INTRODUCTION
Groupe BPCE, the second largest banking group in France, performs a full range of banking and insurance activities.
Through its 100,000 employees, the Group serves 35 million customers – individual customers, professionals, companies, investors and local government bodies – around the world. It operates in the retail banking and insurance fields in France via its two major networks, Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne, along with Banque Palatine.
It also rolls out the business line responsible for global Asset & Wealth Management services with Natixis Investment Managers and the wholesale banking expertise of Natixis Corporate & Investment Banking.
This Universal Registration Document was filed on March 24, 2023 with the AMF, in its capacity as the competent authority in respect of Regulation (EU) No. 2017/1129, without prior approval pursuant to Article 9 of said regulation. The Universal Registration Document may only be used for the purposes of a public offering or admission of securities to trading on a regulated market if it is accompanied by a memorandum pertaining to the securities and, where applicable, an executive summary and all amendments made to the Universal Registration Document.
The complete package of documents is approved by the AMF in accordance with Regulation (EU) No. 2017/1129. Copies of this Universal Registration Document may be obtained free of charge from BPCE, 7, Promenade Germaine Sablon 75013 Paris.
The English version of this report is a free translation from the original which was prepared in French. All possible care has been taken to ensure that the translation is an accurate presentation of the original. However, in matters of interpretation,views or opinion expressed in the original language version of the document in French take precedence over the translation.
Only the French version of the Universal Registration Document has been submitted to the AMF. It is therefore the onlyversion that is binding in law.
Throughout 2022, we mobilized to serve our customers with all our business lines and brands - Banque Populaire, Caisse d’Epargne, Natixis Investment Managers, Natixis Corporate & Investment Banking, Banque Palatine, Oney. Groupe BPCE companies granted nearly €180 billion in new financing to their customers, thus con-firming our essential role in financing the economy and regional development.
At the same time, we continued to simplify the Groupe’s organization around its two main business lines: on the one hand, retail banking and insurance, the Groupe’s historical heart structured around the two major networks Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne, with the support of insurance, payments and financial solutions and expertise, and on the other hand, the Groupe’s global business lines, which are asset management and Corporate & Investment Banking. We now have a clearer, more agile and more efficient organization: this is a considerable asset in an uncertain environment.
Confident in the future, our Groupe today relies on three pillars: commercial strength, with a powerful capacity to win new business in order to increase our market share; financial strength, as reflected in our annual results, but also strength in our governance, as demonstrated by the quality of the process used to appoint BPCE’s new Management Board.
We are a cooperative group engaged for the long-term: thanks to our solid foundation, we can prepare for the future to serve our customers, our employees and our members, by supporting the major transitions underway, whether environmental, technological or societal.
“ Confident in the future, our Group today relies on three pillars: commercial strength, financial strength and governance.
Groupe BPCE is the second-leading banking group in France and finances over 20% of the French economy. All our customers, be they individuals, professionals, associations, corporate customers of all sizes or institutional customers, have constantly evolving expectations, with increasing demands in terms of availability, feedback, advice and service.
Our business lines, in France and internationally, offer solutions tailored to meet these needs, in Retail Banking, Insurance, Financial Solutions & Expertise, Payments, Asset & Wealth Management, and Corporate & Investment Banking.
In the regions and internationally, our brands support, with short decision-making circuits, our customers in all their projects, through all distribution channels.
We are convinced that our universal cooperative banking model, successfully built around strong brands recognized and close to their customers, is a model of the future, deeply in line with the aspirations and needs of society. Multi-entrepreneurial and decentralized, it allows us to operate over the long term.
Our strategic plan, BPCE 2024, reaffirms this conviction: Groupe BPCE, with strong positions in each of its business lines, has the momentum to accelerate its development by supporting its customers with their investment needs for the economic recovery. It intends to deploy the full potential of its model to be a leader in banking, insurance and asset management at the service of all.
(1) Market shares: 22% in customer savings and 21.1% in customer loans (Banque de France Q3-2022 all non-financial customer categories). |
(2) 22.1% market share in loan outstandings, all non-financial sector customer categories (Banque de France Q3-2022). |
(1) 2021 Kantar SME SMI survey. |
(2) Active finance observatory 2022 health establishments. |
(3) SOFIA Kantar study, March 2021 (individual customers); 2020-2021 Pépites survey (CSA) (professional and self-employed customers). |
(4) 17% market share. |
(5) Insurance Argus 2022. |
(6) Cerulli Quantitative Update: Global Markets 2022. |
(7) Dealogic. |
Because simplicity is a condition for efficiency and satisfaction,
Groupe BPCE is joining its forces.
Five priority areas defined with a target for additional revenue of around €1.5 billion and acceleration of international development.
• | Retail banking: five priority areas: energy renovation, renewable energies, mobility, companies in transition, green savings offers and insurance |
• | Corporate & Investment Banking (CIB): the environmental transition positioned at the heart of the customer relationship, intensification of expertise and green revenues |
• | Asset Management: development of a leading ESG offering, with ambitious targets for assets under sustainable or impact management |
Already a leader in the financing of public hospitals, Groupe BPCE intends to become the benchmark partner in the healthcare sector:
• | Key player for healthcare professionals (hospital civil service, liberal professions, future healthcare professionals) and a leading player in dependency |
• | Recognized healthcare infrastructure provider (EHPADs, senior residences, nursing homes, public hospitals, private clinics, etc.) |
• | Partner of healthcare companies and of the innovative ecosystem (e-health, biotech, medtech, etc.) |
As a fully-fledged bank-insurer, the Group will rely on its latest generation platform to develop, offer a differentiating customer/advisor experience, support network advisors in marketing and accelerate professional and individual health offers.
Thanks to the equipment potential of Banque Populaire and Caisses d’Epargne customers, Groupe BPCE wants to position itself as a leader in this market, with the launch of new solutions (instant personal loans, digital revolving credit, and debt restructuring), investments in digital technology and the development of online assistance.
Thanks to its regional roots and the complementary nature of its businesses, Groupe BPCE has set itself the goal of developing its customer base and its financing outstandings in the medium-sized segment.
In Asset Management and in Corporate & Investment Banking, Groupe BPCE has confirmed the United States as the second main market after France and is accelerating its development in the Asia-Pacific region (APAC).
A growth strategy in Europe through development, from Oney, and acquisition opportunities in the consumer loans and leasing businesses.
Because a strong local and regional presence is written in its very
DNA, Groupe BPCE undertakes to provide its customers with the
highest quality of service over the long term.
The Group aims to offer its retail banking customers the best experience thanks to a “3D” relational model, with a pragmatic and local approach to the network of branches. All of the Group’s business lines and companies have set Net Promoter Score (NPS) targets for 2024.
The customer advisor, the linchpin of a long-term banking relationship of trust, supports the customer in all of their life events
Customization of the solutions provided and of the proposed pathways according to customer needs, automated data collection, management of consents
• | A distribution and relationship model consistent with local roots |
• | Networks of branches that value local relationships and advice and are constantly adapting |
• | Varied branch formats designed to match market realities and customer expectations: consultancy branches, multi-site branches, specialized branches, temporary branches, seasonal branches, e-branches, sustainable development branches, etc. |
Because the climate is the major challenge of our time, Groupe
BPCE makes climate action a priority for all of its business lines and
all of its companies.
Groupe BPCE joined the Net-Zero Banking Alliance in 2021 and made concrete commitments to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.
• | By prioritizing the portfolios where the bank can have the most significant impact (most greenhouse gas-intensive sectors) |
• | By measuring the climate impact and defining an alignment trajectory for all of its portfolios |
• | Project financing, privileged advice and strategic dialog around the transition, dedicated ESG savings offers |
• | Groupe BPCE and Natixis have published their first climate reports following the recommendations of the TCFD(1) and detail their actions to support the transition towards a low-carbon economy and adaptation to the effects of climate change. |
Because simplicity is a condition for efficiency and satisfaction,
Groupe BPCE is joining its forces.
• | Grouping of business lines serving the networks: Insurance, Payments, Financial Solutions & Expertise (FSE) |
• | Creation of Global Financial Services (GFS) bringing together the Asset & Wealth Management and Corporate & Investment Banking businesses |
• | Simplification of the coordination of functions between BPCE and the GFS, Insurance and Payments business lines |
• | Harmonization, self-care, automation of key local banking processes |
• | Strengthening of pooling and cooperation (fiduciary, checks, desktop publishing, credit, etc.) |
Because it is driven by an entrepreneurial spirit and aware of the reality of
ongoing changes, Groupe BPCE is strengthening its capacity for innovation.
• | €400 million investment in data |
• | Invest in fintech/insurtech, enrich offers and diversify revenues through open banking |
• | To develop and personalize the customer relationship (identification of life events, management of customer satisfaction), improve operational efficiency (automated collection and control of documents, detection of fraud), and reduce risks (predictive approach, industrialization of reporting) |
• | Bimpli (contraction of “Better” & “Simply”) is becoming THE sole and simple solution combining the best of employee benefits (gift vouchers, restaurant vouchers, CESU, prize pools, etc.) on a single platform. |
• | The transformation of the business lines within Groupe BPCE requires the development of relational and managerial positions in line with the new ways of working. The BPCE Campus supports the Group’s strategic priorities with programs dedicated to career progression and development in the commercial networks and the promotion of banking services. |
Because it works for the long term, Groupe BPCE prioritizes the security of its development model in view of its ambitions.
TIGHT ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL STRENGTH, AT THE HEART OF THE AMBITIONS OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN
• | Significant increase in profitability by activating growth drivers, simplifying the operating model and controlling the cost of risk |
• | Cost savings: simplification of the IT organization, modernization of banking services, real estate portfolio, operational efficiency plan for GFS businesses, etc. |
• | Financial resilience requirement: reinforcement of recurring solvency mainly from reserves |
• | Tightly managing risks by confirming the Group’s current level of risk appetite and investing in risk management systems |
(1) Groupe BPCE has chosen to waive the possibility offered by Article 72 Ter [3] of the Capital Requirements Regulation to use senior preferred debt for compliance with its TLAC/subordinated MREL requirements |
(2) Individual and professional customers. |
A TRAINING PROGRAM FOR THE BOARD PARTICULARLY IN CSR
The members of the Supervisory Board receive training to consolidate their knowledge necessary for prudent and effective control of the company and to have both individually and collectively an adequate understanding of all issues including those related to CSR and climate and environmental risks.
OUR PURPOSE: Resolutely cooperative, innovative and committed players, retail bankers and insurers,Groupe BPCE companies and employees support their cooperative shareholders and customers with financial solutions adapted to each one and build a sustainable and responsible relationship with them
(1) NBI of business lines (excluding corporate center). |
(2) 22.1% market share in loan outstandings, all non-financial sector customers (Banque de France Q3 2022). |
(3) Market share: 21.9% in household deposits/savings and 26.2% in home loans (Banque de France Q3 2022). Overall penetration rate of 29.7% (rank 2) among retail customers. |
(4) 53% (rank 1) in terms of total penetration rate (Kantar 2021 SME-SMI survey). |
(5) Observatoire finance active 2022 healthcare establishments study. |
(6) Cerulli Quantitative Update: Global Markets 2022 ranked Natixis Investment Managers the 18th largest asset management company in the world, based on the assets under management at December 31, 2021. |
(7) Market share: 35% - Banque de France / Groupe BPCE, SURFI/RUBA reports - Total loans granted to resident NPISHs, outstandings - Q3 2022 data. |
(8) ADIE annual report. |
(9) Population of adults under professional mandate estimated at more than 515,000 (2021 Finance Act) - Caisse d’Epargne network 262,000 adults under professional mandate. |
1.1 Group history
Groupe BPCE was established in 2009 through the merger of Groupe Banque Populaire and Groupe Caisse d’Epargne. This marked the combination of two leading cooperative banks, created in 1878 and 1818 respectively, sharing common values rooted in solidarity, a local presence, democratic governance and a long-term vision.
The first step to forming the Group took place in 2006, with the creation of Natixis from the merger of Ixis and Natexis Banques Populaires.
In 2021, Natixis shares were delisted and the group simplified its organization. It thereby strengthens its universal cooperative banking model.
True to its roots and history, Groupe BPCE supports the major changes of today, whether they be digital, environmental, or social.
FIRST
BANQUE POPULAIRE FOUNDED
The Banques Populaires were founded by and for entrepreneurs, to make it easier to finance
their projects.
The Banques Populaires quickly become major players in their region’s economy, working for craftsmen, small retailers, and SMEs.
1.2 Understanding the Group’s organization
The Banques Populaires and the Caisses d’Epargne are owned by nine million cooperative shareholders. This highly stable shareholding structure is imbued with a strong cooperative spirit.
BPCE SA, the central institution of Groupe BPCE, is wholly-owned by the 14 Banques Populaires and 15 Caisses d’Epargne. It defines the policies and strategic objectives of the Group and coordinates the sales policies of each network.
The Banques Populaires and Caisses d’Epargne are banks in their own right. They collect deposits and savings, distribute loans and define their priorities.
The Fédération nationale des Banques Populaires (FNBP) and the Fédération nationale des Caisses d’Epargne (FNCE), the bodies that provide deliberation, communication and representation for the two networks and their cooperative shareholders, play an essential role in defining, coordinating and promoting the banks’ cooperative spirit and social responsibility initiatives, in accordance with Groupe BPCE’s commercial and financial objectives.
1.3 Highlights
Groupe BPCE supports the agricultural sector in its transition and issues a green bond of €750 million enabling the Banques Populaires to refinance assets dedicated to sustainable agriculture. A first in Europe for this type of asset and an innovation for the Group with the publication of the first methodological note dedicated to sustainable agriculture, in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Natixis CIB arranges and places, alongside La Banque Postale, a Euro Private Placement (Euro-PP) through an ESG-indexed bond issue, on behalf of Ramsay Santé, a European leader in private hospitalization and primary healthcare. This long-term financing aims to finance the healthcare group’s general needs and support its development.
Banque Populaire supports the first European fund for blue growth. Launched by Seventure Partners, an affiliate of Natixis Investment Managers, Blue Forward Fund™ will invest in the areas that have the greatest impact: blue hydrogen, marine renewable energies, bio-sourced and bio-manufactured products, sustainable aquaculture… Out of a target of €130 million, the Banques Populaires committed more than €30 million as investors and strategic partners to support innovative companies in the sector.
Four of the Group’s data centers, located on the Albireo campuses in Castres (81) and Antarès in Seine-et-Marne (77), adhere to the European Code of Conduct and thus continue their commitment to more responsible digital technology.
The Group steps forward to support humanitarian aid for the victims of the conflict in Ukraine, through a donation of €5 million to the French Red Cross or the exceptional contribution of €1.8 million from the Habitat en Région solidarity fund.
Natixis Corporate & Investment Banking and EDF sign a €300 million credit facility indexed to Climate & Biodiversity criteria. This initiative is part of the shared ambitions of EDF and Natixis CIB in favor of biodiversity, both signatories of the voluntary schemes: “Enterprises Committed to Nature” and “act4nature international”.
Groupe BPCE arranges, with the help of the EIB, a budget of €150 million dedicated to the improvement and renovation of sports infrastructures, a first in Europe and a response to a real challenge for local authorities. With the implementation of this budget, the Group further strengthens its positioning as a benchmark bank for local authorities and its commitment in the regions.
Groupe BPCE completes its first green securitization transaction of €1.5 billion to finance low-energy housing. The securitization, a RMBS (residential mortgage-backed securities), rated AAA by Fitch and S&P and in which Banques Populaires and Caisses d’Epargne are stakeholders, is the first transaction of such an amount to have been carried out in this format by a French issuer.
The first offshore wind turbine in France is installed in the Saint-Nazaire wind farm, marking the completion of an adventure in which Groupe BPCE is a stakeholder. The project involves the installation at the end of 2022 of a farm of 80 wind turbines to cover the equivalent of 20% of the electricity consumption of the Loire-Atlantique department. For its financing, Natixis Corporate & Investment Banking, as lead arranger, coordinated the response of four Group companies: the Caisses d’Epargne Bretagne Pays de Loire, Normandie, and Île-de-France and Banque Populaire Grand Ouest. Groupe BPCE’s direct contribution amounts to €100 million.
The second edition of the “IMAGINE 2024” challenge brings together 1,200 competitors and supporters of all Groupe BPCE companies to celebrate the values of sport and the Olympic games.
The first teams set up shop in the BPCE Towers, the Group’s new head office and joint home for its companies. This marks the culmination of one of the largest construction projects in the capital, five years after its launch. Groupe BPCE is financing the construction of the first pilot floating wind farm in France located in the Gulf of Fos (Bouches-du-Rhône). The Group participates through its corporate and investment bank, Natixis Corporate & Investment Banking, which acts as mandated arranger, documentation bank and hedging bank, as well as Caisse d’Epargne CEPAC, acting as mandated arranger.
The Banques Populaires and the Caisses d’Epargne become official sponsors of the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Torch Relays. This commitment will make it possible to bring these exceptional events, beginning in the spring of 2024, to life in the regions. A unique opportunity to share with their customers, cooperative shareholders, employees and the general public the thrill of the Games and the spirit of Olympism and Paralympism.
Faced with the terrible fires in the Gironde region, the Group steps up to help policyholders cope with urgent needs, speed up the processing of their files and facilitate their procedures.
Caisse d’Epargne launches the Business Impact Loan dedicated to SMEs, ISEs and players in the social and solidarity economy in order to encourage their efforts to take into account more ambitious non-financial criteria for their activities. For each Impact Loan, the corporate customer chooses a social or environmental theme as well as an indicator defined by Caisse d’Epargne on which it wishes to position itself. The system as well as the relevance of the indicators chosen by Caisse d’Epargne were audited by Moody’s ESG Solutions, one of the world leaders in ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) analysis.
Taking into account the increase in high-intensity climate events linked to climate change, Natixis CIB offers its clients a new catastrophe bond model, ESG CAT bonds, incorporating an ESG dimension. This model offers investors better visibility and proves that their investments are properly channeled in compliance with sustainable finance criteria.
The two subsidiaries of the Group, Payplug, the omnichannel payment solution dedicated to SMEs, and Dalenys, the preferred payment partner of the big names in e-commerce, are joining forces. Under the Payplug brand, Groupe BPCE is the leading French player in payment solutions for digital retail, with more than €10 billion in transaction volumes in 2022 and 20,000 SMEs and large group customers.
The Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne web customer areas are evolving to offer an optimal and standardized user experience on the Group’s various digital platforms. Customer journeys are now similar, whether they use their computer, tablet or mobile phone.
Banque Populaire launches new green solutions dedicated to SMEs and ISEs through the new BP Impact Loan, whose interest rate is indexed to the non-financial performance of the company, the CAT Vair, a new term account for companies and institutional investors, whose outstandings remain in the collection region to be 100% devoted to financing loans intended for the energy transition, and a new range of green loans intended to finance the specific needs of corporate customers.
The Banques Populaires and the Caisses d’Epargne are strengthening their partnership with Cozynergy, a company specializing in energy renovation. They facilitate their customers’ projects, both in terms of financing their work via dedicated solutions and their implementation.
The Group signs the Ecowatt charter and is thus committed, alongside nearly 100 large French companies and banks, to reducing its energy consumption by 10% by 2024.
BPCE Assurances strengthens its climate commitment and joins the Net Zero Asset Owner Alliance. This commitment is in line with its commitment to align the temperature of its investment portfolio to 1.5°C by 2030.
Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne will be the first banks to offer a simplified access to the MaPrimeRénov’ Zero-Rate Eco-Loan. They allow all individual customers eligible for MaPrimeRénov’ to benefit more simply and quickly from the Zero-Rate Eco-Loan (Eco-PTZ). The objective of this regulated loan: to finance the energy renovation of their main residence and thus reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
The Group offers all its employees the opportunity to participate in the Climate school, an unprecedented educational program dedicated to the climate and the ecological transition, an ambition placed at the heart of its BPCE 2024 strategic plan.
Nicolas Namias becomes Chairman of the Management Board and CEO of BPCE, replacing Laurent Mignon. His appointment for a five-year term was approved unanimously by Groupe BPCE’s Supervisory Board.
Groupe BPCE and Swile, a leader in the worktech sector, create a world leader in employee benefits and worktech. Swile holds 100% of Bimpli, a subsidiary of Groupe BPCE and a leading player in employee benefits and services in France, and Groupe BPCE is the largest shareholder of Swile with a 22% stake in the capital.
1.4 The Group’s business lines
1.4.1 Retail Banking and Insurance
Founded by entrepreneurs for entrepreneurs more than 140 years ago, the Banques Populaires have stayed true to their roots, confirming their position as the leading bank for SMEs in France for the thirteenth consecutive year(1). A top-tier banking network with 12 regional Banques Populaires and 2 national affiliated banks (CASDEN, dedicated to the civil service sector, and Crédit Coopératif, a bank serving the social and solidarity-based economy), it is also the number two bank of craftsmen and small retailers(2).
In all activities, in accordance with the Climate priority of Groupe BPCE’s strategic plan, the Banques Populaires have stepped up to support the environmental and social transition of their customers, through the launch of new offers, such as the BP Impact Loan, training programs for employees and new monitoring and management tools.
In the retail market, the Cristal agreement, a bundled offer of products or services for the daily management of current accounts, exceeded one million customers (1.2 million).
In the professional market, the Key Person insurance contract was launched. It ensures the continuity of the company’s activity by offsetting the financial losses caused by the death or total and irreversible loss of autonomy of a “key person”.
The Savings Strategy approach has been rolled out in all the Banques Populaires with, in an uncertain economic environment, the challenge of positioning itself as a savings consulting banker: reviewing the fundamentals and systematizing savings meetings by capitalizing on the entire range of offerings (precautionary savings, medium- and long-term savings projects).
In the retail market, the Banques Populaires recorded a 2% decrease in the number of new customers, despite sustained activity.
In terms of consumer credit, the pace of development remained very active with growth of 7.2% of outstandings, making the Banques Populaires the number one banking network in terms of change in outstandings(3). Very strong momentum was also observed in student loans, with production of €226 million, i.e. an increase of 21% compared to 2021.
A new bond issue was offered for subscription by Groupe BPCE: a total of €215 million was collected by the Banques Populaires on the first loan marketed in 2022, an amount well beyond the initial ambition.
With regard to day-to-day banking services, the milestone of one million customers equipped with a Cristal agreement was exceeded two years after its launch. This bundled offer includes a set of products or services for the day-to-day management of current accounts. The Banques Populaires were the first bank in France to offer a family pack that now equips a quarter of its customers.
In addition, new services were launched in 2022, such as postpayment (spreading of expenses), alerts on accounts and bank card transactions and two-wheeler insurance.
A new responsive web customer area offers all useful services (new account summary, card management, instant payment transfer, international currency transfer with the partner Wise, etc.). Security remains a constant focus for online bank card payments. Currently, 84% of customers use Secur’Pass, the Group’s strong authentication solution, to validate their online payments. Overall, customers are increasingly active on their mobile applications: 67% of them carried out at least one visit to their Banque Populaire app, which is still one of the best rated in the banking sector: 4.7 on App Store / 4.6 on Google Pay / 4.7 on Huawei.
In non-life and personal protection insurance, the Banques Populaires recorded a decrease of 6% in their gross contract sales, after a historically high year in 2021. The quality of their offers was rewarded by the Dossiers de l’Épargne 2022 Label of Excellence for their Solo Health insurance offer and by the 2022 life insurance Academy Award by the Gestion de fortune magazine for their Retirement Savings Plan.
In 2022, the Banques Populaires remained very active in supporting their customers in their environmental transition. Thus, a green financing and savings offer has been rolled out across the entire network. In bank savings, Codevair’s outstandings now amount to more than €2.7 billion, up by 16% year-on-year. In financial savings, €460 million was collected on green bonds at the end of 2022, an increase of 115% compared to 2021. Lastly, in 2022 more than €108 million worth of projects were financed thanks to Energy Renovation loans, launched in March 2021.
Banque Populaire is the first bank to offer private individual customers the Eco-PTZ offer coupled with the MaPrimeRénov’ subsidy and to prepare projects.
Customers have also benefited from the generalization of the partnership with Cozynergy, which provides a turnkey solution for all those wishing to carry out energy renovation work, from carrying out a diagnostic to the search for subsidies to the selection of craftspeople and construction work.
€34.7bn in new loans, -2.2%
€154.1bn in loan outstandings, +8.8%
€188.8bn in deposits and savings, +4.3%
327,337 new non-life insurance policies
The weakness of the equity markets due to the economic and geopolitical context and the increase in inflation and interest rates had a strong impact on the performance of the Banques Populaires equity funds and gave a renewed interest in savings products (passbook accounts, loans, EMTNs, etc.). The assets of high net-worth clients (greater than €150,000 in assets or €10,000 in monthly income) and high net-worth clients (greater than €1 million in assets) increased by 3% and the structure of their portfolios changed significantly. As a result, while investments in current accounts and money markets were favored with increases of 1.6% and 1.4%, respectively, financial savings decreased by 2.9%. In life insurance, the net inflows amounted to nearly €1.3 billion, which allows the Banques Populaires to maintain a strong position in this market with a market share of approximately 8%.
To support the development of the high-end Private Banking and Private Banking segment, the offering dedicated to this clientele was strengthened in 2022. New high-end and tailor-made offers were marketed: life insurance contracts offered by Teora (a subsidiary of Natixis Wealth Management dedicated to life insurance brokerage), tailor-made offer by Natixis Corporate & Investment Banking or Private Equity with the management company Adaxtra Capital.
538,187 customers, +5.8%
€104.4bn under management, +4.4%
After a year in 2021 marked by an increase of 16% in the number of new customers, the momentum slowed down in 2022 with an increase of 1.3% (i.e. +55,000). This trend, combined with continued limited attrition (-6% vs. 2019), supported a 3.8% increase in the number of customers to 762,000. This conquest concerns in particular the liberal professions and entrepreneurs in the health sector (with an increase of 1.9% and 2.4%, respectively, at the end of September compared to the same period in 2021).
For many years, the Banques Populaires have been supporting the agricultural transition and the transformation of production models towards more sustainable and local agriculture and enabling farmers to adapt their production tools. A total of €112 million was granted in the form of INAF (National Initiative for French Agriculture) credit, a financial instrument presented in December 2019 by the government and designed in collaboration with the European Investment Fund (EIF) to facilitate the financing of agricultural projects, notably related to installation. In addition, in January 2022, Groupe BPCE became the first European issuer to raise liquidity dedicated to the refinancing of assets related to sustainable agriculture with the issuance of a green bond of €750 million. This transaction aims to refinance the assets of the Banques Populaires, the third largest banking player in the agricultural sector in France.
For their part, equipment loans to professionals increased by 16%.
With regard to day-to-day management, professional and corporate customers can send, since the summer of 2022, a payment link by SMS and WhatsApp, in addition to the existing link by e-mail. It is also possible to generate the e-mail or SMS payment link from a smartphone or an Android Banque Populaire electronic payment terminal (EPT). This new service simplifies the daily lives of professional customers who do not have a website for the collection of deposits, bill payments or repayments of unpaid bills, for example.
The launch in 2022 of Connect Suite, a unique account aggregation and cash management solution, simplifies cash management for multi-banking professionals and VSEs. It allows them to have a global and instant view of all their business accounts and to make single transfers, regardless of their banking institution, from a single, dedicated and secure space, accessible on a computer, tablet and mobile.
Since 2022, the Banques Populaires have also offered the CAT Vair BP, a solution built from a range of fully targeted CATs and 100% allocated to the financing of loans intended for the energy transition.
Regarding Insurance, the increase in contract sales (+14%) was mainly driven by personal protection insurance (+29%) and notably the successful launch of the Key Person+ insurance contract, which ensures the continuity of the company’s activity by offsetting the financial losses caused by the death or total and irreversible loss of autonomy of a “key person”.
Lastly, Banque Populaire received, for the fifth consecutive year, the Palme d’Or of the Monde du Chiffre ranking in the Banks category. This ranking rewards the best partners (banks, insurance companies, software suppliers, publishers, etc.) of chartered accountants. More than 40,000 such professionals are surveyed and rate their supplier partners on various criteria such as the performance of their products, cost, the relevance of their advice or the quality of their services.
1.1 million professional clients
519,140 tradesmen
180,919 liberal professionals
68,668 farmers
€76.5bn in loan outstandings, +5.8%
In 2022, the conquest of the corporate market continued, bringing the growth of new customers to 18%, with a particularly marked increase in the small business segment (+45%). This momentum also concerned the support of customers in their investments with new equipment loans amounting to €11.2 billion at the end of December 2022, i.e. an increase of 27% compared to 2021. The commercial credit flows experienced a similar positive trend, increasing by +13.7% to €435 billion at the end of December 2022, compared to €383 billion at the end of December 2021.
This momentum was accompanied by a strengthening of customer satisfaction, which is gaining ground with a NPS of +17, i.e. four points more than last year.
In line with the Climate priority of Groupe BPCE’s strategic plan, the Banques Populaires stepped up in 2022 to support the environmental transition of their customers. Training programs have been followed by account managers and advisors, and several green offers were rolled out: a new range of medium-term green loans (for energy renovation, mobility, business transition and renewable energies), and the CAT Vair, a cash savings solution that complements the green financial product offerings (ISG/ESR).
A partnership with Economies d’Énergie is also being rolled out to support customers in carrying out energy audits and/or works.
Lastly, in 2022, the BP Impact loan was launched to encourage customers’ CSR behaviors and commitments. The development of this loan, whose interest is indexed to the non-financial performance of the borrowing client, is part of an approach to support clients in their environmental and/or social transition and aims to encourage virtuous objectives in terms of sustainable development.
139,840 corporate customers, +7.5%
264,245 non-profits and institutions, +0.6%
No. 1 bank for SMEs, 42% are customers
€37.8bn of medium- and long-term loan outstandings
The year 2022 was marked in particular by the evolution of the communication territory in the service of a new brand vision: the most beautiful of the successes is that which shines, with, in the last quarter, a major campaign via television, digital, billboards, press and radio.
A strong presence was also ensured in sponsorship thanks to an increasingly visible surf partnership, in particular with the Banque Populaire Surf Tour and the French Championship by Banque Populaire; the brand was also very visible with the participation of Armel Le Cléac’h on the Maxi Banque Populaire XI during the Route du Rhum, despite a sporting disappointment; and the promotion and enhancement of the Olympic partnership continued with the announcement of the Torch Relay partnership, as part of the Paris 2024 Games.
Lastly, the new banking site launched in 2021 now makes it possible to meet the needs of customers, and in particular to improve the pathways to subscription tunnels.
2022 was marked by the effective launch of its strategic plan Elan 2024, around three key areas: a new development dynamic, a culture of performance and the strong commitment of its team.
CASDEN Banque Populaire, a cooperative bank serving specifically members of the French civil service, continued its development. In 2022, it won 109,217 new cooperative shareholders, of which 66% were from the civil service excluding National Education, i.e. +4% compared to 2021. 68,588 also became Banque Populaire customers. It now has more than 2.2 million cooperative shareholders(1).
As a cooperative and affinity bank, CASDEN Banque Populaire implements numerous actions to measure and ensure the satisfaction of its cooperative shareholders: the satisfaction indicator (the % of very satisfied cooperative shareholders minus the % of dissatisfied cooperative shareholders) stood at 38 in 2022. The points for improvement mainly concern the processing time of requests.
Present on the ground thanks to its activists, CASDEN delegates and its regional coordinators with the support of the advisors of the regional Banques Populaires, CASDEN Banque Populaire meets civil servants in university hospitals, nurse training schools, or in the academies of the National Higher Institute of Teaching and Education, which train teachers. It is also present in secondary schools.
On the occasion of the International Civil Service Day, CASDEN and Banque Populaire launched the “Défi des Pas”, a sporting and collective challenge to collect donations for the Hospital Foundation. This challenge was open to all civil servants but also to the employees of CASDEN and the Banques Populaires. This operation was a real success with nearly 5,500 participants and the collection of a donation of €20,000.
Lastly, the dissemination of the “History, sport and citizenship” exhibition created with the ACHAC research group is continuing in schools and public sector establishments. Between 2021 and 2024, the objective is to carry out 7,000 actions around this program. In the first half of 2022, more than 900 presentations were organized. Numerous partners have joined the program, including the French Ministries of Agriculture, Cities, Sports and Culture and the French National Olympic and Sports Committee. In November 2022, a third conference was organized in Marseille on the occasion of the 2,500th presentation of the exhibition.
As a benchmark bank for the social and solidarity economy and committed citizens, Crédit Coopératif recorded dynamic activity, both in terms of new customers (with 28,697 new relationships in 2022) and an increase in entrusted flows (€93 billion, up by 9% compared to 2021).
In 2022, Crédit Coopératif exceeded €92 million in new financing transactions in the renewable energy sector, of which 94% corresponded to so-called greenfield transactions, concerning the construction of new power plants to expand the French renewable fleet. The photovoltaic sector makes up the vast majority of this financing.
Lastly, Crédit Coopératif’s 2022 shareholders’ Meeting approved the simplification of its system of shares so that, from 2023, there is only one category of shares, compared to four previously for individuals and legal entities.
113,812 cooperative shareholders
423,000 customers
€3.2m in donations, raised from solidarity-based products, distributed to 42 associations
The Caisses d’Epargne have financed the French economy for more than 200 years. They support their customers over the long-term and in all their life events, with the ambition to “Be Useful” to each and everyone. Individuals, professionals, non-profits, corporates and local authorities all receive personalized solutions from their Caisse d’Epargne, tailored to their individual needs and objectives. The 15 Caisses d’Epargne are cooperative banks, which make up the second largest banking network in France.
The Impact Loan dedicated to SMEs, ISEs and players in the social and solidarity economy was launched. Caisse d’Epargne thus encourages them to take better account of non-financial criteria in their activities.
In the professional market, the Climatic hazards offers for the wine sector and a Medical professional liability solution for physician customers were marketed.
Caisse d’Epargne was listed among the Top 50 “French Preferred Companies”, as No. 46 overall and as No. 2 in the banking sector.
In 2022, the Caisses d’Epargne received three prizes at the Corbeilles Mieux Vivre Votre Argent awards: Gold prize for long-term banking networks, Certificate for the best range of equity funds over five years and Certificate for the best range of SRI funds over five years.
The conquest continued with more than 433,705 new individual customers who entered into a relationship with Caisse d’Epargne in 2022. A dynamic that also concerns banking with regulated banking mobility (positive balance of 31,630) and the day-to-day Les Formules banking offer launched in 2019, with more than 1 million new subscription plans in 2022.
Quality of service remains a priority for all the Caisses d’Epargne. The Net Promoter Score (NPS) reached +5 up by +1 compared to 2021.
In a context marked by the sharp rise in inflation and interest rates, the activity of the Caisses d’Epargne remained buoyant in both savings and loans.
In terms of loans, strong activity in the first half led to a significant increase in the market share in consumer credit, which stood at 11.89% (Q3 2022 +32 points compared to Q3 2021). For its part, the production of real estate loans remained very strong, particularly in the first half of the year, at €37.98 billion. A slowdown, due to market conditions, was recorded at the end of the year. The real estate loan market share reached 13.54% (Q3 2022 +20 points compared to Q3 2021).
Caisse d’Epargne is the first bank to offer individual customers the Eco-PTZ offer coupled with the MaPrimeRénov’ subsidy and to prepare projects. The objective of this regulated loan is to finance the energy renovation of the customers’ main residence and thus reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The maximum amount of this interest-free loan is €30,000, with a term of between 3 and 15 years.
Two BPCE loans were issued in 2022: one dedicated to securities accounts, at a rate of 3.50% and maturing in October 2027; the other to life insurance (CNP, BPCE Vie and Natixis Life) at a rate of 3.70% and marketed by all Caisses d’Epargne between November 2022 and January 2023, as part of an advisory program for an investment period of five years.
Lastly, the support for the E-Enfance Association, which supports young people and families on cyber-harassment, was renewed.
In 2022, the Caisses d’Epargne won 84,000 new high-net-worth customers, bringing their number to 1.8 million and their total assets under management to €287 billion.
In terms of financial savings, the pace of activity was sustained. As a result, life insurance premium income amounted to €9.9 billion in 2022, with a unit-linked ratio of nearly 36%. For their part, subscriptions to the Plan Epargne Retraite (PER) increased sharply, with 50,000 openings. In a year marked by uncertainty, the management delegation department met customer expectations with inflows amounting to more than €1.7 billion.
The year was also marked by the marketing of new solutions. The Caisses d’Epargne continued to develop their offering in financial savings, with the issuance of loans, in life insurance and ordinary securities accounts, but also in real estate with the enhancement of the range of real estate investment trusts (société civile de placement - SCPI). The offer of the Teora subsidiary, dedicated to life insurance brokerage, was also expanded with the integration of two insurers. This complementary range offers high-net-worth customers a wider choice of diversification, including a private equity offer under Luxembourg law for private banks.
The quality of the offers and advice provided to high-net-worth customers resulted in an increase in the Net Promoter Score, which stood at +14 in 2022 (compared to +11 in 2021).
The Caisses d’Epargne’s expertise was recognized at the Corbeilles Mieux Vivre Votre Argent awards: Gold prize for long-term banking networks, Certificate for the best range of equity funds over five years, and Certificate for the best range of SRI funds over five years.
No. 2 in France
3 million customers
€287bn in assets under management, +2.5%
The Caisses d’Epargne won more than 45,000 new professional customers, bringing the growth of its business to 3.7% year-on-year.
With customer loan outstandings in excess of €19.4 billion, up by 6% year-on-year, the Caisses d’Epargne continued to support professional customers in carrying out their projects.
They have enriched the range of their products with the launch of several solutions: a complete green financing and savings offer to support professionals in their energy transition needs; Climatic hazards insurance offers for the viticulture sector; and a Medical professional liability solution for physician customers, thanks to a partnership with Willis Towers Watson France. In the medical sector, a partnership with the ISNI (Inter Syndicale National des Internes) has been set up to help medical interns during their studies and when they establish themselves as independent professionals.
The Digital Inside strategy continued with the generalization of the Sign’it electronic signature solution for electronic payment contracts, equipment leasing and medium- and long-term loans. The IZ e-commerce offer, an all-in-one e-commerce website creation and online referencing solution, has been redesigned and now includes the PayPlug collection solution which allows entrepreneurs to quickly set up a personalized online store.
Lastly, in the field of payments, three events marked the year: the launch of the new Jepaieenligne Express offer, a remote collection solution via the sending of a text message or email; the installation of a new mini Smile payment terminal, provided by the company Smile & Pay, which completes the range dedicated to customers receiving modest payments by bank card; and deployment of the Oney in x3x4 split payment solution.
425,435 professional customers, +3.7%
€19.5bn of medium- and long-term loan outstandings, +6%
7,272 employee savings contracts signed
11,756 Pro non-life insurance policies taken out
15,425 personal protection insurance contracts subscribed
With nearly 35,000 customers (VSEs, SMEs and ISEs), the Caisses d’Epargne continued to support the development of companies in 2022, in a context of growth in investment and strong credit dynamism.
The activity in the international segment was buoyant, with an expected increase in the number of transactions (excluding flows) of more than 15%.
The year was marked by the launch of the Impact Loan dedicated to SMEs, ISEs and players in the social and solidarity economy. Caisse d’Epargne encourages them to always take better account of non-financial criteria in their activities. For each Impact Loan, the corporate customer chooses a social or environmental theme as well as an indicator defined by Caisse d’Epargne on which it wishes to position itself. The system as well as the relevance of the indicators chosen by Caisse d’Epargne were audited by Moody’s ESG Solutions, one of the world leaders in ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) analysis.
For start-ups and innovative companies, the Neo Business financing offer continued to attract numerous customers with 261 new relationships. It should be noted that 30 customers are part of the French Tech 120 index.
Lastly, concerning the agricultural sector, the member cooperatives of the UFG (Union Finances Grains), a union of 34 cooperatives whose objective is to facilitate the provision of funds to finance their cereal stocks, were supported through the establishment of the NeuCP (Negociable European Commercial Paper) program. This issue of short-term negotiable securities represented a credit line of around €110 million for the Caisse d’Epargne network.
34,631 customers, +8.4%
3,334 new relationships, +21%
€3.7bn in short-term loan outstandings, +11%
€31.4bn of medium- and long-term loan outstandings, +11%
€10.6bn in medium- and long-term commitments (excluding CBM & CBI), +33%
€16.3bn in outstanding balance sheet inflows (excluding demand deposits), -4%
The Caisses d’Epargne offer a full range of financial engineering solutions: private equity, consulting on disposals-business transmissions, and structured financing (arrangement, syndication and management of financing solutions). Equity investment in companies in their region is a strategic development focus for the Caisses d’Epargne with 17 regional structures and a national venture capital company (Caisse d’Epargne Développement) and the creation of a regional “Rebound” fund.
The debt structuring arrangement activity was particularly strong in 2022 and reached €94 million in net fees and commissions generated. The increase was 42% compared to the previous year, which was, until then, the best fiscal year since the creation of the arrangement activities within the Caisses d’Epargne.
The year 2022 was marked by the strengthening and structuring of the financial engineering teams in all institutions, with active recruitment policies of experts close to the regions. The development of risk pooling tools (EIG risk syndication) and dedicated liquidity (renewable energies funds) now enables institutions to position themselves on major renewable energies. Lastly, new activities in the financial engineering teams such as the Equity Bridge Loan and the financing of long-term real estate investors are being rolled out, making it possible to diversify the sources of fees and commissions generated.
In a context marked by the return of inflation, tensions on energy and many commodities, as well as the sharp rise in interest rates, Caisse d’Epargne has confirmed its presence with its customers in the service of the regions.
It is the leading private bank for local authorities with €27.7 billion in outstandings and €6.7 billion in new financing loans.
It is also the leading private banker in social housing with Habitat en Région, and in the mixed economy with more than €2 billion in new loans and €14.1 billion in customer loan outstandings.
In institutional markets, Caisse d’Epargne launched its green loan offer which complements the Impact Loans, whose development is ongoing.
The collaboration with the European Investment Bank (EIB) was confirmed in 2022: Caisse d’Epargne benefits from several subsidized budgets from the EIB for public sports and health infrastructures. An “energy efficiency of public buildings and sustainable mobility” budget will be implemented in 2023.
Lastly, with strong local roots, Caisse d’Epargne has entered into new partnerships, notably with the Association of Rural Mayors of France and the National Association of Elected Sports Officials.
As the No. 1 private financier of the SSE, with customer loan outstandings of €6 billion in 2022, the Caisses d’Epargne maintained a steady pace in winning new customers, particularly in the social entrepreneurship market, focusing on the challenges of the environmental transition and short supply chains. There were close to 1,000 new customers in 2022. This development is based on a long-standing partnership with the entire SSE ecosystem and social innovation support networks (SSE France, France Active, Impact France movement, La Ruche, etc.) and renewed partnerships in 2022.
The year was marked by the launch of the Impact Loan dedicated to SMEs, ISEs and players in the social and solidarity economy (see section dedicated to corporate customers). To help them in their environmental transition, a CAT Green offer was launched and a partnership with Finances & Territoires was signed.
Lastly, the marketing of State-guaranteed loans (SGLs) was extended. A comprehensive scheme - EGF guarantee (pan-European guarantee fund), security trust, inventory collateral, debt reprofiling, participating loans, etc. - was set up to support customers in their resumption of activity.
No. 1 SSE financier with 22.7% of the market
€1.1bn in new medium- and long-term loans
The Caisses d’Epargne remain the leading bank for protected persons, persons under guardianship, trusteeship and dependent adults living at home in France. Across France, 150 specialized advisors are on-hand to assist family representatives and legal guardians. The pace of activity was sustained with the conquest of 5,000 new major protected customers and customer deposits and savings under management of more than €10 billion.
Lastly, in order to promote the autonomy of protected persons, bank payment cards are offered to them with the contactless payment option, in line with the actions carried out during the health crisis.
336,944 customers
€13.5bn in deposits and savings
In 2022, Caisse d’Epargne was present in the media, with three new TV films to continue to demonstrate its societal usefulness as a bank and family insurance: family plans, home insurance and young working people.
The brand also spoke through urban billboards to reaffirm the specificity of its regional cooperative bank model and prove that being a member customer of a regional Caisse d’Epargne means being even more useful to one’s region on topics such as education, health, inclusion, solidarity or the energy transition.
Caisse d’Epargne also took stock of the first year of the “Pacte Utile”, its program of commitments as a Premium Partner of Paris 2024 to contribute to the legacy of these Olympic and Paralympic Games in the regions. More than 65 projects to create or renovate 3x3 basketball courts have been launched, 130 sports and solidarity projects have been rolled out and 67 athletes have been supported by the Caisses d’Epargne.
Lastly, the new banking site, launched in 2021, now makes it possible to meet the needs of customers, and in particular to improve the pathways to subscription tunnels.
Since its creation, Banque Palatine has been a partner to intermediate-sized enterprises (ISEs) and private company directors. ISEs needing to finance a project, undertake capital transactions, or expand their business internationally can call on Banque Palatine to build tailored solutions and help with its customers’ projects based on extensive business and sector expertise. Private Banking experts draw on a comprehensive understanding of their customers’ personal and professional environment to construct a suitable long-term wealth strategy in consultation with them.
Banque Palatine recorded dynamic activity. The conquest of companies with more than €15 million in revenue made it possible to register 284 new active customers at the end of December 2022.
At the same time, the volume of new loans increased, with a particular focus on structured transactions on ISEs. This strategy benefited from the sourcing carried out by the commercial network and advisory bankers and enabled record corporate financing of more than €1.8 billion at December 31, 2022, including €654 million in structured loans.
2022 was mainly marked by the transformation of the network as part of the UP 2024 strategic plan and the new customer segmentation, from around 40 branches to 26, now mixed (corporate and private customers) and 4 remote branches. In this context, the pace of commercial activity was maintained overall with 570 new relationships, gross inflows of €280 million and real estate financing production of €397 million. Mandate management had a good fiscal year with total assets under management of more than €132 million.
Lastly, the bank’s governance has changed. Didier Moaté, Chief Executive Officer of Banque Palatine, took office on March 1, 2022, and Jérôme Terpereau was appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors of Banque Palatine.
For nearly 40 years, Oney has created payment, financing and insurance solutions adapted to the transformation of commerce, that enable almost 8 million Europeans in 12 countries to improve their daily lives.
Oney plays a major role in supporting consumption by making it all possible: equipment needs, work and travel plans, health and education expenses, and the management of unforeseen expenses. Oney relies on a network of 16,000 sites and stores and 4,400 brands/partners using its payment, financing and insurance solutions.
In 2022, Oney recorded an increase in its loan production of 17%, to €4.1 billion. The growth of its split payment offer reached 14.1% and its market share in France for this type of financing was 34.5% at the end of September (source ASF), confirming Oney’s leading position in split payment.
Several major partnerships were signed in France, with Orange, Mango and Le Bon Coin, and other partnerships were renewed, with Samsung, Air France, Decathlon and Maxicoffee. The brand also benefits from a high level of trust among retailers, with nine out of ten partners renewing their partnerships with Oney.
Customer satisfaction remained high. The NPS score stood at 65.9 for the year 2022, representing 92% of customers who are promoters or neutral vis-à-vis Oney. Regarding split payment specifically, the score was 76, with 94% of customers who are promoters or neutral.
Lastly, as part of the partnership with Paris 2024, Oney has become a sponsor, in France, of two sportsmen via the Performance Pact: Pierre Ambroise Bosse (athletics) and Mateo Colsenet (BMX race). Oney Portugal has become a sponsor of a promising surfer, Yolanda Hopkins Sequeira.
BPCE Assurances designs and manages a comprehensive range of personal insurance products (life insurance, retirement savings vehicles, payment protection insurance, and individual and professional provident insurance) and non-life insurance products (automotive, multi-risk home, supplementary health insurance, personal accident insurance, legal protection, non-banking insurance, etc.). In 2022, the Groupe BPCE Insurance division, now part of BPCE, was renamed BPCE Assurances. The non-life company was renamed BPCE Assurances IARD; the life company remained BPCE Vie and the Luxembourg company changed its name to BPCE Life.
In 2022, the non-life business was strong, crossing the milestone of 7 million policies. The quality of service remained high with an annual NPS of 57 for the Customer Reception and Relations Platform and 37 for the Compensation activity.
Like the rest of the market, the company experienced unprecedented weather events in the French market (hail, floods, fires). At BPCE Assurances IARD’s level, nearly 60,000 weather-related claims were added to the current loss ratio, i.e. double the amount for 2021, 2019 and 2018 and three times for 2020. On the French market, the cost of climate-related claims exceeded the average of the last five years by 50%. Since then, due to the significant growth of the auto and multi-risk home insurance portfolios, the internal claims teams have been strengthened and a new partnership has been forged with Imatech, a company specializing in remote customer relations, for the management of home insurance claims.
Among the new products marketed in protection insurance, the Key Person+ protection offers and the adjusted Pro Protection offer were launched. BPCE Life now offers life insurance and capitalization policies to high net-worth customers of the Caisse d’Epargne network.
More than one in three individual customers now holds a non-life and personal protection insurance policy.
BPCE Assurances also confirmed its status as a pioneering insurer in terms of climate commitment. Each year, at least 10% of investments are dedicated to green assets so that they represent 10% of outstandings by 2030. In 2022, 19.4% of its investments included a green criterion, going beyond the target. The share of its green outstandings increased to 8.6%, an increase of 1.9 points in one year. Lastly, the proportion of SRI-certified funds offered to BPCE Vie customers amounted to 59%, the target being set at 60% by 2024, the horizon of the Group’s strategic plan.
The Payments business line includes the BPCE Payment Services, Payplug and Xpollens commercial entities. The solutions they offer (payment processing, issuance, acceptance and acquisition) are aimed at individual, professional, corporate and non-profit customers of Groupe BPCE’s networks, as well as direct customers consisting of retailers, banks and fintechs.
Through its recognized expertise in the field of electronic payment processing and payment flows, BPCE Payment Services supports Groupe BPCE’s banks and subsidiaries as well as external customers consisting of financial institutions and payment service providers. In 2022, BPCE Payment Services continued to record a more normative increase in its electronic payment transactions (+7% vs. Q4 2021, already driven by strong consumption) and an increase in its fleet of payment terminals (+6%, driven by the 10,000 Android electronic payment terminals (EPT) deployed). In addition, payments by Instant Payment and mobile have continued to accelerate significantly in the uses of our customers.
In 2022, Groupe BPCE decided to merge the two fintechs Payplug and Dalenys to form the leading French player in payment solutions for digital retail. In 2022, Payplug’s activities recorded strong business volume growth for ISEs and large companies (+21% year-on-year) and for VSEs - SMEs (+28% year-on-year), driven by all customer segments and distribution channels (direct customers, Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne networks, Oney). Its e-commerce activities outperform the e-commerce market, which only grew by 10% in 2022(1).
Xpollens, a Banking-as-a-service platform, supports companies in all sectors in their digital transformation, enabling them to integrate white label payment solutions. The year 2022 was marked by the acceleration of the commercial conquest of Xpollens, in particular thanks to the restructuring of its offer into two major value proposals: integration of payment functionalities into the company’s internal processes or integration of payment solutions directly into end-user offers.
The Financial Solutions & Expertise Business Unit (FSE) combines Groupe BPCE’s expertise in the financing, advisory and custodial services business lines. This Business Unit reflects the Group’s goal of focusing its activities on retail banking in a bid to accelerate its development for the benefit of its customers.
BPCE Factor develops factoring solutions for companies of all sizes, covering their entire growth process (set-up, development, acquisitions, international expansion, etc.).
In a booming market, BPCE Factor, driven by the dynamic activity of the customers of the Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne networks, as well as by the increase in corporate working capital requirements, saw its factoring revenue increase by 22%.
BPCE Factor continues to develop digital relationships with its SME customers for an experience of the highest market standards. On the professional market, since the end of 2022, the Group’s customers can subscribe to a 100% digital invoice contract FlashFactures directly from their customer area. This offer, intended for occasional cash requirements, is particularly popular and has a Net Promoter Score (NPS) of 48.
Lastly, for the 7th consecutive year, Bureau Veritas Certification confirmed the service certification and labeling of BPCE Factor. It was recognition for the high level of quality perceived by customers: 91% overall satisfaction and a Net Promoter Score of 25.
BPCE Financement develops offers and complete solutions for the management of revolving loans and personal loans for Groupe BPCE’s networks, for a total outstanding amount of €32.4 billion. It confirms and strengthens its position as the leading player in consumer credit in France with a 17% market share.
The year was marked by the implementation of structuring projects in digital and data. The development of targeting marketing campaigns using artificial intelligence and the implementation of the post-payment functionality for immediate debit purchases have, among other things, generated an acceleration of the revolving credit business, bringing the share of digital production to nearly 60%.
In 2022, BPCE Financement took control of the Portuguese subsidiary Banco Primus, previously held by Crédit Foncier.
BPCE Lease offers a complete range of rental solutions: equipment and real estate leasing, long-term vehicle leasing, leasing with purchase option, boating or automotive leasing, IT operational leasing, and renewable energy financing. In 2022, BPCE Lease saw its new production increase by 11% to reach €5.6 billion. This dynamic was accompanied by an increase in customer satisfaction with a NPS reaching +46 for equipment leasing and +40 for long-term leasing(1).
The year was marked by the continuation of the Lease Impact program, whose ambition is to support customers in their energy transition approach, thanks to new green offers (energy efficiency assessment, eco-driving, electric charging stations under lease contracts, etc.).
Lastly, BPCE Lease signed an agreement for the acquisition of the Eurolocatique group, a company specializing in the financing of healthcare equipment through financial leasing and leasing for customers in private healthcare centers, self-employed healthcare professionals, public health institutions and private clinics.
Compagnie Européenne de Garanties et Cautions (CEGC) offers a wide range of financial guarantees across all Group markets, including individual, professional and corporate customers, and the real estate, social economy and social housing sectors.
In a real estate market that weakened over the last four-month period, its business lines maintained an overall dynamic level of activity. In terms of home loans, CEGC guaranteed 279,031 real estate loans to individual customers produced by the Groupe BPCE networks, for an amount of €46 billion, i.e. -2% compared to 2021, a historic year. In the construction sectors, CEGC covered the delivery “at the agreed price and deadline” of 18,424 single-family houses and issued financial guarantees for the completion of 885 real estate development projects. Lastly, in the building and finishing works sectors, 102,738 market guarantees were issued, mainly via the www.cautiondemarche.com solution which posted a Net Developer Score of +42.
CEGC offered a guarantee backed by the Impact Loans offer of the Caisses d’Epargne for social housing and social economy players. A portion of the insurance premium may be donated to a social or environmental association.
As a responsible investor, CEGC has adhered to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI), and systematically incorporates Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria in the selection and management of investment assets.
Leader in the real estate financing market (developers, property dealers, development funds, etc.), with 2.6 million m2 of office space and 57,700 housing units in the process of being financed, i.e. outstandings of nearly €11.6 billion, Socfim covers all the needs of real estate professionals (short term, long term, corporate finance, funding rounds).
A very marked disruption in activity occurred in the second half of the year, under the cumulative effects of a sharp rise in interest rates, the spread of inflation to construction costs and a scarcity of access to the credit market for households. In this context, Socfim’s activity remained strong although below its objectives. Thanks to the diversification of its business activities and its expanded product mix, developers, property dealers, institutional investors and private funds continued to present the company with high demand for financing.
(1) |
Study conducted by telephone by ENOV: from May 4 to 24, 2022 with 400 customers having subscribed an LLD contract and from May 19 to June 16 with 500 customers (mainland France + Overseas departments) having subscribed a CBM contract. |
Lastly, two projects in line with Socfim’s strategic plan were implemented during the year, with membership of the Neomi digital distribution platform for developers and the adoption of the Green Weighting Factor to assess the environmental quality of the projects supported by financing.
Pramex International specializes in advising French start-ups, SMEs and ISEs on international expansion, either through internal growth (creating and overseeing foreign subsidiaries) or external growth (international acquisitions). With more than 400 contracts signed, the pace of its activity remained strong in 2022.
As a major player in real estate consulting, BPCE Solutions Immobilières offers solutions for appraisal, project management assistance, market research, as well as a wide range of new and existing real estate products, both for homeowners and investors. Its range of services covers all stages of an asset’s life, from investment to resale. In 2022, BPCE Solutions Immobilières continued to grow steadily with Groupe BPCE institutions, mainly in the portfolio real estate sector despite the market slowdown. Nearly 900 units were sold to individual customers in 2022 and €175 million was collected from SCPIs.
The Expertise division has a national network of experts covering the entire French territory. 2022 saw continued growth among large institutional investors, with €14.8 million in revenue.
EuroTitres is the leading French provider of outsourced custody services on the retail market. The exceptional activity experienced on the stock market in 2020 and 2021 continued until April 2022, before decreasing regularly over the rest of the year. However, the mobilization of individual customers remained at a higher level than in 2019. At the end of December 2022, 2.4 million stock market orders had been processed compared to 3 million last year. The internet and mobile transactional site, which continues to be enriched with new functionalities and which benefits from new ergonomics, was the main channel used by customers, with a constantly improving NPS. In 2022, unlike 2021, for collective investments, the transaction volumes decreased by 21% with 2.7 million subscriptions/redemptions, in particular due to market conditions that did not allow automatic capping operations to be triggered over the first ten months. However, as regards the stock of ordinary securities accounts and PEAs held a certain stability was observed, contrasting with the results of previous years.
1.5 Agenda
May 4, 2023 |
After market close – Publication of first-quarter 2023 results |
May 25, 2023 |
BPCE General Meeting |
August 3, 2023 |
Before trading – Publication of second-quarter and first-half 2023 results |
November 9, 2023 |
Before trading – Publication of third-quarter results for 2023 |
Calendar subject to change
|
2 NON-FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE STATEMENT
* Transition projects (energy renovation of homes, green mobility, renewable energies and other projects).
Groupe BPCE, a cooperative banking group, operates in all areas of banking, asset management and insurance, serving its 35 million customers in France and worldwide. A cooperative, it is owned by its nine million cooperative shareholders and is supported by its 14 Banques Populaires, 15 Caisses d’Epargne, Natixis Investment Managers, Natixis Corporate & Investment Banking, Banque Palatine and Oney.
The strength and durability of its model are based on balanced governance. Cooperative shareholders hold 100% of the share capital of the Banques Populaires and the Caisses d’Epargne through cooperative shares, and elect representatives who make up the members of their Boards of Directors and Steering and Supervisory Boards. The Banques Populaires and the Caisses d’Epargne hold 100% of the capital of BPCE, the Group’s central institution.
Our cooperative, multi-brand and entrepreneurial model is our identity; it allows us to be closely aligned with customers’ expectations and society’s aspirations. Our decentralized model and our regional roots are real assets for driving transitions and sustainably transforming society: our companies act locally, as close as possible to our customers, providing innovative solutions in response to the challenges of our time.
By focusing its strategy and actions on the long term, our Group is able to reconcile economic performance, social equity and environmental protection.
The nature of our activity and our outreach give us a great responsibility in the face of societal and environmental challenges, foremost among them the fight against climate change.
All of us have been reminded of climate change in recent months by the occurrence of extreme climate events around the world. Global warming poses significant risks to the economy and may ultimately jeopardize its financial stability. The climate transition is taking place in a complex and fragile context: the return of inflation, rising interest rates, the end of the health crisis, rising social inequalities, the return of war in Europe, etc.
These societal and environmental challenges are shaking up our society and creating risks for our customers: increased vulnerability of our most vulnerable customers, risk of survival for companies that are unable to adapt, physical risks affecting the value of assets, increased costs (in particular those related to energy renovation work), reputational risk, etc. These risks, which place our customers in difficulty, may lead to an increase in failures and generate financial losses for the Group.
The transition to a low-carbon economy requires considerable levels of investment, funding and support for all economic players in their own transition. Our Group has made climate change one of the priorities of its BPCE 2024 strategic plan: our companies have all strengthened their systems to support the transition of their customers and climate issues are now inseparable from the activity of our business lines. It is both a development opportunity for our activities and a tremendous lever for the transformation of our business lines.
These profound transformations must not be carried out at the expense of the most vulnerable or future generations. As a leading player in the field of banking inclusion, whether in terms of preventing over-indebtedness or supporting microentrepreneurs, Groupe BPCE is also the leading banking player alongside protected persons, vulnerable individuals and companies in difficulty.
The Group’s social and societal commitment also applies to its 100,000 employees: promotion of gender balance, diversity, job retention of disabled and sick people, well-being at work and integration of young people, some of whom are from disadvantaged neighborhoods.
2.1 A CSR roadmap in line with the Group’s strategic priorities
2.1.1 Our ESG strategy
Groupe BPCE’s ESG strategy and goals are carried out in compliance with business ethics. The Group is committed to managing legal, regulatory and ethical risks for the benefit of its customers, employees and partners. Groupe BPCE thus ensures strict compliance with laws, regulations and best professional practices in all its companies. This is reflected in a Group Code of Conduct and Ethics approved by the Supervisory Board in 2018 and a rigorous tax policy with a Tax Code of Conduct in 2021.
Launched by the United Nations, the sustainable development Goals (SDGs), a common language based on 17 goals broken down into 169 targets, have become the benchmark for measuring the progress made by governments and private companies. Groupe BPCE strives to fully integrate these objectives into its business lines or its own operations and contributes directly to the SDGs through the concrete actions described in each section of this Chapter.
The table below illustrates the link between the SDGs and Groupe BPCE’s 12 commitments. This dashboard is used to manage the Group’s ESG strategy and provides our stakeholders with quantified and transparent information on our non-financial performance.
CSR commitment |
Contribution to the SDGs |
Performance monitoring indicators |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
Meeting the expectations of civil society |
|
|
|
|
|
Cultivating our cooperative values |
Number of cooperative shareholders (in millions) |
BP : 5.0 CE : 4.4 |
BP: 4.9 CE: 4.4 |
BP: 4.7 CE: 4.4 |
|
Percentage of cooperative shareholders among customers |
BP : 33.7% CE : 26% |
BP: 33% CE: 25% |
BP: 33% CE: 24% |
||
Board attendance rate |
BP : 86% CE : 96% |
BP: 77% CE: 97% |
BP: 89% CE: 96% |
||
Average amount of shares held per shareholder |
Average amount of shares held per shareholder | BP : €3,818 CE : €3,494 |
BP: €4,273 CE: €3,421 |
BP: €3,269 CE: €3,374 |
|
Contributing to the regions’ economic development |
Groupe BPCE penetration rate among SMEs and SMIs (1) |
53% |
53% |
N/A |
|
Groupe BPCE market share of the social economy (2) |
35% |
34% |
31% |
||
Total annual new social housing loans |
€3.8bn |
€3.5bn |
€2.8bn |
||
Supporting our vulnerable customers |
Production of micro-loans to individual customers |
€19.7 m |
€18.2m |
€18m |
|
Production of microcredits and other solidarity loans to business creators (3) |
€702.2 m |
€656.3m |
€505.4m |
||
Being exemplary by adopting a responsible purchasing policy |
Percentage of procurement projects including a CSR lever |
37% |
54% |
36% |
|
Supplier payment terms |
28 days |
28.9 days |
30 days |
||
Share of the amount of purchases made from SMEs and ISEs |
34% 38% |
31% 31% |
35% 34% |
||
Being a major player in the environmental transition |
|
|
|
|
|
Aligning portfolios with a Net Zero trajectory |
Alignment with a “Net zero” trajectory for Corporate and Investment Banking’s portfolios - Green Weighting factor color mix (4) |
27% green, 33% neutral, 40% brown |
24% green, 33% neutral, 43% brown |
22% green, 35% neutral, 43% brown |
|
Alignment with a “Net zero” trajectory for the Natixis Assurances general fund - Temperature induced by investments |
2-2.5 °C |
2.4°C |
2.7°C |
||
Percentage of portfolios assessed using the “Green Evaluation Methodology” |
~50% |
~40% |
~30% |
||
Intensifying the Green refinancing strategy |
Number of bond issues |
3 |
5 |
2 |
|
Supporting our customers in their environmental transition |
Average outstanding financing for transition projects within the scope of Retail Banking(5)(in billions of euros) |
4.8 |
|
|
|
Average outstanding financing for real estate renewal within the scope of Retail Banking(6)(in billions of euros) |
55.6 |
|
|
||
Developping a leading ESG offer |
Percentage of assets under articles 8 and 9 management |
36.7% |
33.3% |
- |
|
Reducing the Group’s environmental footprint |
Annual CO2 emissions (in TCO2e) |
519,818 |
530,481 |
541,680 |
|
Being a committed and socially responsible company |
|
|
|
|
|
Enhancing employability |
Number of training hours per FTE |
31 |
30 |
27 |
|
Promoting gender equality |
Percentage of women among managers |
45.7% |
45% |
44.5% |
|
Percentage of women among senior executives |
33% |
29.2% |
27.9% |
||
Supporting youth employment |
Apprenticeship conversion rate |
13% |
17% |
17% to 20% |
|
(1)
Kantar SME-SMI study in 2021, conducted every two years. (2)
Banque de France/Groupe BPCE, SURFI statements - Total loans granted to resident NPISHs, outstandings - Data as of Q3. (3)
Includes professional microcredits, complementary NACRE loans (market scheme managed by France Active) and complementary loans to honor loans (Initiative France). (4)
Data from the Green Weighting Factor for Corporate & Investment Banking, Data 2020 and 2021, restated, see section 2.3.1. (5)
New indicator - BP and CE combined - Financing of transition projects (energy renovation of housing, green mobility, support for the transition of the activities of our legal entity customers (including Sustainable agriculture, renewable energies) - see section 2.6. CSR reporting methodologies. (6)
New indicator - BP and CE combined - Financing of new real estate (acquisition of new real estate or construction) - see section 2.6 CSR reporting methodologies. |
Groupe BPCE has made several long-standing voluntary commitments to scale up its actions and accelerate the positive transformations to which it is contributing.
For several years, the Group has been particularly active in think tanks on sustainable finance issues, notably the fight against climate change and biodiversity.
In 2022, Groupe BPCE continued its work in commissions created by French authorities and in associations.
At the European level, Groupe BPCE is a member of various professional associations, and participates in specific working groups that European banking organizations have set up to help advance Sustainable Finance strategy. Within the ESBG (European Savings and Retail Banks Group), Groupe BPCE is particularly active because it chairs the Sustainable Finance Committee and remains very active within the European Association of Cooperative Banks (EACB).
Groupe BPCE is very active in monitoring new regulations on sustainable finance, in particular by responding to consultations:
non-financial reporting (response to the EFRAG consultation on the standards to be used to implement the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and to the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) international consultation;
inclusion of ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) factors into risk management (CCR3: Capital requirement regulation);
In 2022, Groupe BPCE also took part in the European Central Bank (ECB) climate stress test exercise, which took place from January to July. The exercise covered credit and market risks on a scope consisting of exposures to the 22 most emissive sectors.
Finally, Groupe BPCE, convinced of the fundamental importance of the energy transition of the economy, will join the Institute for Sustainable Finance (IFD), which will be in charge of federating and amplifying the actions undertaken by the financial institutions of the French marketplace and French companies to complete the energy and environmental transition, but also to lead a permanent and institutional dialog with the public authorities.
As part of its work within the working group of the Climate Commission of the French Banking Federation (FBF), chaired by the Chairman of the Management Board of Groupe BPCE, the Group participates in dialogs and discussions on:
the exit strategy for coal, as part of a global divestment timetable, with firm, transparent and monitored commitments on unconventional hydrocarbons;
working with the supervisory authorities to develop methodologies to assess the exposure of their portfolios to climate risks and to align investment portfolios with a “Net Zero” scenario. The objective is to promote the dissemination and open source standardization of these methodologies.
Natixis Investment Managers, through its subsidiary Mirova, is part of the steering group of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial risk and Disclosure (TNFD) initiative, whose work began in 2021 for two years. The TNFD is the result of a partnership between the Natural Capital Finance Alliance (NCFA), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), with the support of the British government. With the same model as the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), the TNFD will offer a framework to meet the measurement and data needs of financial institutions so they can better understand dependencies and their impacts on nature. The TNFD is intended to support the transition of the financial market by providing a framework for organizations to report nature-related risks and act according to their evolution, in order to divert global financial flows from negative activities for nature and redirect them towards activities that are positive for nature.
data accessibility: unlike climate data (mainly GHG emissions), which are held by companies, data related to natural capital require access to larger databases (government, NGOs, universities, etc.);
spatiality: risks related to nature are specific to their location, and the locations of a company’s assets are generally not disclosed;
materiality: as nature is a public good, it is currently used free of charge by companies. Risks related to nature are therefore rarely taken into account in financial decision-making. The working group will have to consider the possibilities of integrating this materiality through regulations, changes in terms of reporting or responsibility.
2.2 Meeting the expectations of civil society
2.2.1 Cultivate our cooperative values in line with the evolutions of society
Groupe BPCE intends to participate in the development of all regions. The cooperative nature of the Group is one determining factor in how it conducts its business. The Group wants to help build an environment in which its cooperative shareholders and customers can grow.
Our regional banks have strong community ties, so they are attentive to the needs of all customers. They work with local players, local authorities, associations, business networks, schools and universities to strengthen the local socioeconomic fabric.
Each of the networks, Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne, is backed by a federation. They support the network’s CSR strategy, facilitate cooperative shareholder relations, provide training for directors and assist with governance. They also promote initiatives in local communities.
“Resolutely cooperative and innovative, Banque Populaire closely supports all those who live and work in each region over the long-term.” This is Banque Populaire’s overall purpose, defined in 2019.
Several regional banks have adapted this purpose to their regional specificities while keeping a common meaning, specific to the Banques Populaires. Three main areas of commitment have been defined, characteristic of Banque Populaire’s specificity: regional proximity, entrepreneurial culture, and cooperative and sustainable commitment.
The 5 million cooperative shareholders are the foundation of the cooperative structure of Banques Populaires. They hold their share capital. They vote at General Meetings and directly elect the directors who represent them on the Boards of Directors.
For the General Meetings, the banks have given their cooperative shareholders the option of attending either remotely or by viewing the recorded proceedings. More than 597,000 cooperative shareholders voted. The average total vote rate for the network is 16.8%.
The cooperative shareholders enjoy access to information channels to keep up to date with news about their banks, including newsletters, magazines, and informative websites. A stakeholder listening tool “Le WOK Banque Populaire” was set up to enable cooperative shareholders to participate in the life of their bank. In 2022, more than 500,000 cooperative shareholders were invited to share their ideas on various themes such as “green & CSR” or “supporting young workers”. In addition, for the past five years, the Banques Populaires have been organizing the “Faites de la coopération”, a week of awareness and discussion around the cooperative model, which is part of Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) month. On the agenda for the 2022 edition are solidarity sponsorship initiatives to encourage employees to support associations in their region during their working hours, and tools to raise awareness of the cooperative model for advisors (a quiz to learn about the model, and a “dictionary” of essential terms).
In 2022, the Banque Populaire network had 219 directors (and 20 non-voting directors). They are business leaders, researchers and teachers involved in the economic life of their region.
To meet the regulatory requirements for training directors and assessing how the Boards of Directors function, the National Federation of Banques Populaires (FNBP) has drawn up:
a self-assessment system for Boards of Directors made available throughout the Banque Populaire network;
an annual training plan covering topics related to the seven skills selected by the ECB, as well as CSR and digital topics;
an annual report on training has been set up to monitor the number of training sessions carried out, the number of training hours completed, the diversity of training courses taken and the satisfaction rate.
Banques Populaires |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
Number of cooperative shareholders (in millions) |
5.0 |
4.9 |
4.7 |
Percentage of cooperative shareholder customers (as a %)(1) |
33.7% |
33% |
33% |
Average value of shares held per cooperative shareholder (in euros)(2) |
3,818 |
4,273 |
3,269 |
TS-I (delta between the ratio of highly satisfied customers and totally dissatisfied customers)(3) |
33 |
32 |
28 |
(1)
Excluding BRED, CASDEN, and Crédit Coopératif. (2)
Data excluding Crédit Coopératif. (3)
Data from the individual customer satisfaction barometer in BP and CE. Internal source: Group Customer Research department excluding Crédit Coopératif and CASDEN. |
Banques Populaires |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
Governance bodies |
|
|
|
Number of members of Boards of Directors |
222 |
219 |
221 |
Director attendance rate at Board of Directors Meetings (as a %) |
86% |
77% |
89% |
Percentage of Board Members who are women (as a %) |
46% |
48% |
46% |
Percentage of Board Chairmen and Vice-Chairmen who are women (as a %) |
31% |
29% |
28% |
Director training |
|
|
|
Boards of Directors: percentage of members who took at least one training course over the year (as a %) |
72% |
70% |
53% |
Boards of Directors: average number of training hours per person(1) |
8.0 |
7.9 |
4.3 |
(1)
Data including Audit Committee training courses. |
The CSR & cooperative guidelines constitute the roadmap for the next two years; several objectives have been set as part of the “Active cooperation” ambition, including the rebalancing of the age pyramid of cooperative shareholders and the promotion of membership among employees.
The Caisses d’Epargne had a membership of 4.4 million cooperative shareholders at the end of 2022, the vast majority of whom were private individuals, spread across 185 local savings companies (SLEs), which constitute an intermediate level to strengthen local roots, proximity and the expression of cooperative shareholders.
In 2022, the Caisses d’Epargne continued and developed their efforts to get their cooperative shareholders even more involved in the life of their bank as key stakeholders. The new CSR and cooperative guidelines for 2022-2024 have strengthened the Caisses d’Epargne’s ambition in terms of cooperative shareholding. The goal is to increase the number of cooperative shareholders among customers and to offer them privileged access to information and offers from the members’ club via the unique portal societaires.caisse-epargne.fr. In its region, each of the 15 regional Caisses d’Epargne implements promotional and communication initiatives designed to strengthen its relationship with its cooperative shareholders.
In addition to these media, some of the Caisses d’Epargne have set up feedback mechanisms for their cooperative shareholders and initiatives to raise employee awareness of the cooperative model, in particular during induction days for new members and weeks dedicated to cooperative shareholding, in order to strengthen and rejuvenate membership.
In 2022, Fédération Nationale des Caisses d’Epargne (FNCE), in consultation with the Caisses d’Epargne, conducted a study aimed at giving the Caisse d’Epargne cooperative model a simple, unique and differentiating definition: a Caisse d’Epargne is “a bank-insurance institution that is 100% regional, a pioneer in the transitions taking place in society, and one that belongs to its customer-cooperative shareholders”. For more information: www.federation.caisse-epargne.fr
As part of the cooperative governance of the Caisse d’Epargne network, the Fédération Nationale des Caisses d’Epargne, in conjunction with BPCE and the Caisses d’Epargne, supports and trains elected representatives in the performance of their mandate through a dedicated training system. Training programs are designed for directors of local savings companies, members of the Steering and Supervisory Boards (SSB), and members of specialized committees. Each audience benefits from a training offer adapted to their mandate in a face-to-face format and/or by videoconference:
for directors: a welcome seminar for directors on the fundamentals of understanding the Caisse d’Epargne, its history, its local banking model in its region, its cooperative model and its long-standing social banking model. Training is provided to deepen this initial foundation throughout the term of office. General banking culture and digital topics complete this system;
for members of Boards of Directors and Supervisory Boards, initial regulatory training tackles the six areas established by decree: governance, accounting and financial information, banking and the financial markets, legal and regulatory requirements, risk management and internal control, and strategic planning. In-depth training is offered throughout the term of office;
for the specialized committees: training courses are offered to members of the Risk, Audit, Appointments, and Remuneration Committees.
A distance learning system completes the system with a wide choice of online training courses, videos, quizzes and thematic sheets.
In 2022, the FNCE developed themes related to environmental transition, climate risks and the cooperative model.
Caisses d’Epargne |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
Number of individual cooperative shareholders (in millions) |
4.4 |
4.4 |
4.4 |
Percentage of cooperative shareholder customers (as a %)(1) |
26% |
25% |
24% |
Average value of cooperative shares held per cooperative shareholder (in euros)(2) |
3,494 |
3,421 |
3,374 |
TS-I (delta between the ratio of highly satisfied customers and totally dissatisfied customers)(3) |
27 |
24 |
20 |
(1)
Natural persons only (customers and cooperative shareholders). Figure calculated as the “total number of cooperative shareholders” divided by the “total number of customers”. Source: cooperative shareholder base dashboard (2)
Figure calculated based on the “total number of customers” and “outstanding cooperative shares”; cooperative shareholders who are natural persons only. Internal source: cooperative shareholder base dashboard (3)
Data from the BP & CE individual customer satisfaction survey. (Internal source: Group Customer Research division). |
Caisses d’Epargne |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
Governance bodies |
|
|
|
Number of members of Steering and Supervisory Boards |
283 |
283 |
284 |
Director attendance rate at Steering and Supervisory Board Meetings (as a %) |
96% |
97% |
96% |
Percentage of Steering and Supervisory Board members who are women (as a %) |
46% |
46% |
47% |
Percentage of Steering and Supervisory Board Chairmen or Vice-Chairmen who are women (as a %) |
47% |
44% |
33% |
Director training |
|
|
|
Steering and Supervisory Board: percentage of members who took at least one training course over the year (as a %) |
96% |
99% |
89% |
Steering and Supervisory Board: average number of training hours per person (basis = 100) |
13.1 |
20.5 |
12.5 |
The French act of September 10, 1947 on the status of cooperatives establishes the principle of a cooperative review every five years. The review is performed by an independent auditor responsible for verifying that the structure and operation of cooperative entities observe cooperative principles and rules. Over the past three years, all Banques Populaires and Caisses d’Epargne have carried out a cooperative review. None of the Banques Populaires or the Caisses d’Epargne was identified as possibly being ‘non-compliant’ with the cooperative banking model and the auditors voiced no reservations in the course of their audit.
2.3 Be a major player in the environmental transition
2.3.1 Groupe BPCE places the climate at the heart of its strategy and incorporates ESG criteria in its processes
Fighting climate change and creating a more low-carbon society is a major challenge of our time. In response, the financial sector has a key role to play by supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy, which balances the environmental, social and economic needs of society.
At the heart of its concerns, the environmental transition is one of the three pillars of the BPCE 2024 strategic plan and is a priority for all its business lines and all its companies.
commit to a long-term change in its balance sheet as part of a strategy to mitigate the climate impact of its activities, assets financed, invested or insured, by aligning financing portfolios with a “Net Zero” trajectory, i.e. carbon neutrality by 2050;
supporting its customers in their own transition challenges, whether in terms of financing, savings or insurance, with a dimension of advice and structured strategic dialog, providing expertise, solutions and a long-term vision;
accelerate the reduction of its direct environmental footprint, with a target of reducing its carbon footprint by 15% by 2024 compared to 2019.
In order to manage these climate-related commitments as closely as possible, the Group has strengthened its governance bodies (see section 2.1.2) and the management of climate-related risks.
The Climate Risk division was created on January 1, 2019 within Groupe BPCE’s Risk division. In 2020, dedicated risk correspondents were appointed in the risk divisions of the Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne networks, and in the Group’s subsidiaries. In 2021, the unit became the Climate Risk department reporting directly to Groupe BPCE’s Deputy Chief Executive Officer, a member of the Executive Management Committee in charge of Groupe BPCE risk. It defines and implements Groupe BPCE’s climate risk supervision system. The operational integration of this system in the institutions will make it possible to better integrate climate risks into the Group’s risk appetite.
The Climate Risk Committee, created in 2020, is chaired by the Chairman of the Management Board. This decision-making and monitoring committee deals with climate issues from a cross-functional perspective for the Group and its various business lines. It is in charge of examining the Group’s main existing or potentially emerging climate and environmental risk areas. It develops scenarios and validates the climate stress test transition matrices to assess the resilience and vulnerability of the Group’s business model. More specifically, in 2022, the Climate Risk Committee validated the update of the remediation plan to the ECB’s guide on climate and environmental risks, following the ECB’s thematic review carried out during the first half of 2022.
In order to limit the human and environmental impacts of its financing, investment and insurance activities, Groupe BPCE has withdrawn from activities with the highest emissions and has developed sectoral policies, including exclusion criteria, to regulate its activities in the most sensitive sectors.
Coal, responsible for around 45% of human emissions, is the leading source of the global temperature rise.
Since 2015, Natixis CIB has undertaken to no longer support companies developing new coal-fired power plants, thermal coal mines, any port and rail infrastructure projects and any equipment or installations related to thermal coal. In addition, Natixis CIB prohibits any general-purpose financing(1) for companies whose business is more than 25% derived from thermal coal.
In 2021, Groupe BPCE extended its coal policy to all of the Group’s financing activities: it aims to gradually reducing its exposure to thermal coal to zero by 2030 for its activities in the European Union and OECD countries and, by 2040, for its activities in the rest of the world.
BPCE Assurances and ten Natixis Investment Managers management companies have also implemented an exclusion policy in the coal sector. These companies do not invest in companies where more than X% of revenues come from coal-fired power plants and/or thermal coal mines. This threshold varies between 0% and 25% depending on the asset management company.
(1) |
Non-dedicated corporate financing, when the facilities are used for the general needs of the company or its operations (working capital, pre-export financing, sale and trading of oil and gas products, etc.) |
At the end of September 2022, Groupe BPCE’s exposure to coal industry financing represented less than 0.12% of the Group’s total exposure to corporate loans, i.e. a residual amount of less than €0.4 billion.
As part of its oil & gas policy (first publication on November 23, 2018 and last updated on September 21, 2022), Natixis CIB stopped financing:
projects to explore, produce, transport, store or export oil extracted from oil sands or extra-heavy oil;
In addition, Natixis CIB has set itself the target of reducing its exposure to hydrocarbon exploration and production activities by 15% (compared to 2020) by 2024.
Oil and gas policy update
In 2022, Natixis CIB continued its divestment from activities with the highest emissions by updating its oil and gas policy: Corporate & Investment Banking extended the scope of its investment commitment in the Arctic beyond production and oil exploration by adding gas to the new restrictions, in accordance with the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP). Only projects located in the Norwegian Sea, West Shetlands and Barents Sea will be maintained, given their high environmental standards and low operational carbon footprint.
https://natixis.groupebpce.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/220929_revised_esr_sector_policy_oil_gas_august.pdf
Since February 2023, Natixis CIB has decided to strengthen its exclusion policy in the oil sector and will not participate in any project financing dedicated solely to the development of oil fields before they come on stream.
BPCE Assurances and ten Natixis Investment Managers management companies have also implemented an exclusion policy in the oil and gas sector. These Companies do not invest in companies where more than X% of revenues come from unconventional oil and gas. This threshold varies between 0% and 25% depending on the asset management company.
GFS excludes the financing, investment and provision of services to companies involved in the production, storage and trade of anti-personnel mines and cluster munitions. To limit negative impacts on human rights as well as for peace and stability, this sectoral policy also sets precise criteria in the conditions for carrying out transactions, in particular those relating to export and import countries.
BPCE Assurances and twelve Natixis Investment Managers management companies have also implemented a policy of excluding companies involved in anti-personnel mines and cluster munitions.
https://natixis.groupebpce.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/200909_final_amended_cl_defense_policy_eng_v7.pdf
Natixis committed in December 2017 to cease all financing for and investment in tobacco producers, wholesalers and traders, as well as manufacturers of tobacco products. Following its commitment, GFS published a detailed sectoral policy in the tobacco sector.
BPCE Assurances and twelve Natixis Investment Managers management companies have also implemented an exclusion policy in the tobacco sector. These companies do not invest in companies where more than X% of the revenues come from the tobacco industry. This threshold varies between 0% and 10% depending on the asset management company.
Natixis CIB has CSR policies for internal use for the nuclear, mining & metals and palm oil sectors. These policies, which apply to fundraising activities, cover the following aspects:
nuclear: compliance with the strictest international safety rules (IAEA), reliability of technologies, and demonstration on the basis of precise criteria of the capacities of the host country and the operator to control and operate its nuclear sector;
mining and metals: compliance with international mining industry standards and IFC (World Bank) E&S performance criteria;
Various tools have been developed to provide for the incorporation of ESG criteria into financing activities. These tools are adapted to the challenges identified for the different types of customers carried by retail banking and Corporate & Investment Banking.
ESG criteria have been systematically integrated into sectoral policies since 2018 at the rate of sectoral policy updates. The Non-Financial Risk Committee (CoREFi), made up of the Climate Risk, Credit Analysis and CSR departments, has been conducting reviews of all sectoral policies since March 2020 with a view to integrating these issues.
As part of these reviews, each sector of activity is assessed on the basis of criteria related to physical climate risks, transition risks and other environmental objectives, in accordance with the European taxonomy (protection of aquatic and marine resources, circular economy, biodiversity, pollution) to which are added elements of a social and societal nature and finally on sustainable governance. A sectoral classification follows from this assessment and identifies specific points of attention. These sectoral policies are intended to fuel exchanges, particularly when granting credit. The primary objective is to provide additional elements of analysis with regard to regulatory and market developments, to be able to better advise our clients, but above all to be aware of environmentally-friendly behavior in order to be able to support and promote exemplary activities.
The review of climate and environmental issues comes from the ESG analyses of CoREFi sector policies mentioned above. These elements will be used over time for the credit committees and counterparties of the entities and Groupe BPCE.
At the same time, the development of tools to incorporate ESG criteria within the bank continued with work on:
the in-house Clim’Ap tool to assess the physical climate risk, i.e. the exposure of a geographical area to extreme weather events that may affect the economic players in the area in question. By extension, this tool will help identify the degree of exposure to climate risk of the Group’s customers;
the ESG questionnaire sent to corporate customers, co-constructed with eight pilot institutions, with the aim of gaining a better understanding of customers’ practices, initiatives and issues on these questions. The topics covered in the questionnaire aim to open a dialogue between the project manager and the client to better target their support needs in terms of taking these issues into account. Thirteen Group institutions indicate that they integrate ESG indicators in their credit granting processes, based on data collected in public customer reports or during a dedicated strategic dialog. The questionnaire was made available to institutions in early 2023;
the mapping of climate-related risks makes it possible to understand their materiality by reference to the main traditional risk classes: credit risk, financial risks (market, liquidity) and operational risk.
In the financing business lines, ESG risk management is part of a global approach involving the business lines, CSR and control functions. This approach includes the development and implementation of CSR policies in the most sensitive sectors, the definition of excluded business sectors, the evaluation and monitoring of the ESG risks of transactions and counterparties via various tools and processes, such as the Green-Weighting Factor, which assesses the client’s environmental transition issues, and the ESR Screening Tool, which presents a detailed sectoral analysis adapted to the customer.
As a signatory of the Equator Principles, Natixis CIB applies a market methodology recognized by the member banks and institutions aiming to assess the environmental and social risks of the projects financed and the management of its risks by customers regardless of their sector of activity. Corporate & Investment Banking has applied the amended version of the Principles (EP IV Amendment) since October 2020. More comprehensive criteria in terms of respect for human rights (including the rights of indigenous communities) and the analysis of physical and transitional climate risks are required.
The financing process is enhanced by an in-depth analysis of the ESG impacts for each corporate customer via the “ESR Screening” tool. This tool, introduced in 2020, makes it possible to identify, assess and monitor environmental, social and governance (ESG) risks throughout the client onboarding and credit approval processes for Natixis CIB’s corporate customers. The ESR Screening has two levels of assessment:
during the KYC (Know Your Client), each client company is assigned a level of vigilance based on an ESR questionnaire covering four themes (controversies to which the client may be exposed, sectors in which the client operates, maturity of the management system risks and type of business relationship with Natixis);
during the loan approval process, the clients, who have been identified as being the most at risk, are subject to an in-depth analysis (16 risk dimensions covering ESG factors are taken into account and analyzed according to their materiality). The findings are communicated to the decision-making authorities.
All of these systems, including CSR policies in the most sensitive sectors, the application of the Equator Principles to project financing and the assessment of ESG risks as part of ESR screening, enable Corporate & Investment Banking to comply with the legislative obligations of the Due Diligence Act.
Natixis Investment Managers and its affiliates are convinced that a credible decarbonization strategy will help attract players seeking to reallocate capital to companies committed to the low-carbon transition. Natixis IM supports its customers in their transition to carbon neutrality through four strategic pillars:
assess: in 2022, Natixis Investment Managers set up an analysis platform called ESG and Climate Portfolio Clarity, which makes it possible to assess, within customer portfolios, investments that may be impacted by climate change and be exposed to climate risks, both physical and transition;
design an asset allocation in line with the Net Zero trajectory: the strategy to contribute to achieving carbon neutrality depends on the initial asset allocation of the portfolio as well as the investor’s risk and return objectives and constraints. A tailored approach is therefore necessary to meet the specific objectives and targets defined by each customer. Each year, Natixis IM helps its clients to readjust their asset allocation according to new information and the progress made by the portfolio companies as well as emerging regulations and technologies;
invest: with €396 billion in assets under management classified under Articles 8 and 9, €30.5 billion invested in sustainable bonds, €534 million invested in natural capital at December 31, 2022, the affiliates of Natixis IM offer a range of funds and individual mandates with a strategy of investing in the fight against climate change:
design and implementation of decarbonization strategies for all portfolios while maintaining financial performance objectives,
help increase transparency: Natixis IM has built the analytical platform to meet customers’ reporting needs.
As part of its life insurance business, the risk management of the Insurance division’s portfolio is based on a dual approach:
sector exclusions within defined and published policies (tobacco, coal, controversial weapons, and tar sands);
a selection of counterparties according to the best-in-class criterion, which excludes companies with a negative rating for sustainable development.
In addition to risk management, Groupe BPCE is committed to making a positive contribution to the sustainable development Goals for its Insurance activities. This commitment involves a selective ESG integration policy that enables improvements, based on Mirova’s ESG analysis (an affiliate of Natixis Investment Managers), to the ESG profile of investments under management mandates and in dedicated funds.
A non-financial analysis of the liquidity reserve has been carried out since December 2019. This information enables Groupe BPCE companies to better manage their portfolios and to communicate on their incorporation of ESG criteria. Since December 2021, investments in counterparties with a non-financial rating of D+/D/D- are excluded following a decision by a Group Asset/Liability management Strategy Committee which applies to all Group institutions.
The ISS ESG ratings range from A+ (excellent performance, the two highest rated issuers are A-) to D- (poor performance). The ratings of issuers are comparable, regardless of the sector. Based on the ISS ESG ratings, the Climate Risks division develops an ESG analysis according to the environmental axis of the company’s portfolio, and identifies the lowest-rated issuers. Since April 2021, BPCE’s Financial Management department has supplemented the liquidity reserve monitoring indicators with a breakdown of the securities portfolio by ESG rating (from A to D-) and by a categorization of sustainable securities - green, social, sustainable and sustainable-linked. In order to have a Group vision and to manage the liquidity reserve in a dynamic way, an annual non-financial analysis was rolled out to all Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne networks in the summer of 2021 via a dynamic Power BI tool and is updated monthly.
Groupe BPCE is aware of the major challenge presented by the deterioration of natural capital and, as a bank, asset manager and insurer, it is committed to taking concrete action to preserve it. The Earth is currently facing a mass extinction of living species: more than 60% of the population of wild animals has disappeared in the last 40 years. One million animal and plant species are threatened with extinction out of the estimated eight million on the planet.
All financing, asset management and insurance business lines have been involved in a cross-functional discussion on biodiversity issues since 2018, resulting in eight concrete commitments targeted 100% on its direct and indirect biodiversity impacts. The commitments are part of Natixis’ participation in the Act4nature international initiative, and their objectives SMART (specific, measurable, additional, relevant, time-bound) were validated by a multi-stakeholder committee made up of 16 partners including several environmental NGOs. Natixis was the first bank involved in the Act4nature international initiative to communicate individual SMART commitments in June 2020:
support the environmental transition of its customers by systematically integrating biodiversity issues into its sustainable finance offering;
measure the impact on biodiversity of its customers, its financing, some of the assets managed on behalf of third parties and real estate investments;
incorporate biodiversity criteria into the ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) analysis, shareholder dialog for the sectors for which biodiversity is the most important and in real estate investment decisions;
avoid, reduce and offset its impact on biodiversity, whether direct or derived from its financing activities;
actively contribute to the emergence of market standards to measure and report on the impact of companies in terms of biodiversity, notably through the work of the TNFD.
By making these commitments, Natixis has made biodiversity issues central to its CSR system, along with climate change. Aware that reducing its indirect impact is an important lever for contributing to the preservation of natural capital, Natixis puts biodiversity at the heart of its discussions with all of its customers and stakeholders. This approach is part of a more global action to support its customers in their environmental transition. Details of Natixis’ individual commitments are available at this link:
Natixis CIB and EDF sign a credit facility indexed to Climate & Biodiversity criteria, in line with their respective commitments
Natixis CIB and EDF signed a revolving credit facility of €300 million at the end of December 2022, the cost of which will be indexed to two key performance indicators (KPIs) of the EDF group in terms of sustainable development. By signing this agreement, EDF reaffirms the central role of sustainable finance tools in its financing strategy. Revolving credit facilities indexed to ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) criteria now represent €9.1 billion, i.e. more than 75% of all EDF group credit facilities with an ambition to reach 100% in the coming years.
A first, this transaction is consistent with the shared ambitions of EDF and Natixis CIB in favor of biodiversity, both signatories of the voluntary schemes: “Entreprises Engagées pour la Nature” and “act4nature international”.
The Green Weighting Factor makes it possible, on a rating scale composed of seven colors ranging from dark brown to dark green, to determine the climate performance adjusted for exposure to the most material non-climate environmental externalities (water, waste, biodiversity, pollution) of all of its financing outside the financial sector.
In accordance with the Equator Principles, Natixis requires its clients to study all the risks and potential impacts of their projects from an environmental, social, health and safety perspective, and to implement all the necessary means to minimize and correct potential impacts. Damage to biodiversity is an integral part of this vigilance. Groupe BPCE’s risk policy is applied in the banks and at the central level in the sector policies. These include a section dedicated to the impacts on biodiversity.
As part of our commitment to support innovative environmental solutions, Natixis IM recently completed a minority investment with Iceberg Data Lab, a financial technology company that develops assessment tools and provides environmental data solutions to financial institutions.
Faced with the growing demand from financial institutions and their stakeholders for greater transparency on the impact of portfolios on the climate and the environment, Natixis IM and its subsidiary Mirova, as well as AXA IM, Sienna Capital and Solactive will support the global expansion and product development of Iceberg Data Lab. The latter aims to bring to market intelligent solutions based on scientific and biodiversity data. It was recently selected by a consortium of investors, including Mirova, to develop a tool allowing investors to measure the impact of their investments on biodiversity.
Ossiam also worked closely with the company to develop the Food for Biodiversity ETF using Iceberg Data Lab’s biodiversity footprint indicator. In addition, following the development of an investment strategy that minimizes the portfolio’s biodiversity footprint, Ossiam committed to integrating biodiversity at the heart of its activities by signing the Finance for Biodiversity commitment.
Dorval Asset Management measures the sensitivity of issuers in terms of “Biodiversity and land management”, “Water stress” and “Relations with local communities”. Thus, issues related to biodiversity and natural capital are an integral part of their proprietary non-financial rating for the Environmental pillar;
2.4 An engaged and socially responsible group
In 2022, Groupe BPCE continued to implement the four strategic HR priorities “Shaping the future of work” included in the BPCE 2024 strategic plan:
build, for each of the Group’s major business lines, dedicated programs and systems enabling employees to feel comfortable in their role from the moment they join the Group, and encouraged to develop and progress through:
the roll-out of two transformation programs: “Advancing in the network” and “Enhancing banking services”,
strengthen recruitment and onboarding programs to attract and welcome new employees, particularly young people and apprentices;
enhanced employee feedback systems to measure their commitment and encourage the implementation of a continuous improvement process,
the development of new “hybrid” working methods, the deployment of shared tools and the continuation of the WELL program for the BPCE Community and Natixis, i.e. 26,000 employees,
social innovation actions to meet the new social needs of employees through solutions that optimize work-life balance and well-being (e.g. caregiver employees, cancer@work, etc.);
anticipate and prepare the Group’s intra- and inter-company functional and geographical mobility by:
setting up a group framework for the Management of Jobs and Career Paths (GEPP) in support of strategic ambitions,
moving toward a talent management system articulated between the local and national levels to maintain the promise of a primarily internally sourced leadership function,
securing the development of employees towards the professions of the future (e.g., Job in Motion - Natixis);
improve reliability, proactivity and accessibility, in particular by strengthening the monitoring and daily decision support of HR teams and managers.
Groupe BPCE thus reinforces its role as a responsible employer by giving employees reasons to be proud of their Company and, more broadly, the Group. This ambition aims to meet the expectations of employees in terms of professional development and fulfillment by building on the “Paris 2024” partnership.
a code of conduct and ethics https://groupebpce.com/en/all-the-latest-news/news/2019/a-code-of-conduct-and-ethics-for-groupe-bpce-staff;
Groupe BPCE has 99,814 employees:
The Banque Populaire network (29,763 employees) and the Caisse d’Epargne network (32,967 employees)
The BPCE Community brings together Groupe BPCE’s support entities (e.g. purchasing, central institution, IT, etc.): 16,193 employees
Natixis brings together Groupe BPCE’s global business lines (Corporate & Investment Banking, Asset & Wealth Management): 14,417 employees(1).
Other subsidiaries: 6,474
(The scope of the Group’s headcount is detailed in the methodological note)
Find all of Groupe BPCE’s quantitative social indicators on: https://groupebpce.com/en/csr/a-socially-inclusive-employer
2.4.1 Attract, welcome and retain talent
2022 was marked by a dynamic and competitive job market. In this context, Groupe BPCE has adopted a global approach by simultaneously addressing the challenges and actions in terms of recruiting, integrating and retaining new employees.
For the Banques Populaires and the Caisses d’Epargne, recruitment plans inspired by the commercial prospecting codes have been implemented:
training of HR recruitment teams in targeted prospecting on social networks to make them become expert head hunters;
the promotion of new recruitment methods and candidate experience through various formats: virtual recruitment forums, assessment center, collective events, job dating;
an acceleration of work-study programs, which are already highly developed, to make it one of the main pillars of recruitment and a strong lever for pre-hiring;
boosting the employer brand through each Group brand, notably with a redesigned communication strategy on social networks.
2022 was also marked by the creation of a shared recruitment service center for the community and Natixis.
In addition, Natixis is rolling out a new Employer Brand strategy to support the development ambitions of its business lines and take into account the expectations of candidates and employees in a context of talent war. This is based on a new value proposition #transformative finance: join us to make the difference.
Despite the aforementioned employment market context and thanks to the commitment of all Group companies, 8,700 new employees were hired on permanent contracts, which represents an increase of 30% compared to 2021.
Most of work-study student and young graduate recruits are in the commercial field, with a wide variety of profiles: from 2 to 5 years of higher education (BTS, Bachelor’s degree, Master’s degree), as well as engineers, particularly for our IT subsidiaries.
The Group also offers hiring and training opportunities to non-banking sector profiles, as long as they have proven interpersonal and commercial skills.
Groupe BPCE makes the professional integration of young working people a priority area of its recruitment policy. In four years, the number of work-study students has increased by 35%, from 3,200 in 2018 to more than 4,335 in 2022.
In addition, the Group has hired over 4,100 young people under the age of 30 on permanent contracts.
Within the framework of the new Management of Jobs and Career Paths (GEPP) agreement of July 2022, this policy is expressed by 2024 through quantified ambitions:
30% of work-study students hired each year (excluding those continuing their studies) in the business lines of the Banques Populaires and Caisses d’Epargne sales network at the end of their course.
Through the Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne professional branches, a proactive policy aimed at young people has been deployed: Challenge: Innovate your Bank Agorize - career promotion videos, Ambassadors program (My Job Glasses: Our mentors - My Job Glasses).
The Group has also made the development of its CFA “Le Campus BPCE” a training facility for young people and pre-employment training for the Banques Populaires and the Caisses d’Epargne. When it was created in 2020, it had 47 work-study students compared to 350 in 2022, spread across around 20 companies.
Lastly, working to promote equal opportunities and employment for young people, Groupe BPCE has implemented various initiatives:
raising awareness of the Group’s business lines among young people through the publication of dedicated communication tools (internship program, educational kit, business brochures, etc.), internships and presentations by professionals in schools;
facilitating access to apprenticeships to enable young people in our neighborhoods to enter the workforce and diversifying talent through the renewed involvement of employees: 190 mentors for the “Nos Quartiers ont du Talent” (NQT) program, and 160 mentors for the “Capital filles” program;
in 2022, Natixis took part in more than 40 internship/work-study forums and organized a “Global Market Junior Day”, an event during which around a hundred students from target schools were invited to discover the Global Market professions.
At the same time, the Group has considerably strengthened its presence on social media by communicating regularly through its various brands with tangible results:
in fourth place in the LinkedIn ranking of the most attractive companies in France in 2022, up four places (vs. 8th in 2021);
in tenth place in the overall PotentialPark ranking, which each year surveys more than 3,500 students and recent graduates on the digital recruitment strategies of 80 companies. In the “social networks” ranking, Groupe BPCE has gained 19 places compared to last year and is now ranked 8th.
In addition, in 2022, Groupe BPCE is stepping up its presence at partner sites such as: Welcome to the Jungle https://www.welcometothejungle.com
Happy Trainees (recommended by 91% of young people in internships and work-study programs in 2022/2023).
Groupe BPCE places the onboarding and retention of new employees at the heart of its HR policy by striving to better “pre-welcome” and welcome newcomers, considering that the onboarding process and the employee experience begin as soon as the candidate signs his or her employment contract until he or she spends three years with the company.
In this context, the new GEPP agreement expressly states that each Group company is committed to implementing a genuine onboarding program from the signing of the contract until the employee completes three years of service:
Feedback systems are deployed to measure employee commitment, encourage the implementation of a continuous improvement approach and share best practices. Regular surveys of the business lines enable the implementation of appropriate action plans. (e.g. the “Key employee moments” feedback system made it possible to interview more than 6,000 people in 2022)
The Diapason group social survey, whose commitment rate was 72% in 2021 will be carried out again in the first half of 2023.
The WELL program concerns the work environment (new work environments adapted to the flex office, etc.) and practices that promote well-being at work (well-being services, etc.); it relies on scalable tools to facilitate the daily lives of employees (transport in particular), in a responsible approach (e.g. zero waste policy in offices, etc.).
At Natixis, a “change” department was created within the HR department in January 2022 to provide local support to business lines and managers in their transformation projects. In addition, Natixis launched the “global playbook”, a set of best practices to:
engage employees and attract talent via an attractive working environment offering international careers;
Groupe BPCE is committed to changing the representations and stereotypes associated with experienced employees and considers age as an asset.
In this respect, Groupe BPCE supports experienced employees in their job retention and continued professional development. Mechanisms are also implemented to enable experienced employees to pass on their knowledge and skills.
For example, the targets set in the 2017-2021 GPEC agreement in terms of hiring and job retention were exceeded (19% of seniors in the workforce and 8% of permanent contracts recruited at age 45 and over), as well as in terms of support for seniors in their career paths (use of tutoring, skills sponsorship, etc.).
The new GEPP 2022-2025 agreement renews and strengthens these commitments by aiming in particular to ensure that the training rate of experienced employees is equivalent to that of other employees. The challenge is therefore to continue to mobilize experienced employees by capitalizing on their experience (internal or external), and preserving their motivation while strengthening the prevention of occupational risks.
2.5 Respect our business ethics commitments
The Group’s Code of Conduct and Ethics was validated by the Executive Management Committee and the Supervisory Board in 2018, after review by the Cooperative and CSR Committee.
It is based on international values and standards and includes a message from Executive Management and sets out the Group’s ethical standards in three areas: the interests of customers, employer responsibility and social responsibility, with practical business-oriented examples. It applies to all Groupe BPCE entities and employees.
In addition, GFS also has a Code of Conduct which was published in early 2018. It defines the main principles on which the company’s employees can rely in their relations with Natixis’ various stakeholders: clients, teams, shareholders, and society as a whole.
These rules of conduct are illustrated with real-life situations that may be experienced by any employee, manager, director or other stakeholder. The scenarios enacted serve as benchmarks to help them discern the right decision to make in the exercise of their profession.
While the Code of Conduct and existing internal policies and procedures provide clear guidance on how to behave, it is not possible to define a rule for every situation. Employees must exercise their judgment to make the right decision, drawing on the principles set out in the code of conduct.
Regulatory training, in e-learning format, has been developed to ensure that the principles of the Code of Conduct have been learned. This training is mandatory for all Group employees and for all new hires. As of December 31, 2022, 96.4% of registered employees had completed the training.
Another training course entitled “The Essentials of Ethics” completes the program. It consists of 15 sketches illustrating concrete cases of behavior to be avoided.
Since the end of 2019, a “conduct and ethics” dashboard, covering the Group’s scope, lists 35 indicators collected from the Group’s entities. It is presented twice a year to the Cooperative and CSR Committee of the Supervisory Board (seventh edition presented in December 2022). It collects data and information on the deployment of the system, incidents, disciplinary sanctions and types of breaches.
Groupe BPCE has a whistleblowing system applicable to all Group entities. A procedure, currently being updated, can be downloaded from the Group website:
In the context of much more protective legislation for whistleblowers (see the law of March 21, 2022), the Group has chosen to use the same tool for all of the Group’s institutions, regardless of their implementation (Europe, the United States, etc.) and regardless of their business line (retail banking, Corporate & Investment Banking, etc.).
This unique platform will be accessible to all employees and service providers via a URL link. The screens to which the whistleblower will have access have been translated into all the languages of the countries in which Groupe BPCE is established.
The choice was made to use this tool not only for professional whistleblowing within the meaning of the law defining whistleblower protection, but all other types of whistleblowing: HR alerts, money laundering, etc. Each whistleblower will thus benefit from all the features offered by this platform.
This platform, which offers all guarantees in terms of data security, complies with the highest standards in terms of confidentiality and respect for anonymity (encrypted data, inability to retrieve the IP addresses of whistleblowers, etc.).
The whistleblower may send his or her alert and discuss it with the person managing it, with or without anonymity. The alert is sent directly to the department responsible for handling it thanks to the definition of routing rules specific to each institution - these rules contribute to confidentiality.
In addition, a training system based on e-learning will accompany the deployment of the tool and will specify the rights and duties of a whistleblower as well as the protection attached to it. It will be rolled out in early 2023 to the Group’s 100,000 employees.
The Group also has a framework procedure relating to Ethics which describes the entire system applicable to all Group institutions. It brings together all the normative documents relating to this system and specifies the roles and responsibilities of each player. This document mainly includes the rules that apply to all Group institutions (examples: compliance with rules on conflicts of interest) but it also includes best practices.
2.5.1 Supervise the Group’s activities in terms of business ethics
Groupe BPCE condemns corruption in all its forms and under all circumstances, including facilitation payments. It is a signatory of the United Nations Global Compact, whose tenth principle states that “Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery”.
The Group’s employees are required to comply with the internal rules and procedures that help to prevent and detect behaviors likely to characterize acts of corruption or influence peddling. The following rules and procedures make it possible to comply with the requirements introduced by Article 17 of the Law of December 9, 2016 on transparency, the fight against corruption and the modernization of the economy (“Sapin 2”):
the mapping of exposure to corruption risks for Group entities: the mapping methodology was reviewed in 2021 to improve its relevance. The discussions with the business lines required for the mapping exercise made it possible to identify and assess the risks of corruption, whether active or passive, direct or indirect (complicity), and to arrive at a shared vision of the challenges of the fight against corruption. Following BPCE SA and its subsidiaries (in particular Global Financial Services) in 2021, the institutions of the Caisse d’Epargne and Banque Populaire networks conducted the mapping exercise using this new methodology in 2022. Action plans were formalized to reduce the level of risk of certain scenarios, when it remained too high after taking into account the mitigation measures;
compliance by employees with the Code of Conduct and rules of professional conduct and ethics, relating to the prevention of conflicts of interest, the policy on gifts, benefits and invitations, and the principles of confidentiality and professional secrecy. Disciplinary sanctions are provided for failure to comply with the professional rules governing the activities of the Group’s companies. The Group’s “gifts, benefits and invitations” policy, formalized in 2021, provides for a maximum threshold of €150 (to the first euro for public employees) for gifts received or given, above which prior authorization from management and a declaration to Compliance are required. At the end of 2022, the Group’s Code of Conduct and Ethics was enhanced with specific anti-corruption rules of conduct, including concrete illustrations of the behaviors to be avoided based on the risk scenarios identified by the mapping. Global Financial Services has also updated its anti-corruption policy, adopted in 2018, along these lines. The anti-corruption rules of conduct are to be applied by each institution and appended to its internal rules;
training in the rules of professional ethics and the fight against corruption in the form of e-learning presents concrete examples of behaviors likely to constitute acts of corruption or breaches of probity. It is mandatory for all employees. Appropriate training is also provided to certain categories of more exposed staff, in particular Global Financial Services;
a whistleblowing system on serious incidents, including corruption and influence peddling offenses. Since 2021, alerts for corruption have been subject to anonymized Group reporting;
BPCE Achats (an EIG) is responsible for evaluating suppliers whose total purchases at Group level total at least €50,000. This assessment, which takes into account a certain number of criteria (purchase category, geographical criterion, negative information about the supplier, etc.) leads, if necessary, to additional procedures aimed at assessing the ultimate risk, particularly with regard to anti-corruption measures implemented by the supplier;
supervision of relations with intermediaries (including business introducers) and customers: contracts include anti-corruption clauses. Approval committees are planned. Global Financial Services’ customers and intermediaries are subject to a corruption risk assessment and additional due diligence if necessary. The Group’s procedures were updated in 2022 in order to systematize an anti-corruption analysis for all corporate customers with a risky activity. The integrity of the Group’s new partners is also assessed by the New Product Validation and Marketing Committee;
the internal control and accounting control system: Groupe BPCE has an extensive body of standards and procedures providing a general framework for the strict separation of operational and control functions, including in particular a system of delegations for granting credit and relations with politically exposed persons, and a KYC framework. As part of the organization of internal control, permanent control plans contribute to the security of the system. In 2021, the elements of this system were explicitly directed towards the risks of corruption identified by the business lines in the new risk mapping.
Groupe BPCE also has accounting standards and procedures that comply with professional standards. The Group’s internal control system for accounting information is based on a structured audit process to check the conditions in which such information is assessed, recorded, stored and made available, in particular by verifying the existence of the audit trail. A Group framework of controls involved in the prevention and detection of fraud and acts of corruption or influence peddling was formalized in 2020. In this context, donations, sponsorships and patronage are handled with due care.
Generally speaking, these systems are formalized and detailed in the charter governing the organization of Group internal control and the Risk, Compliance and Permanent Control Charter.
FIGHT AGAINST MONEY LAUNDERING, FINANCING OF TERRORISM, CIRCUMVENTION OF INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AND PREVENTION OF INTERNAL FRAUD
The fight against money laundering and the financing of terrorist activities (AML-CTF), as well as the circumvention of sanctions, is based within Groupe BPCE on:
customer relations principles aimed at preventing risks, which are formalized and regularly communicated to the employees,
a harmonized training program for Group employees, conducted at least once every two years, and specialized training for the Financial Security function;
a team dedicated to financial security in all establishments in accordance with Groupe BPCE charters. Within the Corporate Secretary’s Office, a department oversees the implementation of these three systems, which are based on the legal and regulatory provisions of the French Monetary and Financial Code and on European texts. This department defines the financial security policy for the entire Group, draws up and validates the various standards and procedures, and ensures that money laundering and terrorist financing risks are taken into account during the approval procedure for new commercial products and services by the Group;
internal reporting for executives and decision-making bodies, as well as for the central institution; and
due diligence in accordance with regulations. Indeed, institutions have largely automated means for detecting atypical transactions, adapted to their risk classification. Alerts are mainly handled by the networks, as close as possible to KYC. Those for which there is any doubt are forwarded to the local financial security department. Depending on the nature of the elements reported, enhanced examinations and, where applicable, declarations to Tracfin are carried out as quickly as possible.
The reports are sent to TRACFIN when there is any doubt as to the legality of the sums or transactions resulting from an offense punishable by more than one year’s imprisonment (organized crime, trafficking of various kinds, corruption, abuse of corporate assets, money laundering of all crimes and offenses, tax, social or customs fraud, etc.) or when they are related to the financing of terrorism.
The Group’s AML-CTF risk classification incorporates the five regulatory axes, such as the issue of “at-risk” countries, customer characteristics (including the status as a politically exposed person of the customer or of its effective beneficiaries for legal entities), the nature of the products or services and the distribution channels used, as well as the type of transactions.
The transactions of high AML-CTF risk customers are subject to particular vigilance. The Group’s system (guidelines and automated (alert generating) scenarios) is regularly updated and adapted to changes in risks, particularly those related to the financing of terrorism.
With respect to compliance with national, European or foreign sanctions, Group institutions are equipped with screening tools that generate alerts on customers (asset freezes on certain individuals or entities) and international flows (asset freezes and countries subject to European and/or US embargoes). Groupe BPCE also has a central alert processing team and has recently improved its customer and transaction screening tools. In order to strengthen the effectiveness of their processing, a dedicated face-to-face training module has been set up.
The tool for detecting politically exposed persons has been optimized since 2021 to improve efficiency and reliability.
With regard to the updating of KYC according to the risks of money laundering and terrorist financing, following the remediation action carried out in 2021 on customers presenting a high risk, various actions targeting certain categories of customers were carried out during 2022.
The exchange of intra-group information has been extended since 2021 to the various categories of customers presenting a high AML/CFT risk.
Operational expertise certifications in terms of AML-FT financial security were issued in 2022 to employees of the sector concerned, as part of the expertise program rolled out in 2021. The high percentage of success in this examination by employees of the sector attests to the quality of their expertise, and in general by the sector. New registrations were opened for the 2023 fiscal year.
|
2022 |
2021 |
Percentage of employees trained in their entity’s anti-money laundering policies and procedures (based on reports from the entities)(1) |
88% |
93% |
(1)
Number of employees (on permanent, fixed-term or work-study contracts) who received anti-money laundering training within the last two years, as of December 31. |
Groupe BPCE has set up a common system to combat internal fraud, non-compliance with internal rules and breaches of ethics, in line with the Group’s Code of Conduct and Ethics. This system makes it possible to meet the requirements of the supervisory authorities and to pool the resources and work carried out by the establishments. It is formalized in a framework procedure and consists of the following elements:
requests for detection, in particular of potentially fraudulent transactions of which vulnerable customers could be victims, supplemented by additional sources for reporting alerts;
awareness-raising and information tools (depending on their specific nature, the banks may implement their own awareness-raising actions);
Although it mainly operates in France through its retail banking networks, Groupe BPCE also operates abroad through its subsidiary Natixis.
In this respect, the Group’s establishment abroad is justified by the need for commercial support for its clients, which excludes any consideration of offshore operations due to the existence of preferential tax regimes in certain jurisdictions. Groupe BPCE’s tax policy is determined by BPCE SA. However, Group companies are responsible for its implementation in their respective activities.
Groupe BPCE ensures its full compliance with all tax regulations applicable to its activities. Groupe BPCE has implemented procedures to monitor the activities of these business lines as well as dedicated training modules.
Groupe BPCE ensures that it pays its fair share to public finances. Worldwide, the amount of income tax for fiscal year 2022 for Groupe BPCE amounted to €1,726 million, it being specified that current tax amounted to €1,855 million, plus bank taxes and contributions amounting to €810 million. Thus, the effective tax rate is 30% (income tax/net income before tax).
In 2022, Groupe BPCE continued to solicit the tax authorities to secure the tax treatment of corporate tax and VAT transactions as part of the fiscal partnership with the French Ministry of Public Action and Accounts active since 2019. This regular and transparent dialogue with the administration covered various areas of tax law and included large-scale financial transactions. Groupe BPCE was the first bank to be admitted to this new system.
France has, by an order of March 2, 2022 published in the Official Journal on March 16, 2022, updated its list of non-cooperative states and territories (hereafter “ETNC”).
Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Panama, Seychelles, Vanuatu, Fiji, Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Samoa, Trinidad and Tobago, Palau, Dominica, The Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands.
It should be noted that the French list of ETNCs is now identical to the EU list with the sole exception of the British Virgin Islands, which remain on the French list but not on the EU list.
The Group is not present in the ETNCs, with the very marginal exception of the territories of Fiji and Vanuatu. These locations meet the needs of customers for commercial support.
This situation of a marginal presence in these non-cooperative countries and territories was noted by a study by Eurotax Observatory published on September 21, 2021 on the establishments in low-taxed states of 36 European banking groups over the period 2014-2020.
This study notes that only 2.2% of Groupe BPCE’s profits are made in countries or territories with low taxation rates, compared to an average of 20% for the other European banks in the study.
The same study noted that Groupe BPCE’s effective tax rate is 30%, placing it among the highest among European banks. Indeed, the average effective tax rate of the European banking groups was 20% and the lowest observed was 10%.
Groupe BPCE does not directly support any specific political party, whether in the form of donations, sponsorship or any other means. The Group is strictly neutral in political matters. On the other hand, as a leading banking player in France, Groupe BPCE establishments contribute to the financing of public life, in accordance with the strict legislative and regulatory framework existing in France in this area, and in compliance with the rules on KYC, Anti-Money Laundering (AML), and Politically Exposed Persons (PEP). Its involvement is therefore at two levels:
as account keeper: the Group’s institutions comply with the obligations of Articles L. 52-6 and L.52-6-1 of the French Electoral Code, which stipulate in particular that any fiscal agent appointed by their candidate during an election campaign is entitled to open a campaign account, and to the necessary means of payment as supplied by the bank keeping the account. This principle is applied directly by the banking institution when it has accepted the opening of an account, or as part of a forced Banque de France procedure. As a reminder, the control of this right to hold an account is ensured in France by the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution (ACPR), the French prudential supervisory authority for the banking and insurance sector. Finally, it should be noted that, at the end of the election, the accounts of the agent are appended to the candidate’s campaign account, which will ultimately be submitted to the control of the National Commission for Political Campaigns and Financing (CNCCFP);
as a provider of financing: via loans granted to candidates who are natural persons who have applied to the institution. These loans are granted in accordance with the rules in force in banks, in accordance with national and European legislation and regulations. In this respect, as with all loans, our institutions apply a risk and responsible lending policy, combined with an analysis of the borrower’s creditworthiness, its personal ability to repay and a guarantee (personal or third-party, real property, pledging of securities, borrower insurance, etc.). In addition, due to the specific nature of the financing, the institutions also take into account the expenditure ceiling, as well as the uncontrollable risk of invalidation of campaign accounts and non-reimbursement to the candidates concerned of a portion of the costs by the French government. Lastly, as with account management, institutions ensure compliance with anti-money laundering and Politically Exposed Persons (PEP) rules.
Lastly, Groupe BPCE is in constant contact with the mediation of loans to candidates and political parties set up by Article 28 of act No. 2017-1339 of September 15, 2017, for Trust in Political Life.
As a cooperative bank committed to serving its cooperative shareholder customers, in the very heart of the regions, Groupe BPCE’s establishments intend to make a constructive contribution to the public debate by providing decision-makers and civil society with information on socio-economic changes at the regional, national or international level, as well as in the banking sector and its developments. Groupe BPCE’s objective is to actively contribute to the reflection and to participate as a stakeholder in collective, fair and informed decision-making. Groupe BPCE’s lobbying initiatives are therefore strictly within this framework. In terms of lobbying, in addition to respecting its ethical rules and its cooperative values, BPCE applies all the regulations in force, as well as all the codes of ethics with which its public contacts, and the various financial market associations of which it is a member, are required to comply.
In addition, in France, BPCE is registered in the “AGORA” Lobbyist Register, in accordance with the legal obligations arising from Law No. 2016-1691 of December 9, 2016, Regarding Transparency, the Fight against Corruption, and Modernization of Economic Life, as well as the directives of the High Authority for Transparency in Public Life (HATVP). In this context, Groupe BPCE reports on its actions, commitments and expenses to the HATVP with the information required by law (https://www.hatvp.fr/fiche-organisation/?organisation=493455042).
Lastly, at the European level, Groupe BPCE is also listed in the European Commission transparency register. As a reminder, this register is a database that lists organizations that attempt to influence the law-making and policy implementation process of the EU institutions (https://ec.europa.eu/transparencyregister/public/consultation/displaylobbyist.do? id = 179370613236-62).
2.6 CSR reporting methodologies
2.6.1 CSR reporting structure
Sustainable development indicators based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines are used to complete the non-financial performance statement, in line with the ESG risk analysis performed by the Group in 2022. The indicator guidelines were also updated to incorporate regulatory changes, the expectations of our stakeholders (rating agencies, investors, NGOs, etc.), feedback from CSR officers in charge of reporting, and the recommendations of the independent third party for fiscal year 2022.
Environmental transition indicators are business line indicators collected from centralized databases by network and by entity. Indicators on outstanding renewable energy loans are collected from the Business lines.
The environmental indicators linked to the carbon footprint are collected from the CSR correspondents of the entities, in collaboration with their general resources and IS department correspondents via the SPIDER data entry tool.
The methodological approach adopted for the construction of the carbon footprint is that of the ISO 14064 standard. Data are collected annually by each entity’s CSR officers, and are reported in the COGNOS tool, rolled out in 2015.
Most of the emissions factors are based on those set by the French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) and are updated annually. In accordance with the general principles of carbon accounting, the integration of emission factors specific to Groupe BPCE is encouraged in the following cases:
to replace ADEME’s emissions factors (or factors from any other public or semi-public source) when they are not relevant or sufficiently detailed.
In 2022, work has been carried out to refine the carbon footprint data in order to improve the quality of the indicators monitored since 2019, to extend the monitoring of carbon emissions to certain indicators such as smartphones, tablets, etc., to take into account the lifespan for the depreciation of IT equipment rather than accounting depreciation, to encourage the extension of the period of use, to take into account changes in the Group’s organization, and to ensure the monitoring of carbon emissions according to a finer granularity of the subsidiaries of certain entities. The data for 2019 and 2021 were aligned accordingly.
No major changes were made to the human resources indicators so as to ensure stability and to allow for comparison.
Human resources data (excluding training) are extracted from two centralized information systems managed by the HR DATA and Analyses service center. They are “My Link RH” for companies in the Caisse d’Epargne network, and the “Perse” data center for all other entities.
The data extracted from the two information systems is verified following a regular control process at Group level, according to the human resources indicators published in the Universal registration document (URD).
Not all of the Group’s workforce is included in the HRIS. In order to obtain the total workforce for the Group, the HR DATA and Analysis service center collects workforce data from the companies concerned, performs a first-level control based on the files received and carries out a manual consolidation. The workforce excluding Group HRIS represents 5% of the Group’s total workforce.
Permanent contracts include work-study contracts with an indefinite term. Fixed-term contracts include fixed-term work-study contracts (professionalization contracts and apprenticeships). Employees included in the headcount at December 31 of each year include those departing on that date and those whose contracts have been suspended.
New hires data refer to new hires on permanent and fixed-term contracts signed between January 1, and December 31, including work-study contracts (professionalization and apprenticeships).
Departures data include staff on permanent contracts leaving between December 31 of the previous year and December 30 of the current year broken down by reason: dismissal, resignation, departure during a trial period, mutually-agreed termination, transfer within the Group and retirement. The departure rate corresponds to the number of departures among permanent staff in year N divided by the total number of permanent staff at December 31 in year N-1.
Since the migration of the Caisses d’Epargne to the My Link HR information system, the Group HRIS is unable to count the movements of employees on fixed-term contracts who have had several successive contracts. In 2021, around ten Caisses d’Epargne were affected by this anomaly.
In view of this difficulty, indicators relating to hiring and departures are only published for permanent contracts (work-study students included).
Entries and exits in the context of transfers between different Group companies are taken into account in the new hires and departures totals for the year.
Absenteeism figures are calculated at December 31 of year N, based on absences recorded at that date and recorded in the HR information system at the time of data extraction for the scope under review.
Absenteeism is calculated as per the Group human resources data. It corresponds to the ratio between the number of days of absence in year N and the number of days due to be worked in the same year.
The “pandemic” absenteeism rate takes into account all absences linked to the Covid epidemic (illness-pandemic, medical emergency absences, partial activity, childcare, etc.).
The indicators relating to training have been extracted from the “Click and Learn” training information system and concern all attributable training sessions provided in year N and validated by the training departments of the companies in the scope in question on the date of data extraction. Employees are counted in the professional category they occupy at the time of training.
Societal indicators are mainly indicators related to the funding granted to local authorities, social housing players and the social and solidarity economy. Data are extracted from centralized databases. Their accuracy is regularly verified at Group level. Indicators related to patronage, microloans and cooperative identity are provided by the two networks’ federations and by the Group’s outside partners (Adie, France Active, Initiative France). Procurement indicators are provided by BPCE Achats.
The financing of the environmental transition for the Banque Populaire (excluding BRED) and Caisse d’Epargne networks comprises two main categories of assets financed: the transition projects of our customers and the renewal of the French real estate portfolio.
These “green” assets, which contribute to the energy and environmental transition of our individual and corporate customers, are identified by the Finance department as part of the “green arrow” system (see paragraph 2.3.3 Sustainable Refinancing: innovation and active presence on the green or social bond market). This system makes it possible to justify the issuance of green bonds or the collection of “green” balance sheet savings.
The first category of assets financed, transition projects, focuses on the following areas: energy renovation of housing, green mobility, support for the transition of our corporate customers’ activities (including sustainable agriculture) and renewable energy.
The second category of financing, new real estate, includes real estate loans involved in the acquisition or construction of a new property.
The Group’s business model is presented in the introductory Chapter of the universal registration document. It presents our main activities, our business model, what sets us apart and our ambitions in line with the BPCE 2024 strategic plan. The business model is updated each year as necessary.
CSR reporting is organized by the Group CSR division, which coordinates the required tasks each year (updating the guidelines, indicators and user guides; advising the banks on the drafting of their own annual CSR report; etc.).
Like every year, it worked with the Group’s operational divisions (IT, human resources, Real Estate & Logistics, Purchasing, etc.) and federations (FNBP, FNCE) in order to make better use of centralized databases.
Various actions were carried out in 2022 with the collaboration of the Group’s business lines to support the institutions in the preparation of their non-financial performance statement and to promote the appropriation of this new exercise within the Group’s entities:
training of new CSR correspondents in the regulatory and methodological aspects of the Carbon Footprint;
presentation of the 2022 CSR reporting exercise to the CSR correspondents of the various contributing entities;
a meeting to present the results of the previous reporting campaign and the areas for improvement,
a one-day presentation of the updates to the new CSR reporting campaign to the entities’ CSR correspondents and in the presence of the OTI,
three conference calls attended by nearly all of the sustainable development officers to provide advice and answer questions about the non-financial performance statement and the collection of CSR data.
The following topics are considered relevant in terms of the bank’s indirect impacts: circular economy, reducing food waste, combating food poverty, improving animal welfare and ensuring responsible, fair, sustainable food supplies.
These topics are not addressed in specific paragraphs in this report but are covered by the bank’s ESG risk analysis procedures. For its lending business, these topics are covered in sector policies. For investment and asset management activities, they are covered by the ESG ratings methodologies for fund management.
The rating matrix presents 13 major non-financial risks and allows the rating of gross risks according to criteria of frequency and severity over three years.
The user guide for all contributors to Group CSR reporting was updated for the 2022 fiscal year. It specifies the following for the universal registration document (URD) and for each entity (annual management report or URD):
the reporting process, including the precise scope, the rules for extrapolating incomplete data, the consolidation rules and the information control process;
This guide also relies on a CSR reporting standard that specifies all of the indicators published, their definitions, their units, the corresponding GRI reference, their sources, how they are calculated and collected, and examples of controls to carry out.
The Group carbon footprint user guide was also updated in 2021. The guide is intended to promote the carbon-review system. The purpose of this guide is to:
offer a uniform presentation of the reporting rules for Groupe BPCE’s greenhouse gas emissions reviews (reporting period, scope, extrapolation rules, etc.);
enable departments to establish action plans for carbon reduction while meeting the requirements of Article 75 of the Grenelle 2 act, which concerns greenhouse gas emissions reviews and the Local Climate-Energy Plan (“PCET”).
The published data covers the period from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. Where physical data are not comprehensive for the period, contributors make approximate calculations to estimate the value of the missing data from average ratios provided by Groupe BPCE (in the user guides) based on FTEs and/or the surface area covered. The contributors review the estimates used and send their comments along with the information provided and approved by the Group.
Groupe BPCE has chosen to communicate this year on pro forma figures for the years prior to 2022, taking into account the improvement in data quality and the changeover to the life-cycle depreciation method for IT equipment.
The “Non-financial information quality control framework” defines the organization of the control system for non-financial information within Groupe BPCE, and describes the main policies in place on this subject. It applies to all Groupe BPCE entities in the consolidated scope: the central institution, its direct and indirect subsidiaries, all BPCE affiliates and their subsidiaries.
Each entity is responsible for the accuracy of its CSR data. The same applies to Groupe BPCE’s operational divisions.
2.7 Report of one of the Statutory Auditors, appointed as independent third party, on the verification of the consolidated non-financial performance statement
This is a free English translation of the report by one of the Statutory Auditors issued in French and is provided solely for the convenience of English-speaking readers. This report should be read in conjunction with, and construed in accordance with, French law and professional standards applicable in France.
In our capacity as Statutory Auditor of BPCE SA (hereinafter the “Company”), appointed as independent third party (“third party”) and accredited by the French Accreditation Committee (Cofrac), under number 3-1886 rév. 0 (Cofrac Inspection Accreditation, scope available at www.cofrac.fr), we have conducted procedures to express a limited assurance conclusion on the historical information (observed or extrapolated) in the consolidated non-financial performance statement, prepared in accordance with the Company’s procedures (hereinafter the “Guidelines”), for the year ended December 31, 2022 (hereinafter the “Information” and the “Statement”, respectively), presented in the Group management report pursuant to the legal and regulatory provisions of Articles L. 225-102-1, R. 225-105 and R. 225-105-1 of the French Commercial Code (code de commerce).
Based on our procedures as described in the section “Nature and scope of procedures” and the evidence we have obtained, no material misstatements have come to our attention that cause us to believe that the non-financial performance statement does not comply with the applicable regulatory provisions and that the Information, taken as a whole, is not fairly presented in accordance with the Guidelines.
Without qualifying the conclusion expressed above and in accordance with Article A. 225-3 of the French Commercial Code, we make the following comments:
The indicators of average outstanding financing for transition projects and for real estate renewal relating to the financing of the environmental transition have been subject to a change in methodology for fiscal year 2022 and cannot be compared with data from previous years.
As explained in the methodological note (Chapter 2.6 “CSR reporting methodologies”), the reporting scope for human resources and environmental (carbon footprint) indicators does not cover all the Group’s employees.
The absence of a generally accepted and commonly used reference framework or established practices on which to base the assessment and measurement of the Information enables the use of different but acceptable measurement techniques that may impact comparability between entities and over time.
Accordingly, the Information must be read and interpreted with reference to the Guidelines, summarized in the Statement and available on the Company’s website or on request from its headquarters.
The Information may be subject to uncertainty inherent to the state of scientific and economic knowledge and the quality of external data used. Some information is sensitive to the choice of methodology and the assumptions or estimates used for its preparation and presented in the Statement.
preparing a Statement pursuant to legal and regulatory provisions, including a presentation of the business model, a description of the main non-financial risks, a presentation of the policies implemented with respect to these risks as well as the outcomes of these policies, including key performance indicators and the information set-out in Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 (Green taxonomy);
implementing such internal control as it determines is necessary to enable the preparation of Information that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
the compliance of the Statement with the requirements of Article R. 225-105 of the French Commercial Code;
the fairness of the information provided pursuant to part 3 of sections I and II of Article R. 225-105 of the French Commercial Code, i.e. the outcomes of policies, including key performance indicators, and measures relating to the main risks, hereinafter the “Information.”
As it is our responsibility to issue an independent conclusion on the information prepared by management, we are not authorized to participate in the preparation of the Information, as this could compromise our independence.
the Company’s compliance with other applicable legal and regulatory provisions (particularly with regard to the information set-out in Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 (Green taxonomy), the duty of vigilance and the fight against corruption and tax evasion);
We performed the work described below in accordance with our audit verification program in application of Articles A. 225-1 et seq. of the French Commercial Code, the professional guidance issued by the French Institute of Statutory Auditors (Compagnie Nationale des Commissaires aux Comptes) relating to this engagement and with the international standard ISAE 3000 (revised - Assurance engagements other than audits or reviews of historical financial information).
Our independence is defined by Article L. 822-11-3 of the French Commercial Code and French Code of Ethics for Statutory Auditors (Code de déontologie). In addition, we have implemented a system of quality control including documented policies and procedures aimed at ensuring compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, ethical requirements and the professional guidance issued by the French Institute of Statutory Auditors (Compagnie Nationale des Commissaires aux Comptes) relating to this engagement.
Our work engaged the skills of six people between November 2022 and March 2023 and took a total of about fifteen weeks.
To assist us in conducting our work, we referred to our corporate social responsibility and sustainable development experts. We conducted around twenty interviews with people responsible for preparing the Statement.
This work involved the use of information and communication technologies allowing the work and interviews to be carried out remotely, without hindering the good execution of the verification process.
We planned and performed our work taking account of the risk of material misstatement of the Information.
We consider that the procedures conducted in exercising our professional judgement enable us to express a limited assurance conclusion:
We familiarized ourselves with the activities of all companies in the consolidation scope and the description of the principal risks.
We assessed the suitability of the Guidelines with respect to their relevance, completeness, reliability, neutrality and clarity, taking into account, where appropriate, best practices within the sector.
We verified that the Statement covers each category of information stipulated in section III of Article L. 225-102-1 governing social and environmental affairs, respect for human rights and the fight against corruption and tax evasion.
We verified that the Statement provides the information required under Article R.225-105 II of the French Commercial Code where relevant with respect to the principal risks, and includes, where applicable, an explanation for the absence of the information required under Article L.225-102-1 III, paragraph 2 of the French Commercial Code.
We verified that the Statement presents the business model and a description of the principal risks associated with the activities of all the consolidated entities, including where relevant and proportionate, the risks associated with their business relationships, their products or services, as well as their policies, measures and the outcomes thereof, including key performance indicators associated to the principal risks.
assess the process used to identify and confirm the principal risks as well as the consistency of the outcomes, including the key performance indicators used, with respect to the principal risks and the policies presented; and
corroborate the qualitative information (measures and outcomes) that we considered to be the most important(1); our work was carried out on the consolidating entity, while for other risks, our work was carried out on the consolidating entity and on a selection of entities.
We verified that the Statement covers the consolidated scope, i.e. all companies within the consolidation scope in accordance with Article L. 233-16, with the limits specified in the Statement.
(1) |
Selected qualitative information: The following chapters and sub-chapters were qualitatively reviewed : Chapter 2.2.7 ” Groupe BPCE places the climate at the heart of its strategy and incorporates ESG criteria in its processes ” and the following related subchapters ” Exclusion policies in sensitive sectors ” , “ Incorporation of ESG criteria into financing activities ” and the paragraph ” Remuneration of Groupe BPCE executives indexed to CSR criteria “. |
We obtained an understanding of internal control and risk management procedures implemented by the Company and assessed the data collection process aimed at ensuring the completeness and fairness of the Information.
For the key performance indicators and other quantitative outcomes(1) that we considered to be the most important, we implemented:
analytical procedures that consisted in verifying the correct consolidation of collected data as well as the consistency of changes thereto;
substantive tests, on a sample basis and using other selection methods, that consisted in verifying the proper application of definitions and procedures and reconciling data with supporting documents. These procedures were conducted for a selection of contributing entities(2) and covered between 6% and 100% of the consolidated data selected for these tests.
We assessed the overall consistency of the Statement in relation to our knowledge of all the entities included in the scope of consolidation.
The procedures conducted in a limited assurance review are substantially less in scope than those required to issue a reasonable assurance opinion in accordance with the professional guidelines of the French National Institute of Statutory Auditors (Compagnie Nationale des Commissaires aux Comptes); a higher level of assurance would have required us to carry out more extensive procedures.
(1) |
Selected quantitative information: Illness-related absenteeism ; Number of workplace and commute injuries (change) ; Number of hours of training per FTE ; Conversion rate of apprentices ; Annual CO2 emissions ; Number of institutions incorporating ESG criteria in their credit files ; Average outstanding financing for transition projects ; Average outstanding real estate renewal financing ; Green Weighting Factor (GWF) color mix ; GWF coverage ; Amounts of renewable energy projects arranged by Natixis per year : number of new operations in 2022 and installed capacity ; Amount and share of NIM affiliates’ assets under management in Art 8 and 9 ; Amount and share of NIM affiliates’ labeled assets under management ; Temperature of BPCE Assurances’ investment portfolios. |
2.8 Cross-reference table of the main social, environmental and societal information
Major gross ESG risks(1) |
GRI 4 equivalent |
Global Compact |
Sustainable development Goals |
Section |
Business ethics |
G4-56; G4-41; G4-SO4 and FS4 |
10 |
16 |
2.5.1 |
Data security |
G4-PR8 |
|
|
2.5.2 |
Lasting relations with customers |
FS3; FS5; G4-PR8; G4-24; G4-26 |
|
|
2.2.4 |
Financing the energy transition |
G4-EC2; FS1; G4-EN27; FS15 |
8, 9 |
6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 |
2.3 |
Working conditions |
G4-LA4; G4-LA5; G4-LA6; G4-LA8; G4-HR4; G4-HR5; G4-HR6 |
3 |
3, 4, 8, 16 |
2.4.4 |
Employability and transformation of jobs |
G4-LA9; G4-LA10 |
3 |
4, 8, 13 |
2.4.4 |
ESG risks |
G4-EC2; G4-EN27; FS1; FS2; FS3; FS11; |
7, 8 |
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 |
2.3.1 |
Financing for local regions |
G4-EN27; G4-EN28; G4-EN29; G4-EN30; G4-EC7; FS8; FS7 |
|
2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16 |
2.2.2 |
Regional footprint |
G4-SO1; G4-SO2; G4-9; FS13; G4-EC1; G4-EC9 |
|
1, 2, 8, 9 |
2.2.2 |
Inclusive finance |
FS7; FS14; FS16; G4-9 |
|
1, 8, 10, 11 |
2.2.3 |
Customer protection |
G4-PR5 |
|
|
2.5.2 |
Diversity among employees |
G4-10; G4-LA1; G4-HR3; G4-HR8 |
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
5, 8, 10 |
2.4.5 |
Voting rights |
G4-16; FS5 |
|
|
2.2.5 |
(1)
Based on the risk analysis performed in Section 2.1.3 pursuant to directive 2014/95/EU, enacted into French law by Ministerial Order No. 2017-1180 of July 19, 2017 and Decree No. 2017-1265 of August 9, 2017, amending Articles L. 225-102-1 and R. 225-104 to R. 225-105-2 of the French Commercial Code initially established by Article 225 of the Grenelle 2 act of 2010 and its 2012 implementing decree. |
3.1 Introduction
In addition to the management report and in accordance with Article L. 225-68 of the French Commercial Code, this report by the Supervisory Board contains information on:
the composition of the Supervisory Board and implementation of the principle of balanced representation of women and men;
the conditions governing the preparation and organization of the Supervisory Board’s work during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022;
the principles and rules governing the determination of all types of remuneration and benefits granted to corporate officers.
3.2 Corporate Governance Code
In preparing this report, BPCE referred to the Corporate Governance Code for listed companies published in December 2008 and revised in December 2022 by the French Association of Private Enterprises (Association française des entreprises privées – AFEP) and the Movement of French Enterprises (Mouvement des entreprises de France – MEDEF), hereinafter referred to as the AFEP-MEDEF Code, as set out in Article L. 225-68 of the French Commercial Code.
Only certain provisions were not followed, insofar as they are not deemed to apply to BPCE’s operating procedures as the central institution of a cooperative group and its equal ownership by the Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne networks, which is reflected in the composition of its Board. These provisions were as follows: terms of office, the proportion of independent directors on the Supervisory Board and its committees, Board member ownership of a material number of shares and the publication of the CEO pay ratio.
Regarding terms of office, unlike the maximum four-year term recommended in the AFEP-MEDEF Code, the statutory term of office of BPCE Supervisory Board members is six years, i.e. the maximum permitted by law. The benefit of a four-year term, as presented by the AFEP-MEDEF Code, is that it gives shareholders sufficiently frequent opportunity to provide an opinion on Board Member performance. However, this is unnecessary for BPCE, as its shareholders are limited to Banques Populaires and Caisses d’Epargne, which are already amply represented on the Supervisory Board, via the Chairmen of the boards of directors or Management Boards and the Chief Executive Officers of these institutions, as voting or non-voting directors. Indeed, 20 members or non-voting members of the Supervisory Board come from the 29 Banques Populaires and Caisses d’Epargne shareholders of BPCE. Accordingly, a shorter term of office would not substantially change the composition of the Supervisory Board. In addition, BPCE staggers reappointments, renewing the terms of office of half of the Supervisory Board members every three years, in order to avoid mass reappointments and promote a smooth Board member reappointment process. This gives shareholders sufficiently frequent opportunity, every three years, to provide an opinion on the Supervisory Board members, as recommended in the AFEP-MEDEF Code.
Regarding Supervisory Board member ownership of a material number of shares, BPCE’s Articles of Association take into account the fact that, in accordance with act No. 2008-776 of August 4, 2008, Supervisory Board members are no longer required to own shares in the company. As a result, BPCE Supervisory Board members do not own a material number of shares and are not shareholders in a personal capacity, but the two categories of shareholders are represented through their appointment, which ensures that the company’s interests are respected.
Concerning the proportion of independent directors on the Board and its committees, BPCE does not follow the recommendation of the AFEP-MEDEF Code, under which independent directors must represent half of the members of the Boards of companies that are not under control, as defined by Article L. 233-3 of the French Commercial Code. In fact, this recommendation is not compatible with Article L. 512-106 of the French Monetary and Financial Code, which stipulates that the representatives of cooperative shareholders proposed by the Chairmen of the Steering and Supervisory Boards of the Caisses d’Epargne and the Chairmen of the Boards of Directors of the Banques Populaires account for a majority of the Supervisory Board of BPCE. In addition to this legal rule, good governance rules result from Groupe BPCE’s unique structure: a balance of power must be maintained, as well as balanced representation of the Banque Populaire and Caisses d’Epargne networks. However, this organizational structure does not compromise the quality of the work and discussions of the Board, an objective of the AFEP-MEDEF Code recommendation.
However, BPCE wishes to demonstrate the independence of the members of its Supervisory Board representing the cooperative shareholders proposed by the Chairmen of the Steering and Supervisory Boards of the Caisses d’Epargne and the Chairmen of the Boards of Directors of the Banques Populaires. The report “Coopératives et mutuelles: un gouvernement d’entreprise original” [Cooperatives and mutual insurance companies: original corporate governance], drafted within the framework of the French Institute of Directors in January 2006, explains why the elected directors of the cooperative companies that are the Banques Populaires and the Caisses d’Epargne fully meet the definition of “independent director”. Thus, the question of “independent directors” concerns a specific type of company, which is the listed company. […] In cooperative enterprises, the form of government is radically different. […] The legitimacy and control of a mutual manager, and therefore his independence, depend on the office he holds through his election. Removing a director from the electoral process would dissociate him from the interests of the organization and its cooperative shareholders. From another perspective, it is a fact that the directors of cooperatives and mutual societies commit themselves out of conviction and not out of financial interest. They devote a significant portion of their time and energy to their responsibilities as directors. They are wide open to the local, nonprofit and/or political world. These are all characteristics that make them truly independent directors, an independence that is beyond doubt, but is continually reinforced by an authentic democratic process.
With regard to Supervisory Board Meetings, BPCE has not formalized, in its institutional agenda, the organization of an annual meeting without the presence of the executive company directors. However, in 2022, BPCE organized a meeting without the presence of the executive company directors as part of the succession of the Chairmanship of the Management Board. In addition, it is specified that no internal text of BPCE provides for the mandatory presence of executive corporate officers who attend Supervisory Board Meetings only at the invitation of its Chairman. Sometimes, part of the Supervisory Board Meetings take place without the presence of the executive company directors, in particular when decisions of the Supervisory Board or the opinions of the Board committees concerning the executive company directors are discussed.
In addition, the Fédération Nationale des Banques Populaires and the Fédération Nationale des Caisses d’Epargne, bodies that organize discussions, hear ideas and provide representation, each hold annual meetings bringing together all the Chairmen of the Boards of Directors and the Chief Executive Officers of the Banques Populaires and all the Chairmen of the Boards of Directors and Supervisory Boards of Caisses d’Epargne without the presence of Statutory Auditors and the company directors of BPCE. These meetings, which guarantee the free expression of all participants, who represent BPCE’s shareholders, promote strategic discussions and, accordingly, protect the interests of the institutions they represent.
Regarding information on company director pay, BPCE does not apply the recommendation that stipulates that information on pay ratios should be published, thereby enabling comparison of company director pay and employee pay. BPCE considers that the main objective pursued by the legislator when drafting this legal provision, which is now included in this recommendation, is to enable shareholders or investors in public companies to assess the remuneration of executives in relation to the company’s performance and the average remuneration of the company’s employees, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph b of 1 of Article 9b of Directive 2017/828 of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 17, 2017 (known as the SRD 2 Directive). In this respect, BPCE, whose shares are not listed, considers that the publication of all information relating to the variable pay of executives and the performance of BPCE and the Group is sufficient to enable shareholders and potential investors to assess whether the remuneration rewards long-term performance and to measure the evolution of the performance and remuneration of executives in the medium and long term.
Finally, with the exception of the CEO pay ratio, BPCE formally adheres to and implements the AFEP-MEDEF Code recommendations on executive pay.
Independent directors |
Recommendations partly implemented (not followed regarding proportion of independent directors on the Board) |
Board Meetings and committee meetings |
Recommendations partly implemented (not followed regarding the organization of an annual meeting without the presence of executive company directors) |
Directors’ terms of office |
Recommendations partly implemented (not followed regarding the six-year term) |
Audit Committee |
Recommendations partly implemented (not followed regarding the proportion of independent directors on the committee) |
Committee responsible for appointments |
Recommendations partly implemented (not followed regarding the proportion of independent directors on the committee) |
Committee responsible for pay |
Recommendations partly implemented (not followed regarding the proportion of independent directors on the committee) |
Shareholding obligation of company directors |
Recommendations not implemented |
Information on pay awarded to company directors |
Recommendations partially implemented (not followed with regard to the publication of the equity ratio) |
3.4 Role and operating rules of governing bodies
3.4.1 Supervisory Board
The Supervisory Board performs the duties attributed to it by law. At anytime, throught the year, it carries out all checks and controls it deems appropriate and may request any documents it regards as expedient in fulfilling its mission.
receives a report from the Management Board on the company’s business activities once every quarter;
examines and checks the parent company and consolidated financial statements prepared and presented by the Management Board within three months of the end of the fiscal year, along with a written report on the position and activities of the company and its subsidiaries during the past year;
presents to the Ordinary shareholders’ Meeting a report on corporate governance that states the makeup of the managerial and supervisory bodies, the role and operation of the governing bodies, the diversity policy applied to Supervisory Board members, the principles and rules for determining remuneration and benefits of any kind given to corporate officers, and including its observations on the management report prepared by the Management Board and the financial statements for the previous fiscal year.
appoints the other members of the Management Board, based on motions by the Chairman of the Management Board;
grants the status of Chief Executive Officer to one or more members of the Management Board, based on a motion by the Chairman of the Management Board, and withdraw said status as applicable;
proposes the appointment of the Statutory Auditors at the General shareholders’ Meeting, after they are recommended by the Audit Committee;
decides to move the registered office to another location within the same department or to an adjacent department, subject to ratification of the decision by the next Ordinary shareholders’ Meeting.
The following operations proposed by the Management Board must receive prior authorization from the Supervisory Board, acting by simple majority of its present or represented members:
authorization of any transaction(2) proposed by BPCE that is not part of the BPCE strategic plan, regardless of the transaction amount;
approval of the company’s annual budget and definition of the rules for calculating contributions due from affiliated institutions;
approval of the national and international agreements involving each of the networks and Groupe BPCE as a whole;
approval of the general criteria that must be met by the directors of Groupe BPCE’s affiliated institutions, including age limits, which may not exceed:
70 for Chairmen of Boards of Directors and Steering and Supervisory Boards, it being stipulated that no individuals may be appointed Chairman of a Board of Directors or a Steering and Supervisory Board if they cannot, on the date of first appointment, complete at least half the term as Chairman before reaching this age limit; however, the age limit remains set at 68 for offices currently held on the date of the Supervisory Board Meeting that approved the age limit set in this section;
authorization of the directors of affiliated institutions as well as the withdrawal of such authorization and all other dismissals as set out in Article L. 512-108 of the French Monetary and Financial Code;
approval of the creation or elimination of a Banque Populaire or Caisse d’Epargne, including through the merger of two or more Banques Populaires or two or more Caisses d’Epargne;
(1) |
Refers to any proposed capital investment or divestment, contribution, merger, spin-off, restructuring, joint venture or partnership by the company or its subsidiaries, and the negotiation or signing of any national or international agreements on behalf of the Caisses d’Epargne, the Banques Populaires and affiliates and, in each instance, any related or ancillary transactions. Also refers to (i) acquisitions, disposals, and equity investments or divestments by the Banques Populaires and the Caisses d’Epargne in credit institutions, financial companies, Insurance companies, investment service providers, portfolio or fund management firms, acquisitions or disposals of bank branches or branches targeting specific customer segments, whether directly or indirectly (ii) equity investments or divestments in industrial or commercial companies by the Banques Populaires and the Caisses d’Epargne; and (iii) equity investments or divestments by the Banques Populaires and the Caisses d’Epargne in companies, regardless of their form or purpose, whose articles of association or legal form entail undefined liability for the partners (not limited to the amount of their contribution). |
examination and approval of the main risk limits applicable to the Group and each network, as defined by the Management Board; regular examinations and checks on the Group’s risks, any changes therein and the systems and procedures used to control them; examination of Internal Control audits and finding, and the main conclusions of audits performed by the Group’s Inspection Générale division;
appointment of BPCE’s representatives to the Natixis Board of Directors. Representatives from the Caisses d’Epargne and from the Banques Populaires will be of identical number and will together hold, at a minimum, the majority of seats on the Board;
upon recommendation from the Appointments Committee, examination and assessment of the integrity and skills of candidates for the Supervisory Board and the non-voting directors, Chairman, and other members of the Management Board;
The following operations proposed by the Management Board are subject to the prior authorization of the Supervisory Board and a favorable vote from at least thirteen of its nineteen present or represented members:
any decision to subscribe for or acquire (or any agreement binding the company therein), by any means (including by transfer of assets to the company), securities or rights of any kind whatsoever, be they issued by a company or any other entity and directly or indirectly representing an investment or contribution of more than €1 billion;
any decision to transfer (or any agreement binding the company therein), by any means, securities or rights of any kind whatsoever held by the company and representing a divestment of more than €1 billion for the company;
any decision by the company to issue equity securities or shares giving immediate or eventual access to the company’s capital, without pre-emptive rights;
any decision relating to the admission of company shares or shares in any of its main direct or indirect subsidiaries to trading on a regulated market;
any decision to appoint the Chairman or remove the Chairman of the company’s Management Board from office;
any decision to submit to the General shareholders’ Meeting any changes to the Articles of Association with regard to the company that amend the terms of governance;
The Internal Rules of the Supervisory Board, adopted at the Board Meeting of July 31, 2009 and amended at the Board Meeting of December 20, 2018, form the Supervisory Board’s Governance Charter, which sets out its internal operating procedures, notably for the purpose of ensuring that governing bodies interact efficiently and operate smoothly.
The Internal Rules enhance the quality of the work done by Supervisory Board members by promoting the application of corporate governance principles and best practices in the interest of ethics and efficiency.
specifying the procedures for convening Supervisory Board and Supervisory Board Committee Meetings, as well as the rules under which they are to deliberate;
specifying the general and specific powers of the Board under the law, as set out in Articles 27.1 and 27.2 of the company’s Articles of Association;
specifying those instances requiring the Board’s prior approval for material transactions (“Important Decisions” and “Key Decisions”), as set out in Articles 27.3 and 27.4 of the company’s Articles of Association;
specifying the professional secrecy and confidentiality obligations binding the members of the Supervisory Board and its committees;
defining the penalties that apply in the event members of the Supervisory Board or of a committee fail to comply with any of their obligations.
The Supervisory Board’s Internal Rules are available on the BPCE website: https://groupebpce.com/en/investors/regulated-information/other-information
The Supervisory Board of BPCE adopted an Ethics and Compliance Charter for its members at its meeting of June 22, 2016. The Ethics and Compliance Charter is divided into four main Chapters that set out good governance principles, in addition to reiterating several laws and regulations.
the total number of offices held by Supervisory Board members and their availability (time spent preparing for meetings and reviewing issues);
expertise, i.e. consolidation of knowledge and understanding of information that may be used in performing their duties;
duty to intervene and raise the alarm, i.e. expressing viewpoints and participating in discussions;
good credit history, which is checked by the Risk division of the institution or network in which the member also holds office, under the authority of the BPCE Risk Management division (except for independent members, whose credit history is checked using any rating either internal or external to the company in which they play a primary role);
management of inside information (with the understanding that all members are on the list of permanent insiders);
reporting of transactions in financial instruments issued by BPCE and Groupe BPCE companies (if the total exceeds €5,000 in one calendar year);
incompatibility with the duties performed on their own behalf in other investment banks or investment companies outside Groupe BPCE (unless explicitly approved by the Management Board of BPCE);
In accordance with Article 25.1 of the Articles of Association, the Supervisory Board meets as often as the company’s interests, laws and regulations require, and at least once every quarter in order to examine the Management Board’s quarterly report. Board Meetings may be convened by its Chairman, its Vice-Chairman or by one half of its members and take place at the registered office or any other location stated in the notice of meeting.
In accordance with Article L. 823-17 of the French Commercial Code, the Statutory Auditors are invited to Board Meetings examining full-year and half-year financial statements.
The BPCE Supervisory Board met 13 times between January 1 and December 31, 2022. In 2022, the average attendance rate for Supervisory Board members was 98.37%. In addition to the topics regularly discussed – quarterly reports of the Management Board, related-party agreements, approvals of executives, impact and management of the Russian-Ukrainian crisis, current events and other matters for information – the main topics discussed during the Board Meetings were as follows:
determination of the variable pay of Management Board members for fiscal year 2021 and establishment of fixed pay and the criteria (amount, trigger, qualitative and quantitative criteria) for determining the variable remuneration of Management Board members for 2022;
setting a minimum capital threshold for Groupe BPCE for the allocation of variable portions of Groupe BPCE risk takers for fiscal year 2022;
taking note of the report provided for in Article 266 of the order of November 3, 2014 on internal control concerning the policy and practices for the remuneration of risk takers;
taking note of the resignation of a member of the Management Board and appointment of a new member of the Management Board;
taking note of the resignation of a non-voting director of the Supervisory Board and appointment of a non-voting director to the board;
taking note of the resignation of the Chairman of the Management Board, monitoring of the succession process and appointment of the new Chairman of the Management Board;
modification of the levels and conditions of pay granted to the members of the Cooperative and CSR Committee;
monitoring of the Board’s self-assessment process on the basis of a questionnaire filled in by Supervisory Board members and non-voting directors and review of the report;
monitoring of the individual assessment of the suitability of the members of the Supervisory Board and the Management Board;
annual review and adoption of diversity policies applicable to Board members and Management Board members;
decision to transfer BPCE’s registered office and amendment of the Articles of Association accordingly.
approval and authorization of the proposed contribution of Natixis’ Insurance and Payments business lines to BPCE, of the Natixis capital increase in cash by issuing ordinary shares with cancellation of preferential subscription rights in favor of BPCE, of the principle of the functional reorganization and planned transfer of employees and operating resources from the Natixis Group to BPCE entities or between Groupe BPCE entities;
authorization of the acquisition by NIM of the non-controlling interests held by La Banque Postale in Ostrum AM and AEW Europe as part of the renewed industrial partnership project in asset management with La Banque Postale until the end of 2030;
authorization of the acquisition of a 22% stake in Swile’s share capital by BPCE and the acquisition of all of Bimpli’s share capital and voting rights by Swile;
presentation of the annual financial statements, as of December 31, 2021, of Groupe BPCE, BPCE SA group and BPCE SA;
presentation of the 2022 quarterly and first-half financial statements of Groupe BPCE, BPCE SA group and BPCE SA;
revision of the 2022 budget of Groupe BPCE, taking note of the bottom line for 2022 and approval of the budgets for 2023;
follow-up on the reports and investigations of the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution (ACPR), the French prudential supervisory authority for the banking and insurance sector, and the European Central Bank (ECB);
risk monitoring: monitoring of consolidated risks, forward-looking risk management approach, monitoring of the Group’s internal ceilings and limits, monitoring of risk governance and annual review and reconsideration of Groupe BPCE’s risk appetite, modification of operational limits;
annual review of the system for reporting significant incidents and assessment of the 2021 reports;
review of the annual report on the operation of the Group’s internal control (audit, risks and compliance);
examination of the annual reports on the organization of internal control systems for the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing and the freezing of assets, on a parent-company and consolidated basis, for the 2021 fiscal year;
acknowledgment of the measures taken in 2021 to ensure the control of essential outsourced services, including the monitoring of critical or important services and review of the 2022 outsourcing policy;
follow-up on the ICAAP (Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process) for 2021, the methods used within this framework and the results of internal stress tests used to determine figures for 2022;
review of the assessment of the deployment of BCBS 239 in the entities, results of the self-assessment by type of risk and annual review of the limitations;
monitoring of the environmental challenges of the 2021-2024 strategic plan with the monitoring of work and presentation of the structuring of the Group’s ESG program, the RB&I Green project, the project to reduce the own footprint of network institutions, the project to reduce GFS’ own footprint;
3.5 Rules and principles governing the determination of remuneration and benefits
3.5.1 Remuneration policy, pay components, benefits in kind, loans, guarantees and remuneration received by members of the Supervisory Board of BPCE(1)
At the meeting on May 19, 2017, the Supervisory Board set the pay for the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Supervisory Board as well as the terms for distributing pay for attendance at meetings among the Supervisory Board members. These terms and conditions were reviewed by the Supervisory Board at its meetings of March 26, 2020 and June 16, 2022.
The remuneration package for the members of the BPCE Supervisory Board was set at €800,000 for fiscal year 2021 and subsequent years by the Ordinary General Meeting of May 29, 2020. This pay is detailed in the statement regarding pay collected by the non-executive corporate officers of BPCE.
Aside from the Chairman, who receives annual fixed pay, Supervisory Board members are paid based on their attendance at meetings.
The Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Supervisory Board do not receive any additional remuneration for their participation in committees.
variable pay for each meeting attended, up to a limit of eleven meetings during the fiscal year: €1,500.
variable pay for each meeting attended, up to a limit of eleven meetings during the fiscal year: €1,200.
variable pay for each meeting attended, up to a limit of six meetings during the fiscal year: €2,400.
variable pay for each meeting attended, up to a limit of six meetings during the fiscal year: €875.
variable pay for each meeting attended, up to a limit of nine meetings during the fiscal year: €2,400.
variable pay for each meeting attended, up to a limit of nine meetings during the fiscal year: €875.
variable pay for each meeting attended, up to a limit of four meetings during the fiscal year: €1,650.
variable pay for each meeting attended, up to a limit of four meetings during the fiscal year: €600.
variable pay for each meeting attended, up to a limit of five meetings during the fiscal year: €1,650.
variable pay for each meeting attended, up to a limit of five meetings during the fiscal year: €600.
variable remuneration for each meeting attended, up to a limit of three meetings during the fiscal year: €1,650.
variable remuneration for each meeting attended, up to a limit of three meetings during the fiscal year: €600.
As a reminder, the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Supervisory Board do not receive any pay for participating in the Cooperative and CSR Committee.
Pursuant to Article 28.3 of the Articles of Association, the Supervisory Board has resolved to compensate non-voting directors by making a deduction from the pay for attendance at meetings allocated to Supervisory Board members at the General shareholders’ Meeting.
variable pay for each meeting attended, up to a limit of eleven meetings during the fiscal year: €600.
Attendance fees were eliminated by Article 185 of the PACTE act (act No. 2019-486 of May 22, 2019), which replaced them with “pay” that may be paid to directors and members of the Supervisory Board of a French limited liability company (société anonyme).
The change in legal terminology has no impact on the tax or social security charges applicable to the sums paid to directors and members of the Supervisory Board.
As such, any references to “attendance fees” below should be construed from a legal point of view as “pay.”
Attendance fees are subject to single mandatory withholding tax at the global rate of 30%, consisting of a non-discharging flat 12.80% of the income tax plus social security contributions at the global rate of 17.20%.
Taxpayers may, if they so choose, opt for the progressive income tax scale instead of the flat 12.80% when filing their tax return. This option can be used for the full amount, provided that it applies to all income and gains that fall within the scope of the single flat-rate withholding tax, which are collected or earned during a single year by all members of the tax household.
a non-exempting flat-rate withholding tax, serving as income tax, at a rate of 12.80%. This tax entitles taxpayers to a tax credit that can be applied to the tax calculated for the year in which the attendance fees are collected at either the flat rate or using the progressive scale, as per their choice. Taxpayers may ask to be exempted from this withholding if they provide the attendance fee distributing company with a sworn statement that the baseline tax income thresholds set out by law have been met, no later than November 30 of the year preceding the year in which the attendance fees are paid,
social security charges at rates applicable on the date of the levy (17.20% since January 1, 2018, including a CSG [contribution sociale généralisée – general social security tax] of 6.8% deductible from taxable income for the year of the payment, if the taxpayer has opted for the progressive scale),
declaration of attendance fees on the 2042 income tax return and taxation at the flat rate of 12.80% or, optionally, using the progressive income tax scale. The tax credit attributed for the non-exempting flat withholding tax is determined in this way.
Other pay consists of total pay for attendance at meetings received by corporate officers in respect of their duties on the boards of Group companies during the period in question.
Each payment relates to the corporate officer’s presence at Board Meetings and is calculated on the basis of the total budget for attendance at meetings set by each company’s General Meeting.
|
2021 fiscal year |
2022 fiscal year |
||
Amounts due(3) |
Amounts paid(4) |
Amounts due(3) |
Amounts paid(4) |
|
Thierry Cahn Chairman of the Supervisory Board |
|
|
|
|
Annual fixed pay |
€238,709.65 |
€238,709.65 |
€400,000.00 |
€400,000.00 |
Other pay |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Éric Fougère Vice-Chairman of the Supervisory Board |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€67,800.80 |
€67,800.80 |
€96,500.00 |
€96,500.00 |
Other pay |
€3,400.00 |
€3,400.00 |
€4,000.00 |
€4,000.00 |
Caisse d’Epargne representatives |
|
|
|
|
Catherine Amin-Garde |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€24,700.00 |
€24,700.00 |
€27,700.00 |
€27,700.00 |
Other pay |
€9,000.00 |
€9,900.00 |
€9,000.00 |
€9,000.00 |
Alain Di Crescenzo |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€18,388.71 |
€18,388.71 |
€27,700.00 |
€27,700.00 |
Other pay |
€4,000.00 |
€4,000.00 |
€3,400.00 |
€3,400.00 |
Alain Denizot |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€30,025.00 |
€30,025.00 |
€30,025.00 |
€30,025.00 |
Other pay |
€9,000.00 |
€9,000.00 |
€9,000.00 |
€9,000.00 |
Françoise Lemalle |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€30,025.00 |
€30,025.00 |
€30,025.00 |
€30,025.00 |
Other pay |
€4,000.00 |
€4,000.00 |
€4,000.00 |
€4,000.00 |
Didier Patault |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€34,175.00 |
€34,175.00 |
€36,250.00 |
€36,250.00 |
Other pay |
€9,000.00 |
€17,400.00 |
€9,000.00 |
€9,000.00 |
Benoît Pellerin |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€17,566.13 |
€17,566.13 |
€27,400.00 |
€27,400.00 |
Other pay |
€4,000.00 |
€4,000.00 |
€3,400.00 |
€3,400.00 |
Pierre Valentin (Chairman of the Supervisory Board until May 27, 2021) |
|
|
|
|
Annual fixed pay |
€161,290.31 |
€161,290.31 |
N/A |
N/A |
BPCE pay |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Other pay |
€10,016.44 |
€10,016.44 |
N/A |
N/A |
Banque Populaire representatives |
|
|
|
|
Gérard Bellemon |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€27,100.00 |
€27,100.00 |
€27,700.00 |
€27,700.00 |
Other pay |
N/A |
€10,300.00 |
N/A |
N/A |
Bernard Dupouy |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€29,075.00 |
€29,075.00 |
€29,675.00 |
€29,675.00 |
Other pay |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Yves Gevin (until December 16, 2021) |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€34,175.00 |
€34,175.00 |
N/A |
N/A |
Other pay |
N/A |
€1,200.00 |
N/A |
N/A |
Michel Grass (until May 27, 2021) |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€17,037.36 |
€17,037.36 |
N/A |
N/A |
Other pay |
€2,400.00 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Daniel Karyotis |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€10,600.00 |
€10,600.00 |
€35,650.00 |
€35,650.00 |
Other pay |
€4,000.00 |
€2,800.00 |
N/A |
N/A |
Olivier Klein |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€27,950.00 |
€27,950.00 |
€26,525.00 |
€26,525.00 |
Other pay |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Catherine Mallet |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€21,400.00 |
€21,400.00 |
€21,400.00 |
€21,400.00 |
Other pay |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Marie Pic-Pâris Allavena |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€23,038.71 |
€23,038.71 |
€33,175.00 |
€33,175.00 |
Other pay |
€14,375.00 |
€12,388.00 |
N/A |
N/A |
Independent members |
|
|
|
|
Valérie Pancrazi |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€59,150.00 |
€59,150.00 |
€60,800.00 |
€60,800.00 |
Other pay |
€46,500.00 |
€48,500.00 |
€44,500.00 |
€46,500.00 |
Anne-Claude Pont |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€72,025.00 |
€72,025.00 |
€72,900.00 |
€72,900.00 |
Other pay |
€2,400.00 |
€1,200.00 |
€3,000.00 |
€2,400.00 |
Kadidja Sinz |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€65,925.00 |
€65,925.00 |
€68,325.00 |
€68,325.00 |
Other pay |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Employee representatives |
|
|
|
|
Nicolas Getti(5) |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€15,693.55 |
€15,693.55 |
€23,950.00 |
€23,950.00 |
Other pay |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Vincent Gontier(5) (until May 27, 2021) |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€13,232.93 |
€13,232.93 |
N/A |
N/A |
Other pay |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Bertrand Guyard(5) |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€16,741.13 |
€16,741.13 |
€24,550.00 |
€24,550.00 |
Other pay |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Frédéric Hassaine(5) (until May 27, 2021) |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€11,728.49 |
€11,728.49 |
N/A |
N/A |
Other pay |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Non-voting directors |
|
|
|
|
Jean Arondel (FNCE) (until May 5, 2021) |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€4,647.18 |
€4,647.18 |
N/A |
N/A |
Other pay |
€27,239.72 |
€26,039.72 |
N/A |
N/A |
Maurice Bourrigaud |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€7,787.10 |
€7,787.10 |
€10,600.00 |
€10,600.00 |
Other pay |
€9,250.00 |
€15,250.00 |
N/A |
N/A |
Sabine Calba (since December 17, 2021) |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
N/A |
N/A |
€10,600.00 |
€10,600.00 |
Other pay |
€6,000.00 |
€0.00 |
€9,750.00 |
€6,000.00 |
Pierre Carli (until April 30, 2021) |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€3,733.33 |
€3,733.33 |
N/A |
N/A |
Other pay |
€5,145.20 |
€13,200.00 |
N/A |
N/A |
Joël Chassard (until April 30, 2022) |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€10,600.00 |
€10,600.00 |
€3,133.33 |
€3,133.33 |
Other pay |
€11,000.00 |
€21,300.00 |
€2,600.00 |
€2,600.00 |
Bruno Deletré |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€7,787.10 |
€7,787.10 |
€10,600.00 |
€10,600.00 |
Other pay |
€17,800.00 |
€10,000.00 |
€3,400.00 |
€11,800.00 |
Christine Fabresse (since May 12, 2022) |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
N/A |
N/A |
€6,748.38 |
€6,748.38 |
Other pay |
N/A |
N/A |
€2,466.67 |
€2,466.67 |
Sylvie Garcelon (until May 27, 2021) |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€5,823.65 |
€5,823.65 |
N/A |
N/A |
Other pay |
€35,000.00 |
€35,000.00 |
N/A |
N/A |
Dominique Goursolle-Nouhaud |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€20,866.53 |
€20,866.53 |
€21,905.28 |
€21,905.28 |
Other pay |
€49,952.22 |
€54,452.22 |
€66,706.99 |
€66,706.99 |
André Joffre |
|
|
|
|
BPCE pay |
€27,000.00 |
€27,000.00 |
€19,894.72 |
€19,894.72 |
Other pay |
N/A |
€2,700.00 |
N/A |
N/A |
TOTAL PAY |
€1,482,934.29 |
€1,515,502.09 |
€1,357,955.37 |
€1,364,005.37 |
(1)
Amounts due in respect of 2021: all amounts owed in respect of fiscal year 2021, regardless of the date of payment. (2)
Amounts paid in 2021: all amounts paid and received in 2021 (due in 2020 and paid in 2021 and due in 2021 and paid in 2021) excluding withholding taxes (amounts actually received by members include withholding taxes). (3)
Amounts due in respect of 2022: all amounts owed in respect of fiscal year 2022, regardless of the date of payment. (4)
Amounts paid in 2022: all amounts paid and received in 2022 (due in 2021 and paid in 2022 and due in 2022 and paid in 2022) excluding withholding taxes (amounts actually received by members include withholding taxes). (5)
The two members of the Supervisory Board representing the employees have waived their BPCE remuneration in favor of their unions. N/A
Not Applicable. |
3.6 Potential conflicts of interest
3.6.1 Members of the Supervisory Board
Pursuant to Article L. 511-98 of the French Monetary and Financial Code, the integrity and expertise of all newly appointed members are subject to review by the Appointments Committee.
In accordance with the Internal Rules of BPCE’s Supervisory Board, Supervisory Board members must perform their duties with loyalty and professionalism.
They must not take any initiatives intended to harm the company’s interests and they must act in good faith in all circumstances.
Furthermore, all members of the Supervisory Board and its committees, as well as anyone who may be invited to attend their meetings, are bound by an obligation of professional secrecy, as provided for in Article L. 511-33 of the French Monetary and Financial Code and by a duty of discretion regarding their discussions and any confidential information or information presented as confidential by the Chairman of the meeting, as provided for in Article L. 225-92 of the French Commercial Code.
The Chairman of the Board stresses that the proceedings of a meeting are confidential whenever regulations or the interests of the company or the Group may require it. The Chairman of each Board Committee does the same.
The Chairman of the Board or one of its committees takes the measures necessary to ensure the confidentiality of discussions. This may require all persons taking part in a meeting to sign a confidentiality agreement.
If a member of the Board or one of its committees fails to comply with an obligation, in particular the obligation of confidentiality, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board refers the matter to the Board in order to issue a warning to said member, independently of any measures taken under the applicable legal, regulatory or statutory provisions. Said member is given advance notice of the penalties being considered, and will be able to present observations to the Supervisory Board.
attend all meetings of the Supervisory Board and the committees of which they are members, unless this is impossible;
request and make every effort to obtain, in a timely manner, the information deemed necessary to be able to hold informed discussions at Supervisory Board Meetings.
there are no potential conflicts of interest between the duties of the Supervisory Board members with regard to the issuer and other private duties or interests. If required, the Supervisory Board’s internal rules and the Ethics and Compliance Charter govern the conflicts of interest of any member of the Supervisory Board;
there is no arrangement or agreement with an individual shareholder, customer, supplier, or other, under which any of the Supervisory Board’s members has been selected;
no restriction, other than legal, is accepted by any of the Supervisory Board members regarding the disposal of their equity interest in the company.
In addition, specific conflicts of interest may arise from financial ties that may exist between the group in which an independent member exercises executive functions and BPCE.
In application of the AFEP-MEDEF Code and the EBA guidelines, financial ties are only an obstacle to the qualification of independence if they are significant.
The balanced and immaterial nature of the business relationship is assessed according to cumulative criteria relating to:
the weight of the debts and receivables of the group in which the independent member exercises his main activity vis-à-vis Groupe BPCE, in relation to its liabilities or its revenue;
the dependence of the company in which the independent member exercises executive functions on a Groupe BPCE entity with regard to its financing.
To the company’s knowledge, to date, no member of BPCE’s Supervisory Board has been convicted of fraud in the last five years. To the company’s knowledge, to date, no member of BPCE’s Supervisory Board has been declared bankrupt or in liquidation, or had assets placed in receivership, in the last five years.
4.1 Foreword
The financial data for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and the comparative data for 2021 were prepared under IFRS as adopted by the European Union and applicable at that date, excluding some provisions of IAS 39 on hedge accounting.
4.2 Significant events of 2022
4.2.1 Economic and financial environment
The global economy, which suffered an energy crisis after the pandemic, gradually ran out of steam in 2022. Gas and electricity prices were, at the peak of the increase in the summer of 2022, ten times higher than in early 2021. However, commodity prices eased in August, after the surge caused by the invasion of Ukraine on February 24, due to the economic slowdown. The economy has largely continued to benefit from the dynamic growth overhang resulting from the strong post-Covid rebound of the spring of 2021. However, it has suffered severely from a succession of new exogenous shocks, both geopolitical (war in Ukraine, Taiwan) and health, structural labor shortages and especially the spread of rampant inflation, particularly in the United States and Europe. This required unprecedented monetary tightening on both sides of the Atlantic, which accelerated in the second half of the year, resulting in a sharp bond market sell-off, worse than that of 1994. The Euro zone and France, without yet experiencing high unemployment, have therefore been increasingly threatened by stagflation, that is, a combined scenario of high inflation, persistently low growth and rising interest rates, as in the 1970s.
China, whose GDP growth was only 3%, suffered from a deep real estate crisis and the zero-Covid lockdown strategy. The US economy grew by 2%, after 5.9% in 2021, while the Euro zone’s GDP grew by 3.3%, after 5.3%, respectively. Inflation has accelerated sharply. However, it clearly peaked in June (9.1% annual rate) in the United States (+6.5% annual rate in December), less evident in October (10.6% annual rate) in the Euro zone (+9.2% annual rate in December). The annual average was 8% for the US economy and 8.4% for the Euro zone. Global trade, penalized by the disruption of value chains, the geopolitical tensions and the sanctions imposed on Russia, thus slowed down in the second quarter, as did global demand for French exports.
The French economy, driven by resilient demand and the rebound in the services sector, grew in volume terms by 2.5%, after 6.8% in 2021, while experiencing a lower inflationary surge than in most European countries, due to the rapid implementation of a tariff shield. The price index therefore only increased at an average annual rate of 5.2% in 2022, compared to 1.6% the previous year, although the December price increase was 5.9% annually for all prices and 12.1% annually for food. Inflation was initially driven by the acceleration in energy prices, but since April it has been driven by services, food and manufactured goods. The economy has moved closer to stagflation, suffering from food and energy price shocks, heightened uncertainty due to the geographic proximity of the war in Ukraine, acute supply constraints, and structural shortages of skilled or qualified labor. Beyond the effects of the past, consumption has been relatively sluggish throughout the year, due to the inflationary shock on purchasing power, which has virtually stagnated in 2022. Households have thus maintained substantial savings of 16.7% of their income, above the pre-pandemic level, although lower than in 2020 and 2021, despite the continued decline in the unemployment rate (7.3%) and still robust net job creation. Business investment has been resilient. However, it has begun to suffer from the expected decline in manufacturing activity, the slowdown in services and, more generally, the geopolitical context, energy uncertainty and rising interest rates. On the other hand, exports made a negative contribution to growth, as imports rose sharply, mainly due to shipments of foreign capital goods and energy products, the latter at an all-time high in volume. Finally, the public deficit, at around 5% of GDP, after 6.4% in 2021, remained high, due to the purchasing power support plans.
The inflationary drift, and the risks of unanchoring price expectations, have forced central banks to normalize their monetary policies by raising key rates and reducing their balance sheets, even if it means causing a recession. This marked monetary shift was initiated more by the US Federal Reserve (Fed), the Bank of England and the central banks of emerging economies than by the Bank of Japan and the ECB. The Fed raised its key rates very quickly seven times since March, the most brutal since the Volcker era, by 425 basis points in total, to a range between 4.25% and 4.5%. It also ended its asset purchases and decided to gradually reduce its balance sheet. The ECB also ended its asset purchase program on July 1. It only began to raise its interest rates, the fastest in its history, from July, in a context where the origin of the price increases was more energy and supply chain disruptions. value than strong domestic demand. However, faced with the trend of the euro depreciating below par with the dollar, leading to imported inflation, it increased its main key rates by 250 basis points in total on four occasions, in July, September and October. December, notably to raise the refinancing rate to 2.5%. At the end of October, it also raised the interest rate applicable to TLTRO 3 transactions and set the return on bank reserves at the deposit facility rate, in order to reduce the windfall effects through these last two measures.
The monetary tightening and inflation drove long-term rates up sharply on both sides of the Atlantic, while increasing interest rate differentials between the Euro zone countries, particularly between Germany and Italy. Very violent market movements took the 10-year OAT to 3.1% on December 30, 2022, compared to 0.194% on December 31, 2021, i.e. an increase of more than 290 basis points in just one year. This increase was even faster than that in 1994. This phenomenon, beyond the fluctuations, caused a real bond market crash on both sides of the Atlantic. The price of bonds fell by 20% in the space of one year for European securities with maturities between 7 and 10 years. The spread in favor of the United States in the short and long term, which has widened, was the main driver of the depreciation of the yen and the euro against the dollar. The euro moved from more than $1.2 in June 2021 to $1.07 on December 30, 2022 while being temporarily below parity at $0.96 on September 26, 2022. After reaching record highs, the stock markets, which have become more volatile, suffered from the rise in uncertainty and especially the increase in long-term interest rates. In parallel with the bond market crash, the Dow Jones fell by 8.7% and the Nasdaq by 33.1%. The CAC 40 lost 9.5% to 6,473.8 points on December 30, 2022, compared to 7,153 points on December 31, 2021, but after reaching a low of 5,676.9 points on September 29.
4.3 Groupe BPCE financial data
4.3.1 Groupe BPCE results
Groupe BPCE reported revenue of €25.7 billion, stable compared to 2021 and net income of €4 billion.
in millions of euros |
Groupe BPCE |
|||
2022 |
2021 |
Chg. 2022/2021 |
||
€m |
% |
|||
Net banking income |
25,705 |
25,716 |
(11) |
(0.0%) |
Operating expenses |
(18,077) |
(17,840) |
(237) |
1.3% |
Gross operating income |
7,628 |
7,876 |
(248) |
(3.1%) |
Cost/income ratio |
70.3% |
69.4% |
- |
1.0pt |
Cost of risk |
(2,000) |
(1,783) |
(217) |
12.2% |
Share in income of equity-accounted associates |
24 |
212 |
(188) |
(88.6%) |
Net income (expense) from other assets |
336 |
(82) |
418 |
N/S |
Value adjustments on goodwill |
(241) |
- |
(241) |
N/S |
Income before tax |
5,748 |
6,224 |
(476) |
(7.6%) |
Income tax |
(1,726) |
(1,946) |
220 |
(11.3%) |
Non-controlling interests (minority interests) |
(71) |
(280) |
209 |
(74.7%) |
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO EQUITY HOLDERS OF THE PARENT - EXCL. COFACE NET CONTRIBUTION |
3,951 |
3,998 |
(47) |
(1.2%) |
Net contribution by Coface |
- |
(5) |
5 |
N/S |
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO EQUITY HOLDERS OF THE PARENT |
3,951 |
4,003 |
(52) |
(1.3%) |
At December 31, 2022, Groupe BPCE’s net banking income amounted to €25.7 billion, stable compared to 2021, thanks to the performance of the business lines, enabling the Group to post very good resilience despite an economic and financial environment impacted by high inflation and a rapid rise in interest rates. The Group is once again demonstrating its ability to create value by maintaining dynamic commercial activity in its business lines. Retail banking, for example, performed well through the networks but also through the Insurance, Financial Solutions & Expertise and Digital & Payments Solutions businesses. Global Financial Services’ revenues are resilient in a challenging environment.
Retail Banking and Insurance, with its solid model anchored in the heart of the regions and by continuing to develop its business with a sector diversification strategy, posted net banking income up by 2.4% to €18 billion despite the first effects of the increase in regulated savings rates for the networks.
Loan outstandings increased by 8% year-on-year to €701 billion at the end of December 2022, with home loans up 8%, equipment loans up 8%, and consumer loans up 7%.
At the end of December 2022, on-balance sheet customer deposits and savings excluding centralized regulated savings increased to €572 billion (+3.0%), with the stability of demand deposits.
The net banking income of the Global Financial Services division was down by 6.0% to €7.1 billion compared to 2021 (-10.4% at constant exchange rates) after a particularly dynamic year in 2021. The AWM and CIB divisions performed differently: AWM revenues were down by 14.4% at current exchange rates and by 19.1% at constant exchange rates in an environment marked by a significant decline in equity indices, while those of CIB held up with a limited decline of 0.9% at constant exchange rates (up 3.0% at current exchange rates). The decline in Asset & Wealth Management revenues was driven by decreases in performance fees, automatically impacted by decreases in asset values, net management and distribution fees (mainly in the United States) and financial products (unfavorable impact of the valuation of the seed money portfolio and lower dividend income). Corporate & Investment Banking net banking income, compared to 2021 at constant exchange rates, benefited from the increase in revenues from capital markets activities (+14.7%), while revenues from Financing activities were down (-6.8%) as well as revenues from Investment Banking including M&A activities (-26.6% mainly due to lower M&A activity in 2022 after a record year in 2021).
The Group’s operating expenses, at -€18.1 billion, up by 1.3% compared to 2021, were mainly impacted by an increase in taxes subject to IFRIC 21, including the contribution to the SRF (Single Resolution Fund) which increased by €189 million compared to 2021, i.e. an increase of more than 45% year-on-year. Restated for this item, operating expenses were almost stable at +0.3% compared to 2021, reflecting good control of expenses in line with the implementation of a policy to optimize operational performance.
The Group’s transformation costs, related to synergy-creating transactions such as mergers of institutions and migrations of IT platforms for digital transformation, are included in operating expenses. Restated for these items, operating expenses were up +2.0% (+0.9% excluding the contribution to the SRF).
Retail Banking and Insurance operating expenses, including transformation costs, were up by 3.8%, due in particular with the support for growth in the specialized businesses and networks.
In the Global Financial Services division, operating expenses were down -2.5% at current exchange rates. They decreased significantly in the Asset & Wealth Management division (-6.2%) in line with the decrease in variable compensation in a market context weighing on outstandings, and were up slightly in Corporate & Investment Banking (+1.6%).
The cost/income ratio stood at 70.3% in 2022, a deterioration of 1.0 point compared to 2021, and 0.7 points after restatement of non-recurring items and the SRF contribution.
Groupe BPCE’s cost of risk amounted to -€2.0 billion, up 12.2% compared to 2021, mainly due to an increase in provisions for performing loans (Stage 1 and 2), despite a lower level of new defaults in 2022 (Stage 3). As a percentage of customer loan outstandings, Groupe BPCE’s average annual cost of risk was 24 basis points vs 23 points in 2021.
The rate of non-performing loans to gross outstandings was 2.3% on December 31, 2022, a slight decrease in relation to 2021. The coverage rate for non-performing loans, including collateral on impaired loan outstandings, came to 68.9% on December 31, 2022 versus 69.8% on December 31, 2021.
In retail banking, the cost of risk relative to the outstandings of the Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne networks was stable compared to 2021, at 27 basis points and 18 basis points respectively. The cost of risk increased at the Corporate & Investment Banking level with a cost of risk in relation to outstandings of 36 basis points in 2022, explained in particular by the Russian conflict, compared to 27 basis points in 2021, which was the low point.
Net income (expense) from other assets amounted to €336 million, including a €281 million capital gain that Groupe BPCE realized on the disposal of Bimpli to Swile.
Value adjustments on goodwill amounted to -€241 million in 2022 and concern the Digital & Payments division (- €170 million for Oney and -€71 million for Payments).
The Group’s income before tax was €5.7 billion, a decrease of 7.6% compared to 2021 with an increase in Retail Banking and Insurance (+2.4%) while the contribution of Global Financial Services was down (-15.2%) concentrated on Asset Management due to the negative market effect on outstandings.
Coface’s contribution, isolated in the presentation of the income statement, totaled net income of €5 million in 2021.
Net income attributable to equity holders of the parent amounted to €3,951 million, down by 1.3% compared to 2021.
growth in Common Equity Tier 1, driven in particular by retained earnings (+69 basis points) and the collection of cooperative shares (+17 basis points), but mitigated nevertheless by the increase in the deduction for the shortfall in provisions for non-performing loans (-9 basis points);
At 15.1%, Groupe BPCE’s Common Equity Tier 1 ratio on December 31, 2022 was also significantly higher than the ECB’s minimum requirement, as defined by the European Central Bank (ECB) during the 2022 Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP). The total capital ratio stood at 17.9% on December 31, 2022, i.e. above the ECB’s minimum requirement.
TLAC (Total Loss Absorbing Capacity) amounted to €109.4 billion at end-December 2022. The TLAC ratio was 23.8% on December 31, 2022 versus 24.8% on December 31, 2021 for a target of 21.5% as defined in the 2024 strategic plan.
Groupe BPCE’s total liquidity reserves amounted to €322 billion on December 31, 2022, including €165 billion in available assets eligible for central bank funding, €57 billion in LCR-eligible assets, and €101 billion in liquid assets placed with central banks.
Short-term funding increased from €112 billion on December 31, 2021 to €127 billion on December 31, 2022.
4.4 BPCE SA group financial data
4.4.1 BPCE SA group results
In 2022, the transition from Groupe BPCE’s net income attributable to equity holders of the parent to BPCE SA group can be broken down as follows:
in millions of euros |
2022 fiscal year |
Net income attributable to equity holders of Groupe BPCE |
3,951 |
Non-consolidated entities or consolidated under a different method(1) |
(2,651) |
Other items |
60 |
Net income attributable to equity holders of BPCE SA group |
1,360 |
(1)
Including the Banques Populaires, Caisses d’Epargne and their consolidated subsidiaries. |
in millions of euros |
Retail Banking and Insurance(1) |
Global Financial Services |
Corporate center |
BPCE SA group |
||||
2022 |
2021 pf |
2022 |
2021 pf |
2022 |
2021 pf |
2022 |
2021 |
|
Net banking income |
3,560 |
3,379 |
7,105 |
7,558 |
1,011 |
843 |
11,676 |
11,780 |
Operating expenses |
(2,200) |
(2,056) |
(5,168) |
(5,304) |
(1,721) |
(1,719) |
(9,090) |
(9,078) |
Gross operating income |
1,359 |
1,324 |
1,936 |
2,254 |
(710) |
(876) |
2,586 |
2,702 |
Cost/income ratio |
61.8% |
60.8% |
72.7% |
70.2% |
N/S |
N/S |
77.9% |
77.1% |
Cost of risk |
(273) |
(214) |
(247) |
(170) |
|
(46) |
(521) |
(430) |
Share in income of equity-accounted associates |
(2) |
7 |
13 |
12 |
(28) |
64 |
(17) |
83 |
Net income (expense) from other assets |
287 |
(4) |
17 |
(70) |
17 |
5 |
321 |
(69) |
Value adjustments on goodwill |
|
|
|
|
(241) |
|
(241) |
|
Income before tax |
1,372 |
1,113 |
1,718 |
2,026 |
(962) |
(854) |
2,128 |
2,285 |
Income tax |
(295) |
(309) |
(445) |
(536) |
23 |
7 |
(717) |
(838) |
Non-controlling interests (minority interests) |
6 |
(65) |
(58) |
(267) |
1 |
63 |
(51) |
(268) |
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO EQUITY HOLDERS OF THE PARENT - EXCL. COFACE NET CONTRIBUTION |
1,083 |
739 |
1,215 |
1,224 |
(938) |
(783) |
1,360 |
1,180 |
(1)
Excluding the Banques Populaires, Caisses d’Epargne and their consolidated subsidiaries. |
Retail Banking and Insurance income before tax, at €1,372 million at December 31, 2022, improved by +23.3% including a capital gain of €281 million on the disposal of Bimpli to Swile. The Financial Solutions & Expertise division and Palatine also posted strong growth.
4.7 Outlook for Groupe BPCE
FORECASTS 2023: zero growth inevitable in France?
Economic forecasts have become more pessimistic as inflationary pressures and supply constraints weighed on global and European activity. The recession, which could be amplified by a possible financial crisis, would affect a third of the global economy according to the IMF. A quasi-recessive stagnation in the economy is now considered inevitable in 2023 on both sides of the Atlantic, and even imminent in the Euro zone, even if it were to be only technical and temporary, if not necessary, in order to break the price drift. The monetary shift, which the Fed initiated aggressively, is also a step in this direction. The magnitude of the imbalances to be addressed (mismatch between supply and demand, inflationary mechanics, excessive debt), combined with many overlapping global risks, can always tip the developed economies into a downward spiral. These joint threats are above all the following: geopolitical and health uncertainties (war in Ukraine, increased tension between Taiwan and China, effective questioning of the zero-Covid policy in China); the development of protectionist trends, particularly in the United States, such as the Inflation Reduction act (IRA); delays in the negative impacts of successive monetary tightening and reduced budget support; delayed renegotiations of contracts, particularly for natural gas and electricity in the Euro zone.
Nevertheless, it does not appear that a severe recession is the most likely scenario. This slowdown has already led to an easing of supply constraints and the decline in oil prices since mid-2022 and in gas and electricity prices to their pre-conflict level, in addition to the effect of a mild winter and the rebuilding of gas inventories in Europe. This tends to mitigate the price increases, linked on the other side of the Atlantic to sustained demand and a highly stressed labor market, while in Europe, they are largely imported, due to the energy shock, as alternatives to Russian supply being more expensive.
In 2023, the US economic momentum would be slowed down by the continuation of a fairly marked monetary tightening and a rather restrictive fiscal policy, at the risk of triggering a recession. In China, growth could still be below government targets, even if the easing of health restrictions would probably allow a more or less strong rebound in activity from the second quarter. The Euro zone, the most heavily affected by the consequences of the conflict, could be heading towards a quasi-recessive situation, due to the erosion of household purchasing power and corporate margins.
The fairly marked slowdown in activity in several countries could encourage central banks on both sides of the Atlantic to moderate the process of monetary normalization by the end of 2023. However, short-term interest rates are still much lower than the increase in prices, in particular the underlying inflation (prices excluding food and energy), thus maintaining an accommodative stance, in the United States and especially in Europe. The Fed would extend the vigorous increase in its key rates but in more moderate increments. At the end of 2023, according to its own projections, the Fed would set the federal funds rate a little above 5%. The process of reducing the size of its balance sheet would also be continued. Even if the rise in prices in the Euro zone is due to a supply shock, the risk of a depreciation of the euro would push the ECB to continue to follow the US monetary normalization dynamic, with a priori four further hikes in its key rates and the beginning of a process of reducing the inflow of liquidity to the bond markets. After the 250 basis point increase in 2022, it would increase its key rates by at least 100 basis points, perhaps by several steps of 25 basis points, to propel the refinancing rate towards 3.5% at end of the first half, while then maintaining them at this level during the year.
Monetary tightening and the gradual reduction in central bank balance sheets would drive sovereign long rates even more upwards as the substitution of Russian commodity imports by other much more costly sources, the gradual implementation of the energy transition and the end of the comparative advantages linked to globalization have begun to reverse the deflationary mechanism of the last twenty years. However, the sharp slowdown in the economy and inflation in 2023 is expected to weigh on any further and excessive increase in long-term rates. The average annual ten-year French treasury bond rate is expected to be around 3% in 2023, compared to 1.7% in 2022.
The French economic environment, like other developed countries, now appears to be stagflationary, characterized jointly by much less growth, a persistently higher inflation rate and the resulting rise in interest rates. French growth would probably suffer more than in 2022 from the impact of the energy crisis on household income and on the income statements of companies, due to changes in the price shield and the full-year renegotiation of contracts. Activity is expected to stagnate in 2023, or even contract moderately, due to a very unfavorable growth dynamics at the beginning of the year. There are several reasons for this, despite the easing of constraints on supplies: the slowdown in demand, caused by the inflationary tax on the purchasing power of households and companies; the deterioration in the terms of trade, with commodity prices still high compared to 2020-2021, deeply penalizing industrial competitiveness; the still delayed effect of the tightening of monetary conditions; reduced budget support, with the end of “whatever the cost” policies; the erosion of corporate margins; maintaining a more or less marked behavior of savings reinforced with precautionary measures, to avoid the erosion of real balances by inflation. Inflation, after peaking at the beginning of the year and although declining throughout the year, is expected to be high, around 4.8% on an annual average, after 5.2% in 2022. Its gradual decrease is explained by the economic deterioration and above all by favorable base effects, these being linked to the collapse of energy prices compared to their previous surge last year. Purchasing power should remain slightly negative, as in 2022, in a context of a moderate increase in the unemployment rate (7.5%) and wage growth remaining below the increase in prices. In addition, the 15% increase in gas and electricity prices in early 2023 as part of the energy shield would already represent a tax of around 0.5% on the purchasing power of household income, before no doubt other increases. A shift towards higher wages and lower employment is likely to occur, as if the lag in the acceleration of wages in relation to inflation were now compensated for by the earlier strength of job creation in relation to the level of activity.
winning new customers, particularly in two areas of social concern, environmental transition and health, as well as in non-life insurance and personal protection, consumer loans and mid-sized companies, while continuing the international development of the global asset management and corporate banking businesses; the development of the specialized financing businesses in Europe should also be pursued according to opportunities;
customer satisfaction in retail banking, based on its relational model, omnichannel experience, personalized solutions and useful data;
the climate, by aligning financing portfolios on a “net zero” trajectory, by supporting customers in their environmental transition, by pursuing its sustainable refinancing strategy, and by reducing its environmental footprint;
by relying on three key areas: simplification of its organization and information systems, innovation and its financial and technological solidity.
The Group will remain on course to achieve its objectives by 2024, by developing its universal cooperative banking model, its expertise, its local presence and proximity to its customers, its strong and recognized brands and its integrated digital strategy in the business lines.
However, the environment remains more uncertain than ever from an economic, geopolitical and health perspective and some of the Group’s objectives, particularly in terms of additional revenue, remain subject to uncertainties. After the Covid-19 health crisis, then a year in 2022 marked by the war in Ukraine, disruptions in supply chains, an energy crisis in Europe and a return of inflation to levels not seen for several decades, uncertainties weigh on the global growth outlook for 2023.
Despite successive rate hikes by central banks in 2022, restrictive monetary policies could continue in order to fight persistent inflation, while there are strong uncertainties about the evolution of the war in Ukraine and possible new supply disruptions related to the pandemic could occur, for example in China.
In this context, the rapid rise in interest rates could increase the cost of refinancing for retail banking, while the majority of financing is at fixed rates. The increase in net interest income will only materialize gradually as the balance sheet is rotated. Despite the inflationary context, Groupe BPCE, like the banking profession, will apply a strong fee moderation policy in 2023.
The non-life insurance business line remains exposed to an increase in the cost of claims, particularly automotive and weather-related claims after an exceptional year for the latter, while life insurance should benefit from the rise in interest rates for euro funds, albeit with a market volatility that could weigh on asset values.
Certain business lines of the Financial Solutions & Expertise division remain exposed to the slowdown in the real estate market (financing of real estate professionals, guarantees) and consumer loans, while others could benefit from potentially positive impacts, such as factoring, after the end of State-guaranteed loans.
For Corporate & Investment Banking, the context of high market volatility (rates, currencies, commodities) should lead to an increase in customer hedging needs.
Asset management activities remain exposed to the market effect on all asset classes, with arbitrage between asset classes as interest rates rise.
The Group is making every effort to achieve the objectives of its strategic plan, particularly in terms of winning sales in all its business lines.
As Groupe BPCE has no Additional Tier 1 (AT1) instruments issued by a Group entity, it is not directly affected by the volatility affecting the financial instruments of certain banking groups following the decisions of the Swiss authorities that resulted in the absorption of Credit Suisse’s losses through a full write-down of the AT1 instruments. Groupe BPCE does not hold any significant direct exposures in the form of AT1 instruments or in any other form related to the crisis experienced by the aforementioned Swiss bank.
5 FINANCIAL REPORT
The scope of consolidation of both groups, organized around the central institution, is presented in the diagram below.
In addition to BPCE SA group, Groupe BPCE includes the Banques Populaires, the Caisses d’Epargne and their respective subsidiaries.
5.1 IFRS consolidated financial statements of Groupe BPCE as at December 31, 2022
5.1.1 Consolidated income statement
in millions of euros |
Notes |
2022 fiscal year |
2021 fiscal year |
Interest and similar income |
4.1 |
26,254 |
22,220 |
Interest and similar expenses |
4.1 |
(16,556) |
(12,341) |
Commission income |
4.2 |
11,929 |
11,990 |
Commission expenses |
4.2 |
(1,884) |
(1,666) |
Gains (losses) on financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss |
4.3 |
2,892 |
2,385 |
Gains (losses) on financial instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income |
4.4 |
141 |
228 |
Net gains or losses arising from the derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost |
4.5 |
(1) |
(4) |
Net income from insurance activities |
9.2.1 |
2,927 |
2,860 |
Income from other activities |
4.6 |
1,232 |
1,285 |
Expenses from other activities |
4.6 |
(1,229) |
(1,241) |
Net banking income |
|
25,705 |
25,716 |
Operating expenses |
4.7 |
(16,778) |
(16,567) |
Depreciation, amortization and impairment for property, plant and equipment and intangible assets |
|
(1,299) |
(1,273) |
Gross operating income |
|
7,628 |
7,876 |
Cost of credit risk |
7.1.1 |
(2,000) |
(1,783) |
Net operating income |
|
5,628 |
6,093 |
Share in net income of associates and joint ventures |
12.4.2 |
24 |
220 |
Gains or losses on other assets |
4.8 |
336 |
(82) |
Value adjustments on goodwill |
3.5.1 |
(241) |
|
Income before tax |
|
5,748 |
6,231 |
Income tax |
11.1 |
(1,726) |
(1,946) |
Net income |
|
4,022 |
4,285 |
Non-controlling interests |
5.16.1 |
(71) |
(282) |
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO EQUITY HOLDERS OF THE PARENT |
|
3,951 |
4,003 |
5.2 Statutory Auditors’ report on the consolidated financial statements
This is a free translation into English of the Statutory Auditors’ report issued in French and is provided solely for the convenience of English-speaking readers. This report includes information specifically required by European regulations or French law, such as information about the appointment of Statutory Auditors. This report should be read in conjunction with, and construed in accordance with, French law and professional auditing standards applicable in France.
In compliance with the engagement entrusted to us by your Annual General Meeting, we have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Groupe BPCE for the year ended December 31, 2022.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the assets and liabilities and of the financial position of the Group at December 31, 2022 and of the results of its operations for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union.
We conducted our audit in accordance with professional standards applicable in France. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Our responsibilities under these standards are further described in the “Responsibilities of the Statutory Auditors relating to the audit of the consolidated financial statements” section of our report.
We conducted our audit engagement in compliance with the independence rules provided for in the French Commercial Code (Code de commerce) and the French Code of Ethics (Code de déontologie) for Statutory Auditors for the period from January 1, 2022 to the date of our report, and, in particular, we did not provide any non-audit services prohibited by Article 5(1) of Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014.
Furthermore, the non-audit services that we provided to the Company and its controlled undertakings during the financial year that are not disclosed in the management report or in the notes to the consolidated financial statements are as follows:
Deloitte & Associés: the main engagements carried out in 2022 concerned certification, agreed-upon procedures, reviews of compliance procedures, interim review procedures, tax consultations, comfort letters issued in connection with issuance programs, and independent third party engagements on the CSR information included in the management report.
Mazars: the main engagements carried out in 2022 concerned agreed-upon procedures, certification, letters of comfort issued in connection with issuance programs, as well as independent third-party engagements on the CSR information included in the management report.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit: the main engagements carried out in 2022 concerned certification, agreed-upon procedures, training, reviews of compliance procedures and services rendered in connection with acquisitions or restructuring, technical assistance engagements, letters of comfort issued in connection with issuance programs, tax-related consultations, and independent third party engagements on the CSR information included in the management report.
In accordance with the requirements of Articles L. 823-9 and R. 823-7 of the French Commercial Code relating to the justification of our assessments, we inform you of the key audit matters relating to the risks of material misstatement that, in our professional judgment, were the most significant in our audit of the consolidated financial statements, as well as how we addressed those risks.
These matters were addressed as part of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and therefore contributed to the opinion we formed as expressed above. We do not provide a separate opinion on specific items of the consolidated financial statements.
Groupe BPCE is exposed to credit risks. This risk results from the inability of its clients or counterparties to honor their financial commitments, in particular, covering their loan activities.
In accordance with the “Impairment” section of IFRS 9, Groupe BPCE records impairment and provisions intended to cover expected (Stage 1 and 2 loans) or proven (Stage 3 loan) losses.
The rules for the impairment of expected credit losses require the creation of a first impairment stage for 12-month expected credit losses as of the origination of a new financial asset, and a second stage for lifetime expected credit losses in the event of a significant increase in credit risk. Impairment for expected credit losses (Stages 1 and 2) is mainly determined based on models developed by BPCE integrating different inputs (probability of default, loss given default, exposures, etc.) and forward-looking information.
As specified in Note 7.1.2 to the consolidated financial statements, a change in the quantitative criteria for the shift to S2 and a change in loss given default (LGD) for the SME segment have been developed and will be implemented in the first half of 2022.
This impairment for expected losses is supplemented, where appropriate, with sector-based impairment and provisions, taking into account local specificities.
Loan outstandings with a proven counterparty risk (Stage 3) are subject to impairment, determined mainly on an individual basis. Impairment is assessed by management based on recoverable future cash flows, estimated with consideration of the available guarantees on each of the loans concerned.
We considered the identification and assessment of credit risk to be a key audit matter, given that the related provisions represent a material amount for the preparation of the financial statements, particularly in a context of persistent uncertainties marked by the conflict in Ukraine, the disruption in raw materials and energy, the resurgence of inflation and a rapid increase in interest rates, and require management to exercise judgment as to the allocation of credit-impaired loans and in determining the Stage 1 and 2 impairment calculation inputs and methods and assessing the amount of provisions for Stage 3 loans on an individual basis.
Exposure to credit risks for which calculations of impairment/provisions are performed in accordance with IFRS 9 represent around 66% of Groupe BPCE’s total assets at December 31, 2022 (61% and €939 billion for gross outstanding loans and receivables alone).
Impairment of customer loans and receivables measured at amortized cost amounts to €14.2 billion, of which €1.3 billion attributable to Stage 1, €4.1 billion to Stage 2 and €8.8 billion to Stage 3. Cost of risk in 2022 was €2.0 billion.
For more information on accounting principles and exposures, see Notes 5.5 and 7.1 to the consolidated financial statements.
verifying that an internal control system is in place that updates credit ratings at a suitable frequency;
verifying that a governance system is in place that ensures a suitably regular review of the appropriateness of the impairment models and inputs used to calculate impairment, and analyses changes in impairment in view of IFRS 9 rules;
assessing the appropriateness of the inputs used to calculate impairment, particularly with regard to the recalibration of LGDs for the SME segment and the changes in the criteria for significant deterioration in credit risk, which will be implemented starting June 30, 2022;
performing controls on the entire IT system implemented by Groupe BPCE, including a review of general IT controls, interfaces and automated controls to process information related to IFRS 9;
carrying out checks on the tool used to assess the impact of the application of sector-based impairment on expected credit losses;
verifying the correct documentation and justification of the sectoral provisions recorded by the group. In this respect, we (i) assessed the criteria used by the group to identify the business lines considered the most sensitive to the impact of the current economic context, and (ii) assessed the appropriateness of the provisions thus estimated.
As part of our audit procedures, and more generally, we examined the control system relating to the identification of exposures classified under Stage 3, the monitoring of credit and counterparty risk, the assessment of non-recovery risk and the determination of the related individual impairment and provisions.
Our work consisted in assessing the quality of the monitoring system for sensitive, doubtful and non-performing counterparties, and the credit review system. Furthermore, based on a sample of files selected on the basis of materiality and risk criteria, we performed counter analyses of the amounts provisioned.
We also assessed the detailed disclosures in the notes to the financial statements, required by IFRS 9 under “Impairment” as of December 31, 2022.
Groupe BPCE holds a significant proportion of financial instruments measured at fair value, which are broken down into three levels defined by IFRS 13, according to the valuation method used.
Market value is determined according to different approaches depending on the nature and complexity of the instruments: use of quoted prices observable on the market (level 1 financial instruments in the fair value hierarchy), use of valuation models based on inputs for the most part observable on the market (level 2 financial instruments) and use of valuation models based on inputs for the most part unobservable on the market (level 3 financial instruments).
For the most complex financial instruments, these approaches may therefore involve a significant degree of judgment due to:
We deemed the measurement of complex financial instruments at fair value, classified in levels 2 and 3 to be a key audit matter owing to the materiality of these exposures and the judgment required to determine their fair value, especially for certain types of financial instruments in an economic environment that remains uncertain.
For more details on accounting principles and fair value hierarchy of financial instruments, see note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.
We reviewed the internal control procedures relating to the determination, valuation, recording and classification of complex financial instruments classified at levels 2 and 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
We held interviews with the Risk, Compliance and Permanent Control department (DRCCP) and reviewed the reports and committee meeting minutes prepared by the department.
the approval and periodic review of observability criteria used in the classification of complex financial instruments in the fair value hierarchy;
We performed the following procedures with the assistance of our valuation experts, with whom we also performed independent valuations consisting, based on samples, of the review of assumptions, methodologies and market inputs used in the valuation models to estimate the main valuation adjustments as of December 31, 2022.
We also examined, on a sample basis, any differences in margin calls with market counterparties so as to assess the appropriateness of the valuations.
Lastly, we examined the disclosures relating to the valuation of financial instruments published in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, including those relating to the continuing impacts of the health crisis on the fair value of certain financial instruments.
Groupe BPCE recognizes goodwill in its consolidated financial statements. The external growth transactions completed by the Group have led it (i) to assess the terms and conditions of control exercised over entities acquired in accordance with IFRS 10 “Consolidated financial statements” and (ii) to record the purchase price allocation in accordance with IFRS 3 “Business combinations”. Following this purchase price allocation, the unallocated “surplus”, corresponding to residual identifiable net assets, was recognized in goodwill.
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment at least annually, based on an assessment of the recoverable amount of the cash generating units (CGUs) to which they relate, or as soon as there is an indication of impairment. The recoverable amount is determined based on discounted future cash flows of CGUs, resulting from the Group’s medium-term plans for the entities concerned.
We deemed the impairment testing of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives to be a key audit matter by its very nature as it requires judgment in determining discount rates, economic scenarios and financial trajectories.
As of December 31, 2022, the gross value of goodwill amounted to €4,917 million, while the total of impairment losses was €710 million.
The methods used by Groupe BPCE to perform impairment tests, as well as the key assumptions used to determine the recoverable amount and the sensitivity of the recoverable amounts, are described in note 3.5 to the consolidated financial statements.
With the assistance of our experts, we assessed the process implemented by Groupe BPCE to identify indications of potential impairment and performed a critical review of the methods used for carrying out impairment tests.
reviewing the reasonableness, particularly in the current economic and health context, of the medium-term plans adopted for each CGU concerned, involving:
a comparison with the Group’s strategic plan approved by the governing bodies (Supervisory Board or Board of Directors);
an assessment of the consistency and reliability of the main assumptions used to prepare the plans, particularly regarding the financial trajectories developed during past financial years and actually carried out;
verification of the consistency of the disclosures published on the results of these impairment tests.
As part of its insurance business, Groupe BPCE recognizes technical reserves representing its commitments to policyholders.
We deemed the valuation of reserves to be a key audit matter as it represents a significant amount in the Group’s consolidated financial statements and some of these provisions require judgment to determine the underlying assumptions (actual mortality rates and behavior) or the calculation models used.
The technical reserves of the insurance contracts amounts to €111.9 billion as of December 31, 2022.
See Note 9.1.2 to the consolidated financial statements for further details.
obtaining an understanding of the general conditions relating to insurance contracts marketed by the group;
assessing the methods and assumptions used to calculate these provisions, in particular their compliance with applicable regulations, market practices and the economic and financial context, which has become more uncertain due to the health crisis;
testing, on the basis of accounting reconciliations, reperformance tests, or surveys, the reliability of information relating to insurance contracts recorded in the management systems and used for the valuation of technical reserves;
carrying out an independent recalculation of specific reserves, when necessary, on the basis of a sample of contracts;
assessing the calculation method and the result of the liability adequacy test, as required by IFRS 4.
We have also examined the disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements of Groupe BPCE relating to insurance liabilities.
Groupe BPCE is facing litigation, investigations and inquiries by regulatory and tax authorities in various jurisdictions.
The resulting legal and non-compliance risks (including tax risks) are assessed based on management’s estimate at the closing date.
Recognizing a provision, determining the amount thereof, as well as providing disclosures in the notes to the financial statements necessarily require the use of judgment, due in particular to the difficulty of estimating the probability of the risk occurring, and the outcome and financial consequences of the ongoing procedures.
As a result, we deemed the estimation of provisions for legal and non-compliance risks to be a key audit matter given the sensitivity of these provisions to the assumptions and options used by management.
Provisions for legal and tax risks recorded under “Provisions” amounted to €1,190 million as at December 31, 2022.
See Notes 2.3 and 5.13 to the consolidated financial statements.
We examined the processes for identifying, assessing and provisioning legal and non-compliance risks.
We obtained an understanding of the progress of ongoing proceedings and the main risks identified by the Group, based in particular on regular exchanges with management (and more specifically with the Group’s legal, compliance and tax departments) and on the review of the documentation provided to us.
Our work also consisted in assessing the reasonableness of the assumptions made and data used by management to estimate the amount of provisions recognized at the closing date. In particular, we involved tax law specialists to perform a critical review of the tax risk analyses prepared by the Group and the related provisions.
In addition, we requested confirmation from the Group’s legal counsel regarding pending legal proceedings.
Lastly, we verified the correct recording of the assessed provisions in the financial statements, and the related disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
As required by legal and regulatory provisions and in accordance with professional standards applicable in France, we have also performed the specific verifications on the information pertaining to the Group presented in the management report prepared by the Management Board.
We have no matters to report as to its fair presentation and its consistency with the consolidated financial statements.
We attest that the Group management report includes the consolidated non-financial performance statement required under Article L. 225-102-1 of the French Commercial Code. However, in accordance with Article L. 823-10 of the French Commercial Code, we have not verified the fair presentation and consistency with the consolidated financial statements of the information given in that statement, which will be the subject of a report by an independent third party.
In accordance with professional standards applicable to the Statutory Auditors’ procedures for annual and consolidated financial statements presented according to the European single electronic reporting format, we have verified that the presentation of the consolidated financial statements to be included in the annual financial report referred to in paragraph I of Article L. 451-1-2 of the French Monetary and Financial Code (Code monétaire et financier) and prepared under the Chief Executive Officer’s responsibility, complies with this format, as defined by European Delegated Regulation No. 2019/815 of December 17, 2018. As it relates to the consolidated financial statements, our work included verifying that the markups in the financial statements comply with the format defined by the aforementioned Regulation.
On the basis of our work, we conclude that the presentation of the financial statements to be included in the annual financial report complies, in all material respects, with the European single electronic reporting format.
Due to the technical limitations inherent in the macro-tagging of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with the European single electronic reporting format, the content of certain tags in the notes to the financial statements may not be rendered identically to the consolidated financial statements attached to this report.
Mazars was appointed as Statutory Auditors in the first by-laws dated December 19, 2006, of GCE Nao (whose corporate name became BPCE in July 2009), upon its incorporation. PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit and Deloitte & Associés were appointed as BPCE’s Statutory Auditors by the Annual General Shareholders’ Meetings of July 2, 2009, and May 22, 2015, respectively.
As of December 31, 2022, Mazars was in the sixteenth consecutive year of its engagement, of which fourteen years since becoming a public interest entity. PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit and Deloitte & Associés were in the fourteenth and eighth consecutive year of their engagement respectively.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF MANAGEMENT AND THOSE CHARGED WITH GOVERNANCE FOR THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Management is responsible for preparing consolidated financial statements giving a true and fair view in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union and for implementing the internal control procedures it deems necessary for the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern, and using the going concern basis of accounting, unless it expects to liquidate the Company or to cease operations.
The Audit Committee is responsible for monitoring the financial reporting process and the effectiveness of internal control and risk management systems, as well as, where applicable, any internal audit systems, relating to accounting and financial reporting procedures.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE STATUTORY AUDITORS RELATING TO THE AUDIT OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Our role is to issue a report on the consolidated financial statements. Our objective is to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free of material misstatement. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with professional standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions taken by users on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.
As specified in Article L. 823-10-1 of the French Commercial Code, our audit does not include assurance on the viability or quality of the Company’s management.
As part of an audit conducted in accordance with professional standards applicable in France, the Statutory Auditors exercise professional judgment throughout the audit.
identify and assess the risks of material misstatement in the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures in response to those risks, and obtain audit evidence considered to be sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for their opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control;
obtain an understanding of the internal control procedures relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the internal control;
ï evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management and the related disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements;
assess the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. This assessment is based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of the audit report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern. If the Statutory Auditors conclude that a material uncertainty exists, they are required to draw attention in the audit report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are not provided or are inadequate, to issue a qualified opinion or a disclaimer of opinion;
evaluate the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements and assess whether these statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation;
obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. The Statutory Auditors are responsible for the management, supervision and performance of the audit of the consolidated financial statements and for the opinion expressed thereon.
We submit a report to the Audit Committee which includes, in particular, a description of the scope of the audit and the audit program implemented, as well as the results of our audit. We also report any significant deficiencies in internal control that we have identified regarding the accounting and financial reporting procedures.
Our report to the Audit Committee includes the risks of material misstatement that, in our professional judgment, were the most significant for the audit of the consolidated financial statements and which constitute the key audit matters that we are required to describe in this report.
We also provide the Audit Committee with the declaration provided for in Article 6 of Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014, confirming our independence within the meaning of the rules applicable in France, as defined in particular in Articles L. 822-10 to L. 822-14 of the French Commercial Code and in the French Code of Ethics for Statutory Auditors. Where appropriate, we discuss any risks to our independence and the related safeguard measures with the Audit Committee.
5.3 IFRS consolidated financial statements of BPCE SA group as at December 31, 2022
5.3.1 Consolidated income statement
in millions of euros |
Notes |
2022 fiscal year |
2021 fiscal year |
Interest and similar income |
4.1 |
12,335 |
10,387 |
Interest and similar expenses |
4.1 |
(10,179) |
(8,193) |
Commission income |
4.2 |
6,158 |
6,685 |
Commission expenses |
4.2 |
(2,458) |
(2,235) |
Gains (losses) on financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss |
4.3 |
2,173 |
1,546 |
Gains (losses) on financial instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income |
4.4 |
96 |
166 |
Gains (losses) arising from the derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost |
4.5 |
(6) |
(12) |
Net income from insurance activities |
9.2.1 |
2,748 |
2,692 |
Income from other activities |
4.6 |
1,432 |
1,456 |
Expenses from other activities |
4.6 |
(622) |
(713) |
Net banking income |
|
11,676 |
11,780 |
Operating expenses |
4.7 |
(8,426) |
(8,474) |
Depreciation, amortization and impairment for property, plant and equipment and intangible assets |
|
(664) |
(604) |
Gross operating income |
|
2,586 |
2,702 |
Cost of credit risk |
7.1.1 |
(521) |
(430) |
Net operating income |
|
2,065 |
2,272 |
Share in net income of associates and joint ventures |
12.4.2 |
(17) |
90 |
Net income (expense) from other assets |
4.8 |
321 |
(69) |
Value adjustments on goodwill |
3.5.1 |
(241) |
|
Income before tax |
|
2,128 |
2,293 |
Income tax |
11.1 |
(717) |
(838) |
Net income |
|
1,412 |
1,455 |
Non-controlling interests |
5.16.1 |
(51) |
(270) |
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO EQUITY HOLDERS OF THE PARENT |
|
1,360 |
1,185 |
5.4 Statutory Auditors’ report on the consolidated financial statements
This is a free translation into English of the Statutory Auditors’ report issued in French and is provided solely for the convenience of English-speaking readers. This report includes information specifically required by European regulations or French law, such as information about the appointment of Statutory Auditors. This report should be read in conjunction with, and construed in accordance with, French law and professional auditing standards applicable in France.
In compliance with the engagement entrusted to us by your Annual General Meeting, we have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of BPCE SA group for the year ended December 31, 2022.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the assets and liabilities and of the financial position of the Group at December 31, 2022 and of the results of its operations for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union.
We conducted our audit in accordance with professional standards applicable in France. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Our responsibilities under these standards are further described in the “Responsibilities of the Statutory Auditors relating to the audit of the consolidated financial statements” section of our report.
We conducted our audit engagement in compliance with the independence rules provided for in the French Commercial Code (Code de commerce) and the French Code of Ethics (Code de déontologie) for Statutory Auditors for the period from January 1, 2022 to the date of our report, and, in particular, we did not provide any non-audit services prohibited by Article 5(1) of Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014.
Furthermore, the non-audit services that we provided to the Company and its controlled undertakings during the financial year that are not disclosed in the management report or in the notes to the consolidated financial statements are as follows:
Deloitte & Associés: the main engagements carried out 2022 concerned certification, agreed-upon procedures, reviews of compliance procedures, interim review procedures, tax consultations, comfort letters issued in connection with issuance programs, and independent third party engagements on the CSR information included in the management report.
Mazars: the main engagements carried out in 2022 concerned agreed-upon procedures, certification, letters of comfort issued in connection with issuance programs, as well as independent third-party engagements on the CSR information included in the management report.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit: the main engagements carried out in 2022 concerned certification, agreed-upon procedures, training, reviews of compliance procedures and services rendered in connection with acquisitions or restructuring, technical assistance engagements, letters of comfort issued in connection with issuance programs, tax-related consultations, and independent third party engagements on the CSR information included in the management report.
In accordance with the requirements of Articles L. 823-9 and R. 823-7 of the French Commercial Code relating to the justification of our assessments, we inform you of the key audit matters relating to the risks of material misstatement that, in our professional judgment, were the most significant in our audit of the consolidated financial statements, as well as how we addressed those risks.
These matters were addressed as part of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and therefore contributed to the opinion we formed as expressed above. We do not provide a separate opinion on specific items of the consolidated financial statements.
BPCE SA group is exposed to credit risks. This risk results from the inability of its clients or counterparties to honor their financial commitments, in particular, covering their loan activities.
In accordance with the “Impairment” section of IFRS 9, BPCE SA group records impairment and provisions intended to cover expected (Stage 1 and 2 loans) or proven (Stage 3 loan) losses.
The rules for the impairment of expected credit losses require the creation of a first impairment stage for 12-month expected credit losses as of the origination of a new financial asset, and a second stage for lifetime expected credit losses in the event of a significant increase in credit risk. Impairment for expected credit losses (Stages 1 and 2) is mainly determined based on models developed by BPCE integrating different inputs (probability of default, loss given default, exposures, etc.) and forward-looking information.
This impairment for expected losses is supplemented, where appropriate, with sector-based impairment and provisions, taking into account local specificities.
Loan outstandings with a proven counterparty risk (Stage 3) are subject to impairment, determined mainly on an individual basis. Impairment is assessed by management based on recoverable future cash flows, estimated with consideration of the available guarantees on each of the loans concerned.
We considered the identification and assessment of credit risk to be a key audit matter given that the related provisions represent a material amount for the preparation of the financial statements, particularly in a context of persistent uncertainties marked by the conflict in Ukraine, the disruption in raw materials and energy, the resurgence of inflation and a rapid increase in interest rates, and require management to exercise judgment as to the allocation of credit-impaired loans and in determining the Stage 1 and 2 impairment calculation inputs and methods and assessing the amount of provisions for Stage 3 loans on an individual basis.
Exposure to credit risks for which calculations of impairment/provisions are performed in accordance with IFRS 9 represent around 48% of Groupe BPCE’s total assets at December 31, 2022 (45% and €414 billion for gross outstanding loans and receivables alone).
Impairment of customer loans and receivables measured at amortized cost amounts to €3.0 billion, of which €0.2 billion attributable to Stage 1, €0.6 billion to Stage 2 and €2.0 billion to Stage 3. Cost of risk in 2022 was €0.5 billion.
For more information on accounting principles and exposures, see Notes 5.5 and 7.1 to the consolidated financial statements.
verifying that an internal control system is in place that updates credit ratings at a suitable frequency;
verifying that a governance system is in place that ensures a suitably regular review of the appropriateness of the impairment models and inputs used to calculate impairment, and analyses changes in impairment in view of IFRS 9 rules;
performing controls on the entire IT system implemented by Groupe BPCE, including a review of general IT controls, interfaces and automated controls to process information related to IFRS 9;
carrying out checks on the tool used to assess the impact of the application of sector-based impairment on expected credit losses.
As part of our audit procedures, and more generally, we examined the control system relating to the identification of exposures classified under Stage 3, the monitoring of credit and counterparty risk, the assessment of nonrecovery risk and the determination of the related individual impairment and provisions.
Our work consisted in assessing the quality of the monitoring system for sensitive, doubtful and non-performing counterparties, and the credit review system. Furthermore, based on a sample of files selected on the basis of materiality and risk criteria, we performed counter analyses of the amounts provisioned.
We also assessed the detailed disclosures in the notes to the financial statements, required by IFRS 9 under “Impairment” as of December 31, 2022.
BPCE SA group holds a significant proportion of financial instruments measured at fair value, which are broken down into three levels defined by IFRS 13, according to the valuation method used.
Market value is determined according to different approaches depending on the nature and complexity of the instruments: use of quoted prices observable on the market (level 1 financial instruments in the fair value hierarchy), use of valuation models based on inputs for the most part observable on the market (level 2 financial instruments) and use of valuation models based on inputs for the most part unobservable on the market (level 3 financial instruments).
For the most complex financial instruments, these approaches may therefore involve a significant degree of judgment due to:
We deemed the measurement of complex financial instruments at fair value, classified in levels 2 and 3 to be a key audit matter owing to the materiality of these exposures and the judgment required to determine their fair value, especially for certain types of financial instruments in an economic environment that remains uncertain.
For more details on accounting principles and fair value hierarchy of financial instruments, see note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.
We reviewed the internal control procedures relating to the determination, valuation, recording and classification of complex financial instruments classified at levels 2 and 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
We held interviews with the Risk, Compliance and Permanent Control department (DRCCP) and reviewed the reports and committee meeting minutes prepared by the department.
the approval and periodic review of observability criteria used in the classification of complex financial instruments in the fair value hierarchy;
We performed the following procedures with the assistance of our valuation experts, with whom we also performed independent valuations consisting, based on samples, of the review of assumptions, methodologies and market inputs used in the valuation models to estimate the main valuation adjustments as of December 31, 2022.
We also examined, on a sample basis, any differences in margin calls with market counterparties so as to assess the appropriateness of the valuations.
Lastly, we examined the disclosures relating to the valuation of financial instruments published in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, including those relating to the continuing impacts of the health crisis on the fair value of certain financial instruments.
BPCE SA group recognizes goodwill in its consolidated financial statements. The external growth transactions completed by the Group have led it (i) to assess the terms and conditions of control exercised over entities acquired in accordance with IFRS 10 “Consolidated financial statements” and (ii) to record the purchase price allocation in accordance with IFRS 3 “Business combinations”. Following this purchase price allocation, the unallocated “surplus”, corresponding to residual identifiable net assets, was recognized in goodwill.
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment at least annually, based on an assessment of the recoverable amount of the cash generating units (CGUs) to which they relate, or as soon as there is an indication of impairment. The recoverable amount is determined based on discounted future cash flows of CGUs, resulting from the Group’s medium-term plans for the entities concerned.
We deemed the impairment testing of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives to be a key audit matter by its very nature as it requires judgment in determining discount rates, economic scenarios and financial trajectories.
As of December 31, 2022, the gross value of goodwill amounted to €4,160 million, while the total of impairment losses was €552 million.
The methods used by BPCE SA group to perform impairment tests, as well as the key assumptions used to determine the recoverable amount and the sensitivity of the recoverable amounts, are described in note 3.5 to the consolidated financial statements.
With the assistance of our experts, we assessed the process implemented by BPCE SA group to identify indications of potential impairment and performed a critical review of the methods used for carrying out impairment tests.
reviewing the reasonableness, particularly in the current economic and health context, of the medium-term plans adopted for each CGU concerned, involving:
a comparison with the Group’s strategic plan approved by the governing bodies (Supervisory Board or Board of Directors);
an assessment of the consistency and reliability of the main assumptions used to prepare the plans, particularly regarding the financial trajectories developed during past financial years and actually carried out;
verification of the consistency of the disclosures published on the results of these impairment tests.
As part of its insurance business, BPCE SA group recognizes technical reserves representing its commitments to policyholders.
We deemed the valuation of reserves to be a key audit matter as it represents a significant amount in the Group’s consolidated financial statements and some of these provisions require judgment to determine the underlying assumptions (actual mortality rates and behavior) or the calculation models used.
The technical reserves of the insurance contracts amounts to €103.7 billion as of December 31, 2022.
See Note 9.1.2 to the consolidated financial statements for further details.
ï obtaining an understanding of the general conditions relating to insurance contracts marketed by the group;
assessing the methods and assumptions used to calculate these provisions, in particular their compliance with applicable regulations, market practices and the economic and financial context, which has become more uncertain due to the health crisis;
testing, on the basis of accounting reconciliations, reperformance tests, or surveys, the reliability of information relating to insurance contracts recorded in the management systems and used for the valuation of technical reserves;
carrying out an independent recalculation of specific reserves, when necessary, on the basis of a sample of contracts;
assessing the calculation method and the result of the liability adequacy test, as required by IFRS 4.
We have also examined the disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements of BPCE SA group relating to insurance liabilities.
BPCE SA group is facing litigation, investigations and inquiries by regulatory and tax authorities in various jurisdictions.
The resulting legal and non-compliance risks (including tax risks) are assessed based on management’s estimate at the closing date.
Recognizing a provision, determining the amount thereof, as well as providing disclosures in the notes to the financial statements necessarily require the use of judgment, due in particular to the difficulty of estimating the probability of the risk occurring, and the outcome and financial consequences of the ongoing procedures.
As a result, we deemed the estimation of provisions for legal and non-compliance risks to be a key audit matter given the sensitivity of these provisions to the assumptions and options used by management.
Provisions for legal and tax risks recorded under “Provisions” amounted to €637 million as at December 31, 2022.
See Notes 2.3 and 5.13 to the consolidated financial statements.
We examined the processes for identifying, assessing and provisioning legal and non-compliance risks.
We obtained an understanding of the progress of ongoing proceedings and the main risks identified by the Group, based in particular on regular exchanges with management (and more specifically with the Group’s legal, compliance and tax departments) and on the review of the documentation provided to us.
Our work also consisted in assessing the reasonableness of the assumptions made and data used by management to estimate the amount of provisions recognized at the closing date. In particular, we involved tax law specialists to perform a critical review of the tax risk analyses prepared by the Group and the related provisions.
In addition, we requested confirmation from the Group’s legal counsel regarding pending legal proceedings.
Lastly, we verified the correct recording of the assessed provisions in the financial statements, and the related disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
As required by legal and regulatory provisions and in accordance with professional standards applicable in France, we have also performed the specific verifications on the information pertaining to the Group presented in the management report prepared by the Management Board.
We have no matters to report as to its fair presentation and its consistency with the consolidated financial statements.
In accordance with professional standards applicable to the Statutory Auditors’ procedures for annual and consolidated financial statements presented according to the European single electronic reporting format, we have verified that the presentation of the consolidated financial statements to be included in the annual financial report referred to in paragraph I of Article L. 451-1-2 of the French Monetary and Financial Code (Code monétaire et financier) and prepared under the Chief Executive Officer’s responsibility, complies with this format, as defined by European Delegated Regulation No. 2019/815 of December 17, 2018. As it relates to the consolidated financial statements, our work included verifying that the markups in the financial statements comply with the format defined by the aforementioned Regulation.
On the basis of our work, we conclude that the presentation of the financial statements to be included in the annual financial report complies, in all material respects, with the European single electronic reporting format.
Due to the technical limitations inherent in the macro-tagging of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with the European single electronic reporting format, the content of certain tags in the notes to the financial statements may not be rendered identically to the consolidated financial statements attached to this report.
Mazars was appointed as Statutory Auditors in the first by-laws dated December 19, 2006, of GCE Nao (whose corporate name became BPCE in July 2009), upon its incorporation. PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit and Deloitte & Associés were appointed as BPCE’s Statutory Auditors by the Annual General Shareholders’ Meetings of July 2, 2009, and May 22, 2015, respectively.
As of December 31, 2022, Mazars was in the sixteenth consecutive year of its engagement, of which fourteen years since becoming a public interest entity. PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit and Deloitte & Associés were in the fourteenth and eighth consecutive year of their engagement respectively.
Management is responsible for preparing consolidated financial statements giving a true and fair view in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union and for implementing the internal control procedures it deems necessary for the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern, and using the going concern basis of accounting, unless it expects to liquidate the Company or to cease operations.
The Audit Committee is responsible for monitoring the financial reporting process and the effectiveness of internal control and risk management systems, as well as, where applicable, any internal audit systems, relating to accounting and financial reporting procedures.
Our role is to issue a report on the consolidated financial statements. Our objective is to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free of material misstatement. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with professional standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions taken by users on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.
As specified in Article L. 823-10-1 of the French Commercial Code, our audit does not include assurance on the viability or quality of the Company’s management.
As part of an audit conducted in accordance with professional standards applicable in France, the Statutory Auditors exercise professional judgment throughout the audit.
identify and assess the risks of material misstatement in the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures in response to those risks, and obtain audit evidence considered to be sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for their opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control;
obtain an understanding of the internal control procedures relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the internal control;
evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management and the related disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements;
assess the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. This assessment is based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of the audit report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern. If the Statutory Auditors conclude that a material uncertainty exists, they are required to draw attention in the audit report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are not provided or are inadequate, to issue a qualified opinion or a disclaimer of opinion;
evaluate the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements and assess whether these statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation;
obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. The Statutory Auditors are responsible for the management, supervision and performance of the audit of the consolidated financial statements and for the opinion expressed thereon.
We submit a report to the Audit Committee which includes, in particular, a description of the scope of the audit and the audit program implemented, as well as the results of our audit. We also report any significant deficiencies in internal control that we have identified regarding the accounting and financial reporting procedures.
Our report to the Audit Committee includes the risks of material misstatement that, in our professional judgment, were the most significant for the audit of the consolidated financial statements and which constitute the key audit matters that we are required to describe in this report.
We also provide the Audit Committee with the declaration provided for in Article 6 of Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014, confirming our independence within the meaning of the rules applicable in France, as defined in particular in Articles L. 822-10 to L. 822-14 of the French Commercial Code and in the French Code of Ethics for Statutory Auditors. Where appropriate, we discuss any risks to our independence and the related safeguard measures with the Audit Committee.
5.5 BPCE management report
The global economy, which suffered an energy crisis after the pandemic, gradually ran out of steam in 2022. Gas and electricity prices were, at the peak of the increase in the summer of 2022, ten times higher than in early 2021. However, commodity prices eased in August, after the surge caused by the invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, due to the economic slowdown. The economy has largely continued to benefit from the dynamic growth overhang resulting from the strong post-Covid rebound of the spring of 2021. However, it has suffered severely from a succession of new exogenous shocks, both geopolitical (war in Ukraine, Taiwan) and health, structural labor shortages and especially the spread of rampant inflation, in the United States and Europe. This required unprecedented monetary tightening on both sides of the Atlantic, which accelerated in the second half of the year, resulting in a sharp bond market sell-off, worse than that of 1994. The Euro zone and France, without yet experiencing high unemployment, have therefore been increasingly threatened by stagflation, that is, a combined scenario of high inflation, persistently low growth and rising interest rates, as in the 1970s.
China, whose GDP growth was only 3%, suffered from a deep real estate crisis and the zero-Covid lockdown strategy. The US economy grew by 2%, after 5.9% in 2021, while the Euro zone’s GDP grew by 3.3%, after 5.3%, respectively. Inflation has accelerated sharply. However, it clearly peaked in June in the United States (+9.1% annual rate in June vs. +6.5% annual rate in December), less evident in October in the Euro zone (+10.6% annual rate in October vs. +9.2% annual rate in December). The annual average was 8% for the US economy and 8.4% for the Euro zone. Global trade, penalized by the disruption of value chains, the geopolitical tensions and the sanctions imposed on Russia, thus slowed down in the second quarter, as did global demand for French exports.
The French economy, driven by resilient demand and the rebound in the services sector, grew in volume terms by 2.5%, after 6.8% in 2021, while experiencing a lower inflationary surge than in most European countries, due to the rapid implementation of a tariff shield. The price index therefore only increased at an average annual rate of 5.2% in 2022, compared to 1.6% the previous year, although the December price increase was 5.9% annually for all prices and 12.1% annually for food. Inflation was initially driven by the acceleration in energy prices, but since April it has been driven by services, food and manufactured goods. The economy has moved closer to stagflation, suffering from food and energy price shocks, heightened uncertainty due to the geographic proximity of the war in Ukraine, acute supply constraints, and structural shortages of skilled or qualified labor. Beyond the effects of the past, consumption has been relatively sluggish throughout the year, due to the inflationary shock on purchasing power, which has virtually stagnated in 2022. Households have thus maintained substantial savings of 16.7% of their income, above the pre-pandemic level, although lower than in 2020 and 2021, despite the continued decline in the unemployment rate (7.3%) and still robust net job creation. Business investment has been resilient. However, it has begun to suffer from the expected decline in manufacturing activity, the slowdown in services and, more generally, the geopolitical context, energy uncertainty and rising interest rates. On the other hand, exports made a negative contribution to growth, as imports rose sharply, mainly due to shipments of foreign capital goods and energy products, the latter at an all-time high in volume. Finally, the public deficit, at around 5% of GDP, after 6.4% in 2021, remained high, due to the purchasing power support plans.
The inflationary drift, and the risks of unanchoring price expectations, have forced central banks to normalize their monetary policies by raising key rates and reducing their balance sheets, even if it means causing a recession. This marked monetary shift was initiated more by the US Federal Reserve (Fed), the Bank of England and the central banks of emerging economies than by the Bank of Japan and the European Central Bank (ECB). The Fed raised its key rates very quickly seven times since March, the most abruptly since the Volcker era, by a total of 425 basis points, to a range between 4.25% and 4.5%. It also ended its asset purchases and decided to gradually reduce its balance sheet. The ECB also ended its asset purchase program on July 1. It only began to raise its interest rates, the fastest in its history, from July, in a context where price increases originated more from energy and value chain disruptions than from dynamic domestic demand. However, in response to the euro’s trend below parity with the dollar, leading to imported inflation, it raised its main policy rates by a total of 250 basis points on four occasions, in July, September, October and December, in particular to raise the refinancing rate to 2.5%. At the end of October, it also raised the interest rate applicable to TLTRO 3 transactions and set the return on bank reserves at the deposit facility rate, in order to reduce windfall effects with these last two measures.
The monetary tightening and inflation drove long-term rates up sharply on both sides of the Atlantic, while increasing interest rate differentials between the Euro zone countries, particularly between Germany and Italy. Very violent market movements took the 10-year OAT to 3.1% on December 30, 2022, compared to 0.194% on December 31, 2021, i.e. an increase of more than 290 basis points in just one year. This increase was even faster than that in 1994. This phenomenon, beyond the fluctuations, caused a real bond market crash on both sides of the Atlantic. The price of bonds fell by 20% in the space of one year for European securities with maturities between 7 and 10 years. The spread in favor of the United States in the short and long term, which has widened, was the main driver of the depreciation of the yen and the euro against the dollar. The euro moved from more than $1.2 in June 2021 to $1.07 on December 30, 2022, while being temporarily below parity at $0.96 on September 26, 2022. After reaching record highs, the stock markets, which have become more volatile, suffered from the rise in uncertainty and especially the increase in long-term interest rates. In parallel with the bond market crash, the Dow Jones fell by 8.7% and the Nasdaq by 33.1%. The CAC 40 lost 9.5% to 6,473.8 points on December 30, 2022, compared to 7,153 points on December 31, 2021, but after reaching a low of 5,676.9 points on September 29, 2022.
In an economic and financial environment marked by high inflation, high market volatility and rapid interest rate increases, Groupe BPCE continued to play its full role with its customers. Commercial activity remained strong in its various business lines, particularly in the two Banques Populaires and Caisses d’Epargne networks, but also in Corporate & Investment Banking and Asset Management. In addition, 2022 was marked by changes in Groupe BPCE’s governance, the simplification of its organization and its mobilization in response to the consequences of the war in Ukraine
With regard to the war in Ukraine, a strengthened monitoring system was put in place. The group’s net banking exposures were €808 million at the beginning of the conflict, of which €770 million in Russia and €38 million in Ukraine.(1) BPCE SA’s net exposures are not material. In terms of aid to Ukraine, all Groupe BPCE subsidiaries and the Natixis Foundation contributed nearly €5 million to the French Red Cross. These donations made it possible to participate in the solidarity actions deployed by the International Red Cross and Red Crescent movement in favor of the civilian population and refugees.
With regard to changes in Groupe BPCE’s governance, the Supervisory Board unanimously decided, on October 28, 2022, to appoint Nicolas Namias as Chairman of the Management Board of BPCE. This appointment followed Laurent Mignon’s decision not to seek the renewal of his term of office and to embark on a new professional project. Nicolas Namias took over as Chairman of the Management Board of BPCE on December 3, 2022.
The simplification of the group’s organization continued and resulted in the transfer of insurance and payment activities to BPCE.
In March 2022, Natixis SA contributed its equity interests in the Insurance and Payments divisions to two newly created holding companies:
Assurances du Groupe BPCE, which received 100% of the shares in Natixis Assurances, since renamed BPCE Assurances;
BPCE Payments, which received 100% of the shares in BPH (formerly Natixis Payment Holding), BPCE Payment Services (formerly NPS) and 50% in Partecis.
On March 22, 2022, following these transactions, Natixis SA transferred its equity interests in these two holding companies to BPCE SA.
The free allocation of shares modified the carrying amount of the former Natixis shares, which was allocated pro rata to the actual values of the three divisions (Global Financial Services, Insurance and Payments) on the transaction date. This breakdown takes into account the calculation of capital requirements (CET1 capital) applicable to BPCE’s various subsidiaries.
Natixis post contribution-distribution (Global Financial Services division, newly created and bringing together the global business lines of Groupe BPCE, i.e. Asset & Wealth Management and Corporate & Investment Banking): 62.19%;
In addition, the functional departments of Natixis SA and BPCE SA have been newly organized. This new organization, whose objective is to better serve the business lines, resulted in the transfer of employment contracts from Natixis SA to BPCE SA on March 1, 2022.
In terms of acquisitions as part of the Group’s simplification, BPCE SA acquired Pramex International from BPCE International for €2.4 million and Natixis Immo Exploitation (renamed BPCE Immo Exploitation) from Natixis for €54.7 million.
As a holding company, BPCE SA also subscribed to capital increases: €1.7 million with Natixis, €56 million with BPCE Payments and €150 million with Compagnie Européenne de Garanties et de Cautions (CEGC). BPCE SA also granted current account advances to BPCE Payments for €84 million and to Pramex International for €2 million.
Other changes concerning investments in associates or shares in affiliates are described in the management report on the parent company financial statements.
In 2022, in its dual role (i) as an issuer on the bond market (to refinance the excess of the group’s financing needs over its customers’ deposits and to provide the group with additional capital and capacity to absorb losses), and (ii) as the organizer/manager of the group’s internal capital management operations as a central institution BPCE:
€4.2 billion in senior non-preferred bonds; these issuances help strengthen Groupe BPCE’s capital and TLAC (Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity) and MREL ratios;
€1.8 billion of additional Tier 1 bonds, entirely subscribed by the Banques Populaires and the Caisses d’Epargne;
€0.4 billion of additional Tier 1 instruments issued by Natixis, mainly to refinance former transactions,
€1.1 billion in Tier 2 instruments issued by BPCE Assurances (following a purchase of these instruments from Natixis, which had previously held them), with Natixis having also repaid €1 billion in Tier 2 instruments to BPCE SA,
€0.2 billion of Tier 2 instruments issued by Compagnie Européenne de Garanties et de Cautions (CEGC),
In 2022, BPCE SA’s balance sheet base decreased by €104 billion. This decrease is mainly due to long-term liquidity circulation operations within the group.
in billions of euros |
12/31/2022 |
12/31/2021 |
Change 2022/2021 |
|
(€ billion) |
(%) |
|||
Amounts due from banks |
328.2 |
441.2 |
(113.0) |
(26)% |
Amounts due from customers |
2.8 |
1.8 |
+1.0 |
+56% |
Securities transactions |
6.3 |
6.5 |
(0.2) |
(3)% |
Associates, equity interests and long-term investments |
27.9 |
26.7 |
+1.2 |
+4% |
Other assets |
11.1 |
4.5 |
+6.6 |
+147% |
TOTAL ASSETS |
376.3 |
480.7 |
(104.4) |
(22)% |
Amounts due to banks |
229.1 |
343.1 |
(114.0) |
(33)% |
Customer deposits |
2.3 |
3.4 |
(1.1) |
(32)% |
Debt securities and subordinated debt |
122.3 |
111.8 |
+10.5 |
+9% |
Other liabilities |
4.5 |
3.8 |
+0.7 |
+18% |
Shareholders’ equity and fund for general banking risks |
18.1 |
18.6 |
(0.5) |
(3)% |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |
376.3 |
480.7 |
(104.4) |
(22)% |
Total assets under French GAAP amounted to €376.3 billion at December 31, 2022, a decrease of €104.4 billion compared with December 31, 2021.
Under assets, the decrease of €113.0 billion in the “Amounts due from banks” item is mainly due to a decrease in the balance of the Central Bank account and a decrease in term intra-group receivables. This change in intra-group receivables is the result of the new methods for circulating long-term liquidity within the group.
The “Customer receivables” item was up by €1.0 billion following the buyback from Natixis of subordinated loans granted to BPCE Assurances (and its subsidiaries), now held directly by BPCE SA.
The “Securities transactions” item was down by €0.2 billion, mainly on the RMBS portfolio for respectively -€120 million on Dutch securities, -€96 million on US securities and -€65 million on Italian securities. Also of note is the conversion of 46.59% of the residual class C Visa preference shares, implying recognition of the class A preference shares thus obtained as investment securities held for sale (+€139 million).
The item “Shares in affiliates and other long-term securities” increased €1.2 billion mainly due to the following changes:
subscription by BPCE to capital increases: Natixis for €1,701 million, Compagnie Européenne de Garanties et de Cautions (CEGC) for €150 million;
conversion of 46.59% of Visa Inc. class C securities (classified as other long-term securities) into class A preferred shares (classified as available-for-sale securities), which generated a decrease in the item of €35.7 million. Converted securities are classified under “Securities transactions”;
redemption of additional €400 million of Tier 1 bonds with Natixis after the exercise of a call (classified as other long-term securities), followed by an additional $460 million Tier 1 undated subordinated loan;
additional provisions for impairment of €1,874 million (including Natixis, Oneybank and BPCE International) and reversals of impairment of €1,371 million (including Compagnie Européenne de Garanties et de Cautions (CEGC), Crédit Foncier, BPCE Factor).
The “Other assets” item was up by €6.6 billion, mainly related to collateral deposits including margin calls paid on derivatives.
Under liabilities, the €114.0 billion decrease in “Amounts due to banks” is explained by the decrease in deposits by group institutions, the implementation of the new methods for circulating long-term liquidity within the group and by the drop in refinancing from the ECB (TLTRO 3).
The item “Debt securities and subordinated debt” increased by €10.5 billion, mainly due to the issuance of €4.2 billion of senior non-preferred bonds, the issuance of €2.5 billion of Tier 2 bonds, the issuance of €1.8 billion of additional Tier 1 bonds and the increase in interbank market securities and negotiable debt securities for €2.2 billion.
The decrease in shareholders’ equity is mainly due to the payment of dividends of €788 million, the 2022 net income for €314 million and regulated provisions and investment subsidies for €17 million.
in millions of euros |
2022 |
2021 |
Change 2022/2021 |
|
(€ billion) |
(%) |
|||
Net banking income |
1,381 |
702 |
+679 |
+97% |
Operating expenses |
(646) |
(586) |
(60) |
+10% |
Gross operating income |
735 |
116 |
+619 |
+534% |
Cost of risk |
0 |
0 |
+0 |
NA |
Net gains or losses on long-term investments |
(507) |
2,154 |
(2,661) |
(124)% |
Income before tax |
228 |
2,270 |
(2,042) |
(90)% |
Income tax |
102 |
(33) |
+135 |
(409)% |
Funding/reversal of fund for general banking risks and regulated provisions |
(16) |
(24) |
+8 |
(0) |
NET INCOME |
314 |
2,213 |
(1,899) |
(86)% |
Net income for 2022 amounted to €314 million, down €1,899 million compared to 2021, in particular in connection with the impairment tests on equity interests. Gross operating income amounted to €735 million, losses on fixed assets to -€507 million, charges to regulated provisions to -€16 million and income tax to €102 million.
BPCE is responsible for ensuring the group’s liquidity and capital adequacy by guaranteeing that the regulatory ratios are met. These activities are part of the Financial Management business line, which delivered net banking income of -€210 million in 2022, a drop of €45 million compared with 2021. This change is mainly due to higher expenses on subordinated debt, impairment of investment securities (vs. reversals in 2021), partly offset by a good performance of the central treasury and guarantees business.
Net banking income from the Holding activity was up by €723 million, mainly due to the increase in dividends between 2021 and 2022, mainly from Natixis.
The net banking income of the central institution business line amounted to €256 million in 2022. This represents the rebilling of “Central institution” activities (listed in the French Monetary and Financial Code), presented as NBI.
in millions of euros |
2022 |
2021 |
Change 2022/2021 |
|
(€ billion) |
(%) |
|||
Payroll costs |
(506) |
(449) |
(57) |
+13% |
Other expenses |
(392) |
(319) |
(73) |
+23% |
Gross operating expenses |
(898) |
(768) |
(130) |
+17% |
Rebilled expenses |
406 |
342 |
+64 |
+19% |
Net operating expenses |
(492) |
(426) |
(66) |
+15% |
Charges from exceptional projects |
(154) |
(160) |
+6 |
(4)% |
OPERATING EXPENSES |
(646) |
(586) |
(60) |
+10% |
Operating expenses amounted to -€646 million in 2022, an increase of -€60 million compared to 2021, mainly due to the Single Resolution Fund (expense of -€131 million compared to -€61 million in 2021).
Most of the receivables on BPCE’s balance sheet relate to institutions benefiting from the guarantee and solidarity system, which explains the non-materiality of the cost of risk in BPCE SA parent company financial statements.
charges to and reversals of impairment on equity interests, shares in affiliates and other long-term investments, including in particular Natixis (-€1,684 million), BPCE Assurances (+€634 million), BPCE Payments (+€140 million), these three entities involved in the share contribution mentioned in Note 1.3, BPCE International (-€138 million), Crédit Foncier (+€328 million), Banque Palatine (+€90 million), Oney Bank (-€32 million) and BPCE Factor (+€162 million);
income on the disposal of equity interests, affiliates and other long-term investments (+€6 million).
In 2022, income taxes totaled €102 million, representing +€135 million compared with 2021. This impact is mainly due to exceptional expenses related to tax treatments in 2021.
It should be noted that the companies of the Natixis tax consolidation group joined the BPCE tax consolidation group as of January 1, 2022. The Natixis tax consolidation group ended on December 31, 2021. This entry is supported by an option formulated by BPCE for the legal mechanism known as the extended base, allowing the losses of the former Natixis group to be offset against the profits of the companies in the Natixis tax consolidation group that have joined the BPCE tax consolidation group.
Concerning regulated provisions, an allowance of €16 million was recognized for accelerated amortization of the acquisition costs of equity interests.
In accordance with the provisions of Article 223 quater and quinquies of the French General Tax Code, the financial statements for the past fiscal year include €380,714 in non-deductible expenses pursuant to Article 39.4 of said Code. The resulting additional tax was €98,338.
to allocate the net income of +€313,857,245.09 to “Retained earnings.” As a result of this allocation, the balance of the “Retained earnings” item is €2,779,134,042.30;
to distribute a dividend of €808,903,606.14 to shareholders, by deduction from the “Retained earnings” item. As a result of this allocation, the balance of the “Retained earnings” item is €1,970,230,436.16. The dividend per share is €22.41.
In accordance with the provisions of Article L. 243 bis of the French General Tax Code, the table below shows the dividends paid out in respect of the three previous fiscal years:
Reporting date |
|
Dividend per share |
Portion of the dividend eligible for the 40% deduction |
Portion of the dividend ineligible for the 40% tax deduction |
12/31/2019 |
Class “A” and “B” shares |
€15.7340 |
€536,166,353.68 |
/ |
12/31/2020 |
Class “A” and “B” shares |
€37.6800 |
€1,297,374,005.20 |
/ |
12/31/2021 |
Class “A” and “B” shares |
€21.8300 |
€787,968,126.82 |
/ |
The activity and results of the main subsidiaries are described in Chapter 1 of this document. A list of subsidiaries and equity investments is available in Chapter 5 “BPCE parent company annual financial statements”.
2022 was mainly marked by the continuation of the Pléiade project described above in the section entitled “Significant events of the year”, as well as the following changes:
contribution-distribution of BPCE Assurances and BPCE Paiements shares (see Note 1.3 to the parent company financial statements)
subscription to the capital increase of Compagnie Européenne de Garantie et de Cautions (€150 million);
subscription to a capital increase of Fidor Bank of €54 million (through contributions to the “capital reserve”);
€16.4 million capital increase of Caisse de Refinancement de l’Habitat following the reallocation of share capital among the shareholders;
conversion of 46.59% of the residual class C Visa preference shares, implying recognition of the class A preference shares thus obtained as investment securities held for sale (+€139 million).
Information concerning the list of directorships and offices of company directors is provided in Chapter 3.
Information concerning remuneration and benefits granted by BPCE to the company directors is provided in Chapter 3.
In March 2022, BPCE sold its equity interest of €1.3 million (net carrying amount) in Click and Trust.
In November 2022, PANDA 1, PANDA 2, PANDA 3, PANDA 4, PERLE 2, PERLE 3 and PERLE 4 were transferred to BPCE.
In December 2022, Société d’Exploitation MAB was liquidated (net carrying amount of €4.7 million). The balance of the liquidation was also recorded as a €4.7 million receivable from Société d’Exploitation MAB.
BPCE SA did not encounter any particular difficulties during the 2022 fiscal year. The economic and financial environment is also described in section 4.2.1 of Chapter 4.
The outlook for the economic environment and recent and forthcoming regulatory changes are described in section 4.7 of Chapter 4.
in euros |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
Share capital at period-end |
|
|
|
|
|
Share capital |
157,697,890 |
170,384,630 |
173,613,700 |
180,478,270 |
180,478,270 |
Number of shares(1) |
31,539,578 |
34,076,926 |
34,722,740 |
36,095,654 |
36,095,654 |
Operations and income for the fiscal year |
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
3,817,697,023 |
4,424,898,255 |
2,023,188,873 |
5,090,711,297 |
6,560,532,404 |
Income before tax, employee profit-sharing, depreciation, amortization and impairment |
213,879,738 |
1,284,276,000 |
241,756,532 |
956,378,025 |
763,158,369 |
Income tax |
450,787,127 |
145,922,016 |
267,056,984 |
(33,379,182) |
102,374,679 |
Income after tax, employee profit-sharing, depreciation, amortization, impairment and provisions |
390,468,286 |
441,581,094 |
(1,073,022,523) |
2,213,155,147 |
313,857,245 |
Dividend paid(2) |
403,040,426 |
536,166,354 |
1,297,374,005 |
787,968,127 |
808,903,606 |
Earnings per share |
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
121.04 |
129.85 |
58.27 |
141.03 |
181.75 |
Income after tax, employee profit-sharing, but before depreciation, amortization and impairment |
21.07 |
41.97 |
14.65 |
25.57 |
23.98 |
Income tax |
14.29 |
4.28 |
7.69 |
(0.92) |
2.84 |
Income after tax, employee profit-sharing, depreciation, amortization, impairment and provisions |
12.38 |
12.96 |
(30.90) |
61.31 |
8.70 |
Dividend per share(2) |
12.3715 |
15.7340 |
37.6800 |
21.8300 |
22.4100 |
Employee data |
|
|
|
|
|
Average number of employees: |
1,563 |
2,186 |
2,505 |
2,574 |
3,140 |
o/w managerial staff |
1,465 |
1,918 |
2,187 |
2,281 |
2,841 |
o/w non-managerial staff |
98 |
268 |
318 |
293 |
299 |
Total wage bill for the year |
138,048,129 |
181,998,599 |
208,148,610 |
214,051,474 |
265,085,013 |
Amounts paid for employee benefits during the period |
74,092,881 |
120,239,562 |
118,717,325 |
121,794,391 |
149,701,844 |
(1)
Earnings per share are calculated based on the number of shares outstanding at the date of the General Meeting. (2)
Subject to approval by the General Meeting. |
Type and purpose of authorization |
Amount in euros |
Duration |
Date of General Meetings |
Use
of authorization |
|
None |
|
|
|
Article L. 441-14 of the French Commercial Code stipulates that all French companies for which annual financial statements are certified by Statutory Auditors shall disclose information in their management report on the payment terms granted to their customers and suppliers, in accordance with the provisions of Article D. 441-6 of the French Commercial Code as amended by Order no. 2019-359 of April 24, 2019 - Article 1 and by decree no. 2021-211 of February 24 2021 - Article 3. This information does not include banking transactions and related operations.
in euros |
Invoices received and due but not settled at the reporting date |
|||||
0 day (indicative) |
1 to 30 days |
31 to 60 days |
61 to 90 days |
91 days and more |
Total (> 1 day) |
|
(A) Categories of overdue payments |
||||||
Number of invoices concerned |
212 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
654 |
Total amount of invoices concerned including taxes(1) |
8,986,127 |
9,057,724 |
3,379,046 |
771,828 |
162,170 |
13,370,767 |
Percentage of the total amount of purchases (including taxes) for the fiscal year |
The percentage of unpaid invoices received, at the reporting date, |
|||||
Percentage of revenue excluding taxes for the fiscal year |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
(B) Invoices excluded from (A) relating to disputed or unrecognized receivables and payables |
||||||
Number of invoices excluded |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
None |
Total amount of invoices excluded |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
None |
(C) Benchmark payment terms used (contractual or legal term – Article L. 441-14 or Article L. 443-1 of the French Commercial Code) |
||||||
Payment terms used to calculate overdue payments |
Legal term: Within 30 days of invoice date |
|||||
(1)
Accounts receivable correspond to accounts in credit or advances. |
in euros |
Invoices issued and due but not settled at the reporting date |
|||||
0 day (indicative) |
1 to 30 days |
31 to 60 days |
61 to 90 days |
91 days and more |
Total (> 1 day) |
|
(A) Categories of overdue payments |
||||||
Number of invoices concerned |
149 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
718 |
Total amount of invoices concerned including taxes |
21,283,724 |
33,913,972 |
14,420,517 |
22,561,924 |
56,266,574 |
127,162,987 |
Percentage of total sales (including taxes) for the fiscal year |
1.17% |
1.87% |
0.80% |
1.24% |
3.10% |
7.00% |
Percentage of revenue excluding taxes for the fiscal year |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
(B) Invoices excluded from (A) relating to disputed or unrecognized receivables and payables |
||||||
Number of invoices excluded |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
None |
Total amount of invoices excluded |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
None |
(C) Benchmark payment terms used (contractual or legal term – Article L. 441-14 or Article L. 443-1 of the French Commercial Code) |
||||||
(C) Benchmark payment terms used (contractual or legal term – Article L. 441-14 or Article L. 443-1 of the French Commercial Code) |
Legal term: Within 30 days of invoice date |
|||||
(1)
The majority of unpaid invoices issued mainly concern intra-group rebilling. |
|
5.6 BPCE parent company annual financial statements
in millions of euros |
Notes |
2022 fiscal year |
2021 fiscal year |
Interest and similar income |
3.1 |
3,975 |
3,574 |
Interest and similar expenses |
3.1 |
(4,328) |
(3,914) |
Income from variable-income securities |
3.2 |
1,407 |
698 |
Commission income |
3.3 |
96 |
106 |
Commission expenses |
3.3 |
(36) |
(32) |
Net gains or losses on trading book transactions |
3.4 |
14 |
0 |
Net gains or losses on available-for-sale securities and equivalent |
3.5 |
(32) |
(12) |
Other banking income |
3.6 |
310 |
300 |
Other banking expenses |
3.6 |
(25) |
(18) |
Net banking income |
|
1,381 |
702 |
Operating expenses |
3.7 |
(611) |
(570) |
Depreciation, amortization and impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets |
|
(35) |
(16) |
Gross operating income |
|
735 |
116 |
Cost of risk |
3.8 |
0 |
0 |
Net operating income |
|
735 |
116 |
Gains or losses on long-term investments |
3.9 |
(507) |
2,154 |
Income before tax |
|
228 |
2,270 |
Non-recurring income |
3.10 |
0 |
0 |
Income tax |
3.11 |
102 |
(33) |
Charges to/reversals from the fund for general banking risks and regulated provisions |
3.12 |
(16) |
(24) |
NET INCOME |
|
314 |
2,213 |
5.6.1 Balance sheet and off-balance sheet items
in millions of euros |
Notes |
12/31/2022 |
12/31/2021 |
Cash and amounts due from central banks |
|
88,098 |
131,896 |
Treasury bills and equivalent |
4.3 |
562 |
559 |
Loans and advances due from banks |
4.1 |
240,124 |
309,322 |
Customer transactions |
4.2 |
2,755 |
1,757 |
Bonds and other fixed-income securities |
4.3 |
4,355 |
4,615 |
Equities and other variable-income securities |
4.3 |
1,419 |
1,285 |
Equity interests and other long-term investments |
4.4 |
2,447 |
2,795 |
Investments in affiliates |
4.4 |
25,466 |
23,888 |
Intangible assets |
4.5 |
98 |
107 |
Property, plant and equipment |
4.5 |
5 |
13 |
Other assets |
4.7 |
8,900 |
2,591 |
Accrual accounts |
4.8 |
2,066 |
1,871 |
TOTAL ASSETS |
|
376,295 |
480,699 |
in millions of euros |
Notes |
12/31/2022 |
12/31/2021 |
Central banks |
|
0 |
0 |
Amounts due to banks and similar |
4.1 |
229,123 |
343,130 |
Customer transactions |
4.2 |
2,304 |
3,365 |
Debt securities |
4.6 |
96,893 |
90,415 |
Other liabilities |
4.7 |
1,096 |
2,320 |
Accrual accounts |
4.8 |
2,712 |
857 |
Provisions |
4.9 |
645 |
665 |
Subordinated debt |
4.10 |
25,380 |
21,348 |
Fund for general banking risks (FGBR) |
4.11 |
65 |
65 |
Equity excluding fund for general banking risks |
4.12 |
18,077 |
18,534 |
Subscribed capital |
|
181 |
181 |
Additional paid-in capital |
|
15,045 |
15,045 |
Reserves |
|
35 |
35 |
Revaluation difference |
|
0 |
0 |
Regulated provisions and investment subsidies |
|
37 |
20 |
Retained earnings |
|
2,465 |
1,040 |
Interim dividend |
|
0 |
0 |
Net income for the fiscal year (+/-) |
|
314 |
2,213 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |
|
376,295 |
480,699 |
5.7 Statutory Auditors’ report on the annual financial statements
This is a free translation into English of the statutory auditors’ report on the financial statements of the Company issued in French and it is provided solely for the convenience of English speaking users.
This report includes information specifically required by European regulation and French law, such as information about the appointment of the statutory auditors or verification of the management report and other documents provided to shareholders.
This report should be read in conjunction with, and construed in accordance with, French law and professional auditing standards applicable in France.
In compliance with the engagement entrusted to us by your annual general meeting, we have audited the accompanying financial statements of BPCE S.A. for the year ended December 31, 2022.
In our opinion, the financial statements give a true and fair view of the assets and liabilities and of the financial position of the company as at December 31, 2022 and of the results of its operations for the year then ended in accordance with French accounting principles.
We conducted our audit in accordance with professional standards applicable in France. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Statutory Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report
We conducted our audit engagement in compliance with independence requirements of the French Commercial Code (code de commerce) and the French Code of Ethics (code de déontologie) for statutory auditors, for the period from January 1st, 2022 to the date of our report and specifically we did not provide any prohibited non-audit services referred to in Article 5(1) of Regulation (EU) No 537/2014.
Furthermore, the non-audit services that we provided to your Company and its controlled undertakings during the financial year that are not disclosed in the management report or in the notes to the consolidated financial statements are as follows:
Deloitte & Associés: the main engagements conducted in fiscal year 2022 concerned certification, specified procedures, comfort letters issuance regarding issuance programs, review of compliance procedures and the achievement of missions as independent third party on the CSR information of the management report.
Mazars: the main assignments carried out in the 2022 fiscal year concerned methodological review, specified procedures, certification, comfort letters issuance regarding issuance programs and CSR related missions.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit: the main engagements conducted in fiscal year 2022 concerned certification, specified procedures, training activities, comfort letters issuance regarding issuance programs and tax consultations.
In accordance with the requirements of Articles L. 823-9 and R. 823-7 of the French Commercial Code (code de commerce) relating to the justification of our assessments, we inform you of the key audit matters relating to risks of material misstatement that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period, as well as how we addressed those risks.
These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on specific items of the financial statements.
As of December 31, 2022, associates, equity interests and long-term investments recognized in BPCE S.A.’s financial statements amounted to €27,913 million, including €6,752 million in impairment losses. Net impairment of investments in subsidiaries and affiliates and other long-term investments in 2022 amounted to €503 million.
As indicated in note 4.4 to the financial statements, they are recognized at their acquisition cost and impaired on the basis of their value in use.
BPCE’s main banking subsidiaries are measured on the basis of discounted multi-year forecasts of expected dividend flows (Dividend Discount Model). The forecasts of expected dividend flows are based on the medium-term financial projections prepared by the entities concerned as part of Groupe BPCE’s annual budgeting process and established for the Group’s management purposes
We deemed the correct measurement of equity interests, shares in related companies and other long-term equity holdings to be a key audit matter, given the areas of judgment inherent to structuring assumptions used, in particular for determining financial forecasts and valuation parameters, especially in the actual economic context.
To assess the reasonableness of the estimated value in use of equity interests, shares in related companies and other long-term equity holdings with the guidance of our experts we verified that the estimated values determined by management were based on reasonable assumptions and an appropriate measurement method applied to correctly documented quantified data.
performing an arithmetic calculation of the values of the main subsidiaries and examining the reasonableness of the medium-term plans used for each entity in question, which entailed:
comparing these strategic plans validated by the entities’ management bodies (Supervisory Board or Board of Directors),
evaluating the relevance and reliability of the main assumptions used to develop the plans, particularly with regard to past years’ financial projections and actual past performance,
We have also performed, in accordance with professional standards applicable in France, the specific verifications required by laws and regulations.
INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE MANAGEMENT REPORT AND IN THE OTHER DOCUMENTS WITH RESPECT TO THE FINANCIAL POSITION AND THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS PROVIDED TO THE COOPERATIVE SHAREHOLDERS
We have no matters to report as to the fair presentation and the consistency with the financial statements of the information given in the management report of the management board and in the other documents with respect to the financial position and the financial statements provided to the cooperative shareholders, besides the following point:
With respect to the fair presentation and the consistency with the financial statements of the information relating to the payment terms required by Article D.441-6 of the French Commercial Code, we have the following observation: as indicated in the management report, the information does not include banking operations and related operations, as the Company considers these are not within the scope of the information to be produced.
We attest that the Supervisory Board’s report on corporate governance sets out the information required by Articles L. 225-37-3 and L. 22-10-10 of the French Commercial Code.
In accordance with French law, we have verified that the required information concerning the purchase of investments and controlling interests and the identity of the shareholders and holders of the voting rights has been properly disclosed in the management report.
We have also verified, in accordance with the professional standard applicable in France relating to the procedures performed by the statutory auditor relating to the annual and consolidated financial statements presented in the European single electronic format, that the presentation of the financial statements intended to be included in the annual financial report mentioned in Article L. 451-1-2, I of the French Monetary and Financial Code (code monétaire et financier), prepared under the responsibility of the president of the management board, complies with the single electronic format defined in the European Delegated Regulation No 2019/815 of 17 December 2018.
Based on the work we have performed, we conclude that the presentation of the financial statements intended to be included in the annual financial report complies, in all material respects, with the European single electronic format.
Mazars was appointed as statutory auditors in the first statutes dated December 19, 2006 of GCE Nao (whose corporate name became BPCE S.A. in July 2009), throughout its inception.
We were appointed as statutory auditors of BPCE S.A. by the annual general meetings of BPCE S.A. held on May 22, 2015 for Deloitte & Associés and on July 2, 2009 for PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit.
As at December 31, 2022, Mazars was in the sixteenth year of total uninterrupted engagement, including 14 years since the company became a public-interest entity, Deloitte & Associés was in the seventh year of total uninterrupted engagement, PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit in the thirteenth.
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with French accounting principles and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless it is expected to liquidate the Company or to cease operations.
The audit committee is responsible for monitoring the financial reporting process and the effectiveness of internal control and risks management systems and where applicable, its internal audit, regarding the accounting and financial reporting procedures.
Our role is to issue a report on the financial statements. Our objective is to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with professional standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
As specified in Article L.823-10-1 of the French Commercial Code (code de commerce), our statutory audit does not include assurance on the viability of the Company or the quality of management of the affairs of the Company.
As part of an audit conducted in accordance with professional standards applicable in France, the statutory auditor exercises professional judgment throughout the audit and furthermore:
Identifies and assesses the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, designs and performs audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtains audit evidence considered to be sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for his opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
Obtains an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the internal control.
Evaluates the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management in the financial statements.
Assesses the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. This assessment is based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of his audit report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern. If the statutory auditor concludes that a material uncertainty exists, there is a requirement to draw attention in the audit report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are not provided or inadequate, to modify the opinion expressed therein.
Evaluates the overall presentation of the financial statements and assesses whether these statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
We submit to the audit committee a report which includes in particular a description of the scope of the audit and the audit program implemented, as well as the results of our audit. We also report, if any, significant deficiencies in internal control regarding the accounting and financial reporting procedures that we have identified.
Our report to the audit committee includes the risks of material misstatement that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements of the current period and which are therefore the key audit matters that we are required to describe in this report.
We also provide the audit committee with the declaration provided for in Article 6 of Regulation (EU) N° 537/2014, confirming our independence within the meaning of the rules applicable in France such as they are set in particular by Articles L.822-10 to L.822-14 of the French Commercial Code (code de commerce) and in the French Code of Ethics (code de déontologie) for statutory auditors. Where appropriate, we discuss with the audit committee the risks that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and the related safeguards.
5.8 Controls of accounting and financial reporting quality
5.8.1 Roles and responsibilities in preparing and processing accounting and financial information
The production of accounting and financial information and verifications to ensure its accuracy are performed by the Finance functions of the entities included in the scope of consolidation.
Each entity has the resources to ensure the quality of accounting and financial data, in particular by seeing that regulations and Group standards are being properly implemented, and reconciling accounting and operating results, where applicable.
Each entity prepares, on a monthly or quarterly basis, financial statements and regulatory information required at the local level, along with reporting documents for the Finance and Strategy division.
At Groupe BPCE, the preparation and processing of financial and accounting information falls under the responsibility of the Finance function. This responsibility is carried out within the central institution, mainly by four departments of the Finance and Strategy division:
The other departments that complete the division are the Research and Forecasting department, the Tax department, the Financial Resilience department and the Strategy department.
The Finance and Strategy division collects the accounting and financial data produced by the entities within the Group’s scope of consolidation. It is also responsible for consolidating and verifying these data for use in Group oversight and communication to third parties (auditors, investors, etc.).
In addition to consolidating accounting and financial information, the Finance and Strategy division has broad control duties:
it coordinates Asset/Liability management by defining the Group’s Asset/Liability management rules and standards and ensuring they are properly applied;
it defines accounting standards and principles applicable to the Group and ensures they are properly applied;
it coordinates the steering and reporting of the Group’s financial performance in accordance with strategic plan objectives;
it manages emergency financial plans in the event of idiosyncratic or systemic crises and coordinates the resolution plan.
MAIN FUNCTIONS, WITHIN THE CENTRAL INSTITUTION, CONTRIBUTING TO THE PREPARATION AND COMMUNICATION OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DATA AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES
Within the Group, the main functions involved in preparing and publishing accounting and financial information are accounting, finance control, reporting, investor relations and financial management.
Within the central institution, these functions are carried out mainly by four departments reporting to the Chief Executive officer of the Finance and Strategy division: the Accounting department, the Performance Oversight department, the Financial Management department and the Architecture and Reporting department.
The Accounting department is responsible for producing the parent company and consolidated financial statements (Groupe BPCE and BPCE SA group) and the corresponding regulatory filings (particularly COREP and FINREP). Its main duties are:
preparing the consolidated financial statements of Groupe BPCE and BPCE SA group, calculating the regulatory ratios and preparing the corresponding reports;
providing a regulatory watch on French and IFRS accounting standards applied by the Group in coordination with shareholder institutions, BPCE subsidiaries and the Statutory Auditors;
acting as the interface between the regulatory authorities (the European Central Bank and the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution (ACPR), the French prudential supervisory authority for the banking and insurance sector) and affiliated institutions, in accordance with Article L. 512-107 of the French Monetary and Financial Code and ensuring that the affiliated institutions comply with regulatory standards and management ratios;
representing the Group in its dealings with industry bodies (Autorité des normes comptables, European Banking Federation, etc.);
Within the Group, the Group Accounting department relies on the accounting functions of each entity, which are responsible for the publication of the parent company financial statements and, where applicable, the consolidated financial statements, regulatory reports and disclosures to the central institution.
The Performance Oversight department is responsible for producing management information. Its main duties are:
coordinating oversight of business performance in support of the Retail Banking and Insurance division;
managing solvency issues (solvency ratios, leverage ratios, TLAC, MREL, etc.) and the Pillar II approach within the Group;
coordinating and monitoring the management of scarce resources within the Group (cost-effectiveness, capital/solvency, liquidity);
analyzing the performance of the Group, its business lines and entities, especially for the publication of each quarter’s results;
steering and challenging the subsidiaries’ financial performances to safeguard the Group’s financial ratios;
The Performance Oversight department relies on the Group’s Management Control functions, which are responsible for the operational management of each entity and for the production of management information for both the entity and the central institution.
The Architecture and Reporting department is responsible for securing the key IS Finance & Risk applications, ensuring the reliability of complex production processes (transformed data with the preparation of regulatory and management reports) and ensuring that these processes comply with BCBS 239 principles. Its main duties are:
making strategic choices regarding the design and construction of data bases as well as regulatory and management processes based on the main risk and financial calculators, in current, ad hoc and crisis situations, while ensuring the coordination of all related projects;
operating, through its technological fiber, complex production systems (Finance and Risk production, treasury systems and banking activities) and pool project efforts for other business lines;
simplifying, harmonizing, integrating and pooling in a logic of operational efficiency and process security by relying on technological levers;
implementing innovative tools (simulations, proactive exercises, data analysis, etc.) and promoting an open innovation approach (Artificial Intelligence, Green Finance, etc.) directly linked to the ongoing search for operational efficiency;
accelerating the implementation of responses to regulatory recommendations and requirements (e.g. coordination of BCBS 239 into LOD1 and the ECB Data Finance/Risk dialog).
The Financial Management department is responsible for the optimal and sustainable management of liquidity and refinancing and is also in charge of financial communication. Its main duties are:
organizing, coordinating and supervising the refinancing of Groupe BPCE on the financial markets in order to ensure, at the best possible price, the realization of a sustainable refinancing plan over time, making it possible to finance the various activities of the Group over a duration consistent with the assets created and to allocate this liquidity to the various business lines and to control its use and evolution;
managing the optimization of scarce resources, collateralized refinancing, collateral management and green refinancing strategy;
producing regulatory ratios and ensuring compliance with them, as well as internal constraints resulting in particular from stress tests guaranteeing the sustainability of the refinancing of the Group’s business model even in the event of a crisis;
developing the Group’s interest rate and liquidity risk management system and its application to the entities;
coordinating and producing presentations of quarterly results, the financial structure and the development of the Group’s business lines to enable third parties to form an opinion on its financial strength, profitability and outlook;
coordinating and preparing the presentation of regulated financial information (Universal Registration Document and its quarterly amendments) filed with the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority, and the Pillar III report, integrating the contributions of other BPCE functions;
organizing relations with institutional investors, financial analysts and rating agencies by ensuring coordination with the other rated entities of the Group;
5.9 Persons responsible for auditing the financial statements
5.9.1 Statutory audit system
Within the Group, the main rules that govern the statutory audit system and aim to guarantee Statutory Auditor independence in Groupe BPCE companies are defined in the Framework for Statutory Auditor Assignments at Groupe BPCE, updated and validated by BPCE’s Supervisory Board.
On the appointment of Group Statutory Auditors: in line with the regulations in force, the Group recommends that each Group company continues to designate at least one network of Statutory Auditors that certify BPCE’s consolidated and individual financial statements to ensure there is a consistent, harmonized financial audit system available across the Group. However, each company’s Audit Committee retains the authority to select Statutory Auditors subject to the approval of the company’s General Meeting.
On the prior approval of services other than financial statement certification: in line with the opinion provided by the Haut Conseil du Commissariat aux Comptes (H3C) on July 26, 2017, BPCE’s Audit Committee introduced a prior approval procedure, for a one year period, of an exhaustive list of categories of services other than financial statement certification. These provisions, which are set out in the annexes to the Framework for Statutory Auditor Assignments, are reviewed annually by the BPCE Audit Committee and communicated to all Group entities.
examines the services rendered by the Statutory Auditors. Aside from the prior approval of services other than financial statement certification in compliance with provisions that have been defined in the Framework for Statutory Auditor Assignments, the committee examines the fees and types of services rendered as recorded in each company’s income statement;
ensures compliance with the principles laid out in the Framework for Statutory Auditor Assignments, rules governing the rotation of Statutory Auditors and the rotation of signatory partners and the implementation of a Statutory Auditor selection procedure at the end of each maximum term of office;
this approach relies on the permanent control system (Financial Control function). A Group standard on the control of the independence of the Statutory Auditors, validated by the Standards and Methods Committee, specifies the role of this function in this area and the main procedures it must implement. The work carried out within this framework is presented to each company’s Audit Committee and, on a consolidated basis, to the Group Audit Committee.
6 RISK FACTORS & RISK MANAGEMENT
Some disclosures required under IFRS 7 on the nature and the extent of various risks are presented in this report and covered by the Statutory Auditor’s opinion on the consolidated financial statements. Such disclosures are flagged by the statement “Information provided in the respect of IFRS 7” and should be interpreted as an integral part of the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
6.1 Key figures
(1) |
CRR/CRD IV without transitional measures; additional Tier 1 capital takes into account subordinated issues that have become ineligible at the phase-out rate in force. |
(2) |
Reserves net of prudential restatements. |
(3) |
Including settlement-delivery risk. |
(4) |
Based on the FSB TLAC term sheet dated November 9, 2015. |
(5) |
Based on the ACPR notification of 03/22/2021. |
|
12/31/2022 |
12/31/2021 |
Cost of risk (in basis points)(1) |
24 |
23 |
Ratio of non-performing/gross outstanding loans |
2.3% |
2.4% |
Impairment recognized/Gross outstandings |
41.3% |
42.7% |
Groupe BPCE’s consolidated VaR (in millions of euros) |
10.3 |
8.3 |
Liquidity reserves (in billions of euros) |
322 |
329 |
(1)
Excluding exceptional items. |
in millions of euros |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
|
12/31/2022 |
09/30/2022 |
06/30/2022 |
03/31/2022 |
12/31/2021 |
||
|
AVAILABLE CAPITAL |
|||||
1 |
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) |
69,665 |
69,453 |
68,557 |
68,181 |
69,764 |
2 |
Tier 1 capital |
69,665 |
69,453 |
68,557 |
68,181 |
69,764 |
3 |
Total capital |
82,424 |
83,212 |
82,322 |
83,061 |
82,715 |
|
RISK-WEIGHTED ASSETS |
|||||
4 |
Total risk-weighted assets |
460,858 |
460,514 |
459,214 |
448,000 |
441,428 |
|
CAPITAL RATIOS (AS A PERCENTAGE OF RISK-WEIGHTED ASSETS) |
|||||
5 |
Common Equity Tier 1 ratio |
15.12% |
15.08% |
14.93% |
15.22% |
15.80% |
6 |
Equity Tier 1 ratio |
15.12% |
15.08% |
14.93% |
15.22% |
15.80% |
7 |
Total capital ratio |
17.88% |
18.07% |
17.93% |
18.54% |
18.74% |
|
ADDITIONAL CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS TO ADDRESS RISKS OTHER THAN THE EXCESSIVE LEVERAGE RISK (AS A PERCENTAGE |
|||||
EU 7a |
Additional capital requirements to address risks other than excessive leverage risk |
2.00% |
2.00% |
2.00% |
2.00% |
1.75% |
EU 7b |
of which: to be met with CET1 capital |
1.13% |
1.13% |
1.50% |
1.50% |
1.31% |
EU 7c |
of which: to be met with Tier 1 capital |
1.50% |
1.50% |
1.50% |
1.50% |
1.31% |
EU 7d |
Total SREP capital requirement |
10.00% |
10.00% |
10.00% |
10.00% |
9.75% |
|
OVERALL BUFFER REQUIREMENT AND OVERALL CAPITAL REQUIREMENT (AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE RISK-WEIGHTED ASSETS) |
|||||
8 |
Capital conservation buffer |
2.50% |
2.50% |
2.50% |
2.50% |
2.50% |
EU 8a |
Conservation buffer due to macro-prudential or systemic risk at the level of a Member State |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
9 |
Institution-specific countercyclical capital buffer |
0.03% |
0.01% |
0.02% |
0.02% |
0.02% |
EU 9a |
Systemic risk buffer |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
10 |
Global systemically important institution buffer |
1.00% |
1.00% |
1.00% |
1.00% |
1.00% |
EU 10a |
Other systemically important institution buffer |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
11 |
Overall buffer requirement |
3.53% |
3.51% |
3.52% |
3.52% |
3.52% |
EU 11a |
Overall capital requirements |
13.53% |
13.51% |
13.52% |
13.52% |
13.27% |
12 |
CET1 capital available after compliance with total SREP capital requirements |
9.12% |
9.08% |
8.93% |
9.22% |
9.99% |
|
LEVERAGE RATIO |
|||||
13 |
Total exposure measure |
1,388,681 |
1,408,372 |
1,355,218 |
1,242,971 |
1,212,857 |
14 |
Leverage ratio |
5.02% |
4.93% |
5.06% |
5.49% |
5.75% |
|
ADDITIONAL CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS TO ADDRESS THE EXCESSIVE LEVERAGE RISK (AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL EXPOSURE MEASURE) |
|||||
EU 14a |
Additional capital requirements to address the excessive leverage risk |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
EU 14b |
of which: to be met with CET1 capital |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
EU 14c |
Total SREP leverage ratio requirement |
3.00% |
3.00% |
3.00% |
3.23% |
3.23% |
|
LEVERAGE RATIO BUFFER REQUIREMENT AND OVERALL LEVERAGE RATIO REQUIREMENT (AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL EXPOSURE MEASURE) |
|||||
EU 14d |
Leverage ratio buffer requirement |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
EU 14e |
Overall leverage ratio requirement |
3.00% |
3.00% |
3.00% |
3.23% |
3.23% |
|
LIQUIDITY COVERAGE RATIO |
|||||
15 |
Total High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) (weighted average) |
220,984 |
210,361 |
185,958 |
218,414 |
222,399 |
EU 16a |
Cash outflows – Total weighted value |
208,095 |
228,626 |
225,657 |
223,048 |
205,973 |
EU 16b |
Cash inflows – Total weighted value |
66,970 |
79,433 |
84,314 |
76,936 |
67,903 |
16 |
Total net cash outflows (adjusted value) |
141,125 |
149,192 |
141,342 |
146,113 |
138,069 |
17 |
Liquidity coverage ratio |
156.59% |
141.00% |
131.57% |
149.48% |
161.08% |
|
NET STABLE FUNDING REQUIREMENT |
|||||
18 |
Total available stable funding (ASF) |
828,977 |
854,269 |
843,577 |
875,246 |
875,323 |
19 |
Total RSF |
780,086 |
783,702 |
773,139 |
767,840 |
756,669 |
20 |
NSFR ratio |
106.27% |
109.00% |
109.11% |
113.99% |
115.68% |
6.1.1 Types of risk
Risk macro-categories |
Definition |
Credit and counterparty risks |
The risk of loss resulting from the inability of clients, issuers or other counterparties to honor their financial commitments. It includes counterparty risk related to market transactions (replacement risk) and securitization activities. It can be exacerbated by concentration risk. |
Financial risks |
|
•
Market risk |
The risk of loss of value on financial instruments resulting from changes in market inputs, from the volatility of these inputs or from the correlations between these inputs. Inputs include exchange rates, interest rates and prices of securities (equities, bonds), commodities, derivatives or any other assets, such as real estate assets. |
•
Liquidity risk |
The risk that the Group cannot meet its cash requirements or collateral requirements when they fall due and at a reasonable cost. |
•
Structural interest rate risk |
The risk of loss in interest income or in the value of a fixed-rate structural position in the event of changes in interest rates. Structural interest rate risks are associated with commercial activities and proprietary transactions. |
•
Credit spread risk |
The risk associated with a decline in the creditworthiness of a specific issuer or a specific category of issuers. |
•
Exchange rate risk |
The risk of loss in interest income or in the value of a fixed-rate structural position in the event of changes in exchange rates. Structural interest rate and foreign exchange risks are associated with commercial activities and proprietary transactions. |
Non-financial risks |
|
•
Non-compliance risk |
The risk of a legal, administrative or disciplinary penalty, material financial loss or reputational risk arising from a failure to comply with the provisions specific to banking and financial activities (whether these are stipulated by directly applicable national or European laws or regulations), with professional or ethical standards, or instructions from executive management, notably issued in accordance with the policies of the supervisory body. |
•
Operational risk |
The risk of loss resulting from inadequacies or malfunctions attributable to procedures, employees and internal systems (including in particular information systems) or external events, including events with a low probability of occurrence, but with a risk of high loss. |
•
Insurance underwriting risks |
In addition to asset-liability risk management (interest rate, valuation, counterparty and foreign exchange risks), these risks include pricing risk in respect of mortality risk premiums and structural risks related to life and non-life insurance activities, including pandemics, accidents and disasters (earthquakes, hurricanes, industrial accidents, terrorist acts and military conflicts). |
Strategic business and ecosystem risks |
|
•
Solvency risk |
The risk that the company will be unable to honor its long-term commitments and/or ensure the continuity of its ordinary operations in the future. |
•
Climate risk |
Vulnerability of banking activities to climate change, where a distinction can be made between physical risk directly relating to climate change and transition risk associated with efforts to combat climate change. |
6.2 Risk factors
The banking and financial environment in which Groupe BPCE operates exposes it to a multitude of risks and requires it to implement an increasingly demanding and rigorous policy to control and manage these risks (see Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No. 2017/1129 known as “Prospectus 3” of June 14, 2017, the provisions of which relating to risk factors entered into force on July 21, 2019).
Some of the risks to which Groupe BPCE is exposed are set out below. However, this is not a comprehensive list of all of the risks incurred by Groupe BPCE in the course of conducting its business or given the environment in which it operates. The risks presented below are those identified to date as significant and specific to Groupe BPCE, and liable to have a material adverse impact on its business, financial position and/or results. For each of the risk sub-classes listed below, the risk factor considered to date by Groupe BPCE as the most significant is listed first.
The risks presented below are those identified to date as liable to have an adverse impact on the businesses of BPCE SA group and BPCE SA.
Groupe BPCE may be vulnerable to political, macro-economic and financial environments or to specific circumstances in its countries of operation.
Some Groupe BPCE entities are exposed to country risk, which is the risk that economic, financial, political or social conditions in a foreign country (particularly in countries where the Group conducts business) may affect their financial interests. Groupe BPCE predominantly does business in France (81% of net banking income for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022) and North America (11% of net banking income for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022), with other European countries and the rest of the world accounting for 4% and 4%, respectively, of net banking income for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Note 12.6 “Locations by country” to the consolidated financial statements of Groupe BPCE, contained in the 2022 universal registration document, lists the entities established in each country and gives a breakdown of net banking income and income before tax by country of establishment.
A significant change in the political or macro-economic environment of such countries or regions may generate additional expenses or reduce profits earned by Groupe BPCE.
The extent of the imbalances to be eliminated (mismatch between supply and demand in the goods and labor markets, public and private debt, inflationary mechanics of expectations, heterogeneity of geographical and sectoral situations), combined with numerous overlapping global risks, can always tip developed economies into a downward spiral. To date, these joint threats mainly relate to: geopolitical and health uncertainties (risks on supplies and value chains, evolution of the Russian-Ukrainian military situation and sanctions against Russia, increased tension between Taiwan and China, availability of nuclear weapons in Iran, effective challenge to the zero-Covid policy in China); the development of protectionist trends, particularly in the United States (such as the Chips Act - $270 billion - and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) - $370 billion - enacted in August 2022, both of which massively subsidize the microprocessor industry and renewable energies); delays in the negative impacts of successive monetary tightening and reduced budget support; contract renegotiations, particularly for natural gas and electricity in the Euro zone. In addition, the development of the war in Ukraine, by its geographical proximity, maintains both uncertainty and fear and weariness in the face of the continuation of rapid repetitive crises, especially after the pandemic.
In addition to any serious economic disruption, such as current inflation and its impact on the economy, or such as the financial crisis of 2008 or the sovereign debt crisis in Europe in 2011 or a major geopolitical crisis, could have a significant negative impact on all Groupe BPCE activities, in particular if the disruption is characterized by a lack of market liquidity making it difficult for Groupe BPCE to obtain funding. In particular, some risks do not occur in the normal economic cycle because they are externally generated. Examples include the increase in credit risk associated with corporate debt around the world (leveraged loans market) and the threat of the Covid-19 epidemic growing even worse, or the longer-term impacts of climate change. During the financial crisis of 2008 and 2011, the financial markets were subject to strong volatility in response to various events, including but not limited to the decline in oil and commodity prices, the slowdown in emerging economies and turbulence on the equity markets, which directly or indirectly impacted several Groupe BPCE businesses (primarily securities transactions and financial services).
Similarly, the armed conflict triggered by the Russian Federation following its invasion of Ukraine constitutes a significant change that directly or indirectly penalizes the economic activity of the counterparties financed by Groupe BPCE, and entails additional expenses for or reduces the profits of Groupe BPCE, in particular by discontinuing its activities in this geographical area. For information, as of December 31, 2022, Ukrainian counterparties were impaired in the amount of €35 million, corresponding to a gross exposure of €91 million. The Russian counterparties were impaired in the amount of €85 million corresponding to a gross exposure of €1,088 million. These exposures are very limited in view of Groupe BPCE’s €939 billion in gross outstanding loans and advances at amortized cost at December 31, 2022 (customers and banks).
For more detailed information, see Sections 4.2.1 “Economic and financial environment” and 4.7 “Outlook for Groupe BPCE” of the 2022 universal registration document.
The risk of a pandemic (such as the coronavirus - Covid-19) and its economic consequences may adversely impact the Group’s operations, results and financial position.
The emergence of Covid-19 in late 2019 and rapid spread of the pandemic across the globe led to a deterioration in economic conditions in multiple business sectors, a deterioration in the financial position of economic players, while also disrupting the financial markets. In response, many affected countries were forced to implement preventive health measures (closed borders, lockdown measures, restrictions on certain economic activities, etc.). Government (guaranteed loans, tax and social assistance, etc.) and banking (moratoriums) schemes were put in place. Some counterparties may emerge weakened from this unprecedented period.
Massive fiscal and monetary policy measures to support activity were put in place between 2020 and 2022, notably by the French government (State-guaranteed loans for businesses and professional customers, for individual customers, short-time working measures as well as numerous other fiscal, social and bill-paying measures) and by the European Central Bank (more abundant and cheaper access to very large refinancing packages). Groupe BPCE has actively participated in the French State-guaranteed loan program in the interest of financially supporting its customers and helping them overcome the effects of this crisis on their activities and income (e.g. automatic six-month deferral on loans to certain professional customers and micro-enterprises/SMEs). There is no way to guarantee, however, that such measures will be enough to offset the negative impacts of the pandemic on the economy or to fully stabilize the financial markets over the long term. In particular, the repayment of State-guaranteed loans may lead to defaults on the part of borrowers and financial losses for Groupe BPCE up to the portion not guaranteed by the State.
On July 8, 2021, Groupe BPCE announced its BPCE 2024 strategic plan. It is structured around the following three strategic priorities: (i) a winning spirit, with €1.5 billion in additional revenues in five priority areas, (ii) customers, by offering them the highest quality service with an adapted relationship model, and (iii) the climate, through concrete and measurable commitments that are part of a Net zero trajectory. The BPCE 2024 strategic plan is based on the following three key principles: (i) be simple: because Groupe BPCE seeks efficiency and customer satisfaction, it aims for greater simplicity; (ii) be innovative: because Groupe BPCE is driven by an entrepreneurial spirit and is aware of the reality of the changes underway, it strengthens its capacity for innovation; and (iii) be safe, because Groupe BPCE is committed to a long-term approach, it prioritizes the security of its development model with regard to its ambitions. These strategic objectives were developed in the context of the Covid-19 crisis, which has acted as an indicator and accelerator of fundamental trends (in particular, digitization, hybrid work, energy transition) and reflects Groupe BPCE’s desire to accelerate its development by supporting its customers in their economic recovery and their projects to emerge from the health crisis. The success of the BPCE 2024 strategic plan is based on a very large number of initiatives to be implemented within the various business lines of Groupe BPCE. Although many of these targets can be achieved, it is possible that not all of them will be, nor is it possible to predict which of these goals will not. The BPCE 2024 strategic plan also calls for significant investments, but if the plan’s objectives are not met, the return on these investments may be lower than expected. If Groupe BPCE does not achieve the targets defined in its BPCE 2024 strategic plan, its financial position and results could be more or less significantly affected.
The physical and transition components of climate risk, together with their repercussions for economic players, could adversely affect the activities, income and financial position of Groupe BPCE.
The risks associated with climate change are factors that exacerbate existing risks, including credit risk, operational risk and market risk. In particular, BPCE is exposed to physical and transition climate risk. They potentially carry an image and/or reputation risk.
Physical risk leads to increased economic costs and financial losses resulting from the severity and increased frequency of extreme weather events related to climate change (such as heat waves, landslides, floods, late frosts, fires and storms), as well as long-term gradual changes in climate (such as changes in rainfall patterns, extreme weather variability, and rising sea levels and average temperatures). It could have an extensive impact in terms of scope and magnitude, that may affect a wide variety of geographic areas and economic sectors relevant to Groupe BPCE. For example, the Cévennes episodes that affect the south-east of France every year can cause buildings, factories and offices to flood, slowing down or even making it impossible for some of the Group’s customers to carry out their activities. Moreover, physical climate risk can spread along the value chain of Groupe BPCE’s corporate customers, which can lead to default and thus generate financial losses for Groupe BPCE. These physical climate risks are likely to increase and could lead to significant losses for Groupe BPCE.
The transition risk is connected to the process of adjusting to a low-carbon economy. The process of reducing emissions is likely to have a significant impact on all sectors of the economy by affecting the value of financial assets and the profitability of companies. The increase in costs related to this energy transition for economic players, whether corporates or individual customers, could lead to an increase in defaults and thus significantly increase Groupe BPCE’s losses. For example, the French “Énergie-Climat” law of November 8, 2019 is expected to limit from 2023, and completely limit from 2028, the sale and rental of real estate with very low energy performances. Some of Groupe BPCE’s customers will therefore have to plan renovation work for a possible future sale or lease of such type of properties. The risk lies in the impossibility for Groupe BPCE’s customers to carry out this costly work and consequently being unable to complete the financial transaction necessary to balance their budget. These customers of Groupe BPCE could therefore become insolvent, which would result in significant financial losses for Groupe BPCE.
Groupe BPCE may encounter difficulties in adapting, implementing and incorporating its policy governing acquisitions or joint ventures.
Although acquisitions are not a major part of Groupe BPCE’s current strategy, the Group may nonetheless consider acquisition or partnership opportunities in the future. Although Groupe BPCE carries out an in-depth analysis of any potential acquisitions or joint ventures, in general it is impossible to carry out an exhaustive appraisal in every respect. As a result, Groupe BPCE may have to manage initially unforeseen liabilities. Similarly, the results of the acquired company or joint venture may prove disappointing and the expected synergies may not be realized in whole or in part, or the transaction may give rise to higher-than-expected costs. Groupe BPCE may also encounter difficulties with the consolidation of new entities. The failure of an announced acquisition or failure to consolidate a new entity or joint venture may place a strain on Groupe BPCE’s profitability. This situation may also lead to the departure of key employees. In the event that Groupe BPCE is obliged to offer financial incentives to its employees in order to retain them, this situation may also lead to an increase in costs and a decline in profitability. Joint ventures expose Groupe BPCE to additional risks and uncertainties in that it may depend on systems, controls and persons that are outside its control and may, in this respect, see its liability incurred, suffer losses or incur damage to its reputation. Moreover, conflicts or disagreements between Groupe BPCE and its joint venture partners may have a negative impact on the targeted benefits of the joint venture. At December 31, 2022, the total investments accounted for using the equity method amounted to €1.7 billion. For further information, please refer to Note 12.4 “Partnerships and associates” to the consolidated financial statements of Groupe BPCE, included in the 2022 universal registration document.
Intense competition in France, Groupe BPCE’s main market, or internationally, may cause its net income and profitability to decline.
Groupe BPCE’s main business lines operate in a very competitive environment both in France and other parts of the world where it does substantial business. This competition is heightened by consolidation, either through mergers and acquisitions or cooperation and arrangements. Consolidation has created a certain number of companies which, like Groupe BPCE, can offer a wide range of products and services ranging from insurance, loans and deposits to brokerage, investment banking and asset management. Groupe BPCE is in competition with other entities based on a number of factors, including the execution of transactions, products and services offered, innovation, reputation and price. If Groupe BPCE is unable to maintain its competitiveness in France or in its other major markets by offering a range of attractive and profitable products and services, it may lose market share in certain key business lines or incur losses in some or all of its activities.
For example, at December 31, 2022, in France, Groupe BPCE was the number one bank for SMEs(1), and number two for individual(2). It has a 26.2% market share in home loans(2). For Retail Banking and Insurance, customer loan outstandings amounted to €701 billion and customer deposits & savings(3) to €888 billion (for more information on the contribution of each business line, and each network, see Section 1.4 “The Group’s business lines” of the 2022 universal registration document).
In addition, any slowdown in the global economy or in the economies in which Groupe BPCE’s main markets are located is likely to increase competitive pressure, in particular through increased pressure on prices and a contraction in the volume of activity of Groupe BPCE and its competitors. New, more competitive rivals subject to separate or more flexible regulation or other prudential ratio requirements could also enter the market. These new market participants would thus be able to offer more competitive products and services. Advances in technology and the growth of e-commerce have made it possible for institutions other than custodians to offer products and services that were traditionally considered as banking products, and for financial institutions and other companies to provide electronic and internet-based financial solutions, including electronic securities trading. These new entrants may put downward pressure on the price of Groupe BPCE’s products and services or affect Groupe BPCE’s market share. Advances in technology could lead to rapid and unexpected changes on Groupe BPCE’s markets of operation. Groupe BPCE’s competitive position, net earnings and profitability may be adversely affected should it prove unable to adequately adapt its activities or strategy in response to such changes.
Groupe BPCE’s ability to attract and retain skilled employees is paramount to the success of its business and failing to do so may affect its performance.
The employees of Groupe BPCE entities are the Group’s most valuable resource. Competition to attract qualified employees is fierce in many areas of the financial services sector. Groupe BPCE’s earnings and performance depend on its ability to attract new employees and retain and motivate existing employees. Changes in the economic environment (in particular tax and other measures aimed at limiting the pay of banking sector employees) may compel Groupe BPCE to transfer its employees from one unit to another, or reduce the workforce in certain business lines, which may cause temporary disruptions due to the time required for employees to adapt to their new duties, and may limit Groupe BPCE’s ability to benefit from improvements in the economic environment. This may prevent Groupe BPCE from taking advantage of potential opportunities in terms of sales or efficiency, which could in turn affect its performance.
At December 31, 2022, Groupe BPCE had 99,800 employees. 8,700 permanent employees were recruited during the year (for more information, see Section 2.4 “A committed and socially responsible group” of the 2022 universal registration document).
Significant changes in interest rates may have a material adverse impact on Groupe BPCE’s net banking income and profitability.
The net interest margin collected by Groupe BPCE during a given period represents a significant portion of its net banking income. Consequently, changes in the latter have a significant impact on Groupe BPCE’s profitability. The cost of the resource as well as the conditions of return on the asset and in particular those attached to new production are therefore very sensitive elements, particularly to factors that may be beyond Groupe BPCE’s control. These significant changes can have significant temporary or lasting repercussions, even if the rise in interest rates should be generally favorable in the medium to long term.
(2) |
Retail market share: 21.9% in household savings and 26.2% in mortgage loans to households (Banque de France Q3-2022). Overall penetration rate of 29.7% (rank 2) among retail customers (SOFIA Kantar study, March 2021). For professionals: 38.4% (rank 2) penetration rate among professional customers and individual entrepreneurs (Pépites CSA 2020-2021 survey). |
After a decade of low or even negative interest rates, a sharp and rapid rise in interest rates and strong inflationary pressures have emerged, reinforced by the consequences of the health crisis and the conflict in Ukraine. The exposure to interest rate risk was increased by the combination of unfavorable elements, namely the increase in inflation (major impact on regulated rates), the rapid exit from the negative interest rate policy (deposit arbitrage), the rise in interbank spreads, while, conversely, new loan production is constrained by the attrition rate and the competitive environment.
The sensitivity of the net present value of Groupe BPCE’s balance sheet to a +/-200 bp variation in interest rates remains below the 15% Tier 1 limit. At December 31, 2022, Groupe BPCE’s sensitivity to interest rate increases stood at -13.94% compared to Tier 1 versus -11.37% at December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, the small upward shock (+25 bps) would have a negative impact of 1.4% on the projected net interest margin (expected loss of €91 million) over a rolling year, whereas the small downward scenario (-25 bps) would have a positive impact of 1.5% (expected gain of €95 million).
Market fluctuations and volatility expose Groupe BPCE to losses in its trading and investment activities, which may adversely impact Groupe BPCE’s results and financial position.
In the course of its third-party trading or investment activities, Groupe BPCE may carry positions in the bond, currency, commodity and equity markets, and in unlisted securities, real estate assets and other asset classes. These positions may be affected by volatility on the markets (especially the financial markets), i.e. the degree of price fluctuations over a given period on a given market, regardless of the levels on the market in question. Certain market configurations and fluctuations may also generate losses on a broad range of trading and hedging products used, including swaps, futures, options and structured products, which could adversely impact Groupe BPCE’s results and financial position. Similarly, extended market declines and/or major crises may reduce the liquidity of certain asset classes, making it difficult to sell certain assets and in turn generating material losses.
The market risk-weighted assets totaled €15.4 billion, i.e. around 3% of Groupe BPCE’s total risk-weighted assets, on December 31, 2022. For information, the weight of Corporate & Investment Banking activities in the Group’s net banking income was 15% for the year 2022. For more detailed information and examples, see Note 10.1.2 “Analysis of financial assets and liabilities classified in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy” to the consolidated financial statements of Groupe BPCE, included in the 2022 universal registration document.
Groupe BPCE is dependent on its access to funding and other sources of liquidity, which may be limited for reasons outside its control, thus potentially having a material adverse impact on its results.
Access to short-term and long-term funding is critical for the conduct of Groupe BPCE’s business. Non-collateralized sources of funding for Groupe BPCE include deposits, issues of long-term debt and short/medium-term negotiable debt securities, banks loans and credit lines. Groupe BPCE also uses guaranteed financing, in particular through the conclusion of repurchase agreements and the issuance of covered bonds. If Groupe BPCE were unable to access the secured and/or unsecured debt market at conditions deemed acceptable, or incurred an unexpected outflow of cash or collateral, including a significant decline in customer deposits, its liquidity may be negatively affected. Furthermore, if Groupe BPCE were unable to maintain a satisfactory level of customer deposits (e.g. in the event its competitors offer higher rates of return on deposits), it may be forced to obtain funding at higher rates, which would reduce its net interest income and results.
Groupe BPCE’s liquidity, and therefore its results, may also be affected by unforeseen events outside its control, such as general market disruptions, which may in particular be related to geopolitical or health crises, operational hardships affecting third parties, negative opinions on financial services in general or on the short/long-term outlook for Groupe BPCE, changes in Groupe BPCE’s credit rating, or even the perception of the position of Groupe BPCE or other financial institutions among market operators.
Groupe BPCE’s access to the capital markets, and the cost of long-term unsecured funding, are directly related to changes in its credit spreads on the bond and credit derivatives markets, which it can neither predict nor control. Liquidity constraints may have a material adverse impact on Groupe BPCE’s financial position, results and ability to meet its obligations to its counterparties. Similarly, a change in the monetary policy stance, in particular that of the European Central Bank, may impact Groupe BPCE’s financial position.
However, to deal with these risk factors, Groupe BPCE has liquidity reserves made up of cash deposits with central banks and available securities and receivables eligible for central bank refinancing. Groupe BPCE’s liquidity reserve amounted to €322 billion on December 31, 2022, covering 150% short-term funding and short-term maturities of MLT debt. The one-month LCR (Liquidity Coverage Ratio) averaged 142% over 12 months on December 31, 2022 versus 161% on December 31, 2021. Given the importance of these risks for Groupe BPCE in terms of impact and probability, these risks are monitored proactively and closely, with Groupe BPCE also pursuing a very active policy of diversification of its investors.
Changes in the fair value of Groupe BPCE’s portfolios of securities and derivative products, and its own debt, are liable to have an adverse impact on the net carrying amount of these assets and liabilities, and as a result on Groupe BPCE’s net income and equity.
The net carrying amount of Groupe BPCE’s securities, derivative products and other types of assets at fair value, and of its own debt, is adjusted (at balance sheet level) at the date of each new financial statement. These adjustments are predominantly based on changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities during an accounting period, i.e. changes taken to profit or loss or recognized directly in other comprehensive income. Changes recorded in the income statement, but not offset by corresponding changes in the fair value of other assets, have an impact on net banking income and thus on net income. All fair value adjustments have an impact on equity and thus on Groupe BPCE’s capital adequacy ratios. Such adjustments are also liable to have an adverse impact on the net carrying amount of Groupe BPCE’s assets and liabilities, and thus on its net income and equity. The fact that fair value adjustments are recorded over an accounting period does not mean that additional adjustments will not be necessary in subsequent periods.
On December 31, 2022, financial assets at fair value totaled €193 billion (with approximately €182 billion in financial assets at fair value held for trading purposes) and financial liabilities at fair value totaled €185 billion (with €156 billion in financial liabilities at fair value held for trading purposes). For more detailed information, see also Note 4.3 “Gains (losses) on financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss”, Note 4.4 “Gains (losses) on financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income before tax”, Note 5.2 “Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss” and Note 5.4 “Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income” to the consolidated financial statements of Groupe BPCE in the 2022 universal registration document.
Groupe BPCE’s revenues from brokerage and other activities associated with fee and commission income may decrease in the event of market downturns.
A market downturn is liable to lower the volume of transactions (particularly financial services and securities transactions) executed by Groupe BPCE entities for their customers and as a market maker, thus reducing the net banking income from these activities. In particular, in the event of a decline in market conditions, Groupe BPCE may record a lower volume of customer transactions and a drop in the corresponding fees, thus reducing revenues earned from this activity. Furthermore, as management fees invoiced by Groupe BPCE entities to their customers are generally based on the value or performance of portfolios, any decline in the markets causing the value of these portfolios to decrease or generating an increase in the amount of redemptions would reduce the revenues earned by these entities through the distribution of mutual funds or other investment products (for the Caisses d’Epargne and the Banques Populaires) or through asset management activities, by an unfavorable evolution of management or superperformance fees. In addition, any deterioration in the economic environment could have an unfavorable impact on the seed money contributed to asset management structures with a risk of partial or total loss.
Even where there is no market decline, if funds managed for third parties throughout Groupe BPCE and other Groupe BPCE products underperform the market, redemptions may increase and/or inflows decrease as a result, with a potential corresponding impact on revenues from the asset management business.
In 2022, the total net amount of fees and commissions received was €11,929 million, representing 46% of Groupe BPCE’s net banking income. The revenues earned from fees and commissions for financial services came to €513 million and the revenues earned from fees and commissions for securities transactions amounted to €237 million. For more detailed information on the amounts of fees and commissions received by Groupe BPCE, see Note 4.2 (“Fee and commission income and expenses”) to the consolidated financial statements of Groupe BPCE in the 2022 universal registration document.
Downgraded credit ratings could have an adverse impact on BPCE’s funding cost, profitability and business continuity.
Groupe BPCE’s long-term ratings on December 31, 2022 were AA- for Fitch Ratings, A1 for Moody’s, A+ for R&I and A for Standard & Poor’s. The decision to downgrade these credit ratings may have a negative impact on the funding of BPCE and its affiliates active in the financial markets. A ratings downgrade may affect Groupe BPCE’s liquidity and competitive position, increase funding costs, limit access to financial markets and trigger obligations under some bilateral contracts governing trading, derivative and collateralized funding transactions, thus adversely impacting its profitability and business continuity.
Furthermore, BPCE’s unsecured long-term funding cost is directly linked to its credit spreads (the yield spread over and above the yield on government issues with the same maturity that is paid to bond investors), which in turn are heavily dependent on its ratings. An increase in credit spreads may materially raise BPCE’s funding cost. Shifts in credit spreads are correlated to the market and sometimes subject to unforeseen and highly volatile changes. Credit spreads are also influenced by market perception of issuer solvency and are associated with changes in the purchase price of Credit Default Swaps backed by certain BPCE debt securities. Accordingly, a change in perception of an issuer solvency due to a rating downgrade could have an adverse impact on that issuer’s profitability and business continuity.
Groupe BPCE is exposed to credit and counterparty risks that could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial position and income.
Groupe BPCE is significantly exposed to credit and counterparty risk through its financing or market activities. The Group could thus incur losses in the event of default by one or more counterparties, in particular if the Group encounters legal or other difficulties in exercising its collateral or if the value of the collateral does not allow it to fully cover the exposure in the event of a default. Despite the due diligence carried out by the Group, aimed at limiting the effects of having a concentrated credit portfolio, counterparty defaults may be amplified within a specific economic sector or world region by the effects of interdependence between these counterparties. Default by one or more major counterparties could thus have a material adverse effect on the Group’s cost of risk, income and financial position.
For information, on December 31, 2022, Groupe BPCE’s gross exposure to credit risk amounted to €1,484 billion, with the following breakdown for the main types of counterparty: 38% for retail customers, 28% for corporates, 17% for central banks and other sovereign exposures, and 6% for the public sector and similar entities. The credit risk-weighted assets amounted to €400 billion (including counterparty risk).
The main economic sectors to which the Group was exposed in its non-financial corporations portfolio were Real Estate (37% of gross exposures at December 31, 2022), Wholesale and Retail Trade (11%), Finance/Insurance (10%) and Manufacturing industry (7%).
Groupe BPCE develops its activities mainly in France. The Group’s gross exposure (gross carrying amount) to France was €1,046 billion, representing 84% of the total gross exposure. The remaining exposures were mainly concentrated in the United States, for 5%, with other countries accounting for 11% of the total gross exposures.
For further information, please see Chapters 5 “Credit risks” and 6 “Counterparty risk” in this document.
A substantial increase in impairments or provisions for expected credit losses recognized in respect of Groupe BPCE’s portfolio of loans and advances could have a material adverse effect on its income and financial position.
In the course of its lending activities, Groupe BPCE regularly recognizes charges for asset impairments in order to reflect, if necessary, actual or potential losses on its portfolio of loans and advances. Such impairments are booked in the income statement under “Cost of risk.” Groupe BPCE’s total charges for asset impairments are based on the Group’s measurement of past losses on loans, volumes and types of loans granted, industry standards, loans in arrears, economic conditions and other factors associated with the recoverability of various types of loans. While Groupe BPCE makes every effort to set aside a sufficient level of provisions for asset impairment expenses, its lending activities may cause it in the future to have to increase its expenses for losses on loans, due to a rise in non-performing loans or for other reasons such as the deterioration of market conditions or factors affecting certain countries. Any substantial increase in charges for losses on loans, material change in Groupe BPCE’s estimate of the risk of loss associated with its portfolio of loans, or any loss on loans exceeding past impairment expenses, could have an adverse impact on Groupe BPCE’s results and financial position.
For information, Groupe BPCE’s cost of risk amounted to €2,000 million in 2022 compared to €1,783 million in 2021, with credit risks accounting for 87% of Groupe BPCE’s risk-weighted assets. On the basis of gross exposures, 38% relate to retail customers and 28% to corporate customers (of which 70% of exposures are located in France).
Consequently, the risk associated with a significant increase in impairment expenses on assets booked to Groupe BPCE’s loans and advances portfolio is significant for Groupe BPCE in terms of impact and probability, and is therefore monitored carefully and proactively. In addition, prudential requirements supplement these provisioning mechanisms via the prudential backstop process, which results in a total deduction in equity of non-performing loans beyond a certain maturity in line with the quality of the guarantees and according to a regulatory timetable.
A decline in the financial strength and performance of other financial institutions and market players may have an unfavorable impact on Groupe BPCE.
Groupe BPCE’s ability to execute transactions may be affected by a decline in the financial strength of other financial institutions and market players. Institutions are closely interconnected owing to their trading, clearing, counterparty and financing operations. A default by a significant sector player (systematic risk), or even mere rumors or concerns regarding one or more financial institutions or the financial industry in general, may lead to a general contraction in market liquidity and subsequently to losses or further defaults in the future. Groupe BPCE is directly or indirectly exposed to various financial counterparties, such as investment service providers, commercial or investment banks, clearing houses and CCPs, mutual funds, hedge funds, and other institutional clients, with which it regularly conducts transactions. The default or failure of any such counterparties may have an adverse impact on Groupe BPCE’s financial position. Moreover, Groupe BPCE may be exposed to the risk associated with the growing involvement of operators subject to little or no regulation in its business sector and to the emergence of new products subject to little or no regulation (including in particular crowdfunding and trading platforms). This risk would be exacerbated if the assets held as collateral by Groupe BPCE could not be sold or if their selling price would not cover all of Groupe BPCE’s exposure to defaulted loans or derivatives, or in the event of fraud, embezzlement or other misappropriation of funds committed by financial sector participants in general to which Groupe BPCE is exposed, or if a key market operator such as a CCP defaults.
The exposures to “financial institutions” represented 4% of Groupe BPCE’s total gross exposures (€1,484 billion) on December 31, 2022. In geographic terms, 69% of gross exposures to “institutions” are located in France.
In the event of non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations, Groupe BPCE could be exposed to significant fines and other administrative and criminal penalties that could have a material adverse effect on its financial position, activities and reputation.
The risk of non-compliance is defined as the risk of sanction – judicial, administrative or disciplinary – but also of financial loss or damage to reputation, resulting from non-compliance with laws and regulations, professional standards and practices, and ethical standards specific to banking and insurance activities, whether national or international.
The banking and insurance sectors are subject to increased regulatory oversight, both in France and internationally. Recent years have seen a particularly substantial increase in the volume of new regulations that have introduced significant changes affecting both the financial markets and the relationships between investment service providers and customers or investors (e.g. MIFID II, PRIIPS, the directive on the Insurance Distribution, Market Abuse Regulation, fourth Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing directive, Personal Data Protection Regulation, Benchmark Index Regulation, etc.). These new regulations have major impacts on the company’s operational processes.
The realization of the risk of non-compliance could result, for example, in the use of inappropriate means to promote and market the bank’s products and services, inadequate management of potential conflicts of interest, the disclosure of confidential information, or privileged, failure to comply with due diligence on entering into relations with suppliers and customers, particularly in terms of financial security (in particular the fight against money laundering and the financing of terrorism, compliance with embargoes, the fight against fraud or corruption).
Within BPCE, the Compliance function is responsible for overseeing the system for preventing and managing non-compliance risks. Despite this system, Groupe BPCE remains exposed to the risk of fines or other significant sanctions from the regulatory and supervisory authorities, as well as civil or criminal legal proceedings that could have a significant adverse impact on its financial position, activities and reputation.
Any interruption or failure of the information systems belonging to Groupe BPCE or third parties may generate losses (including commercial losses) and may have a material adverse impact on Groupe BPCE’s results.
As is the case for the majority of its competitors, Groupe BPCE is highly dependent on information and communication systems, as a large number of increasingly complex transactions are processed in the course of its activities. Any failure, interruption or malfunction in these systems may cause errors or interruptions in the systems used to manage customer accounts, general ledgers, deposits, transactions and/or to process loans. For example, if Groupe BPCE’s information systems were to malfunction, even for a short period, the affected entities would be unable to meet their customers’ needs in time and could thus lose transaction opportunities. Similarly, a temporary failure in Groupe BPCE’s information systems despite back-up systems and contingency plans could also generate substantial information recovery and verification costs, or even a decline in its proprietary activities if, for example, such a failure were to occur during the implementation of a hedging transaction. The inability of Groupe BPCE’s systems to adapt to an increasing volume of transactions may also limit its ability to develop its activities and generate losses, particularly losses in sales, and may therefore have a material adverse impact on Groupe BPCE’s results.
Groupe BPCE is also exposed to the risk of malfunction or operational failure by one of its clearing agents, foreign exchange markets, clearing houses, custodians or other financial intermediaries or external service providers that it uses to carry out or facilitate its securities transactions. As interconnectivity with its customers continues to grow, Groupe BPCE may also become increasingly exposed to the risk of the operational malfunction of customer information systems. Groupe BPCE’s communication and information systems, and those of its customers, service providers and counterparties, may also be subject to failures or interruptions resulting from cybercriminal or cyberterrorist acts. For example, as a result of its digital transformation, Groupe BPCE’s information systems are becoming increasingly open to the outside (cloud computing, big data, etc.). Many of its processes are gradually going digital. Use of the Internet and connected devices (tablets, smartphones, apps used on tablets and mobiles, etc.) by employees and customers is on the rise, increasing the number of channels serving as potential vectors for attacks and disruptions, and the number of devices and applications vulnerable to attacks and disruptions. Consequently, the software and hardware used by Groupe BPCE’s employees and external agents are constantly and increasingly subject to cyberthreats. As a result of any such attacks, Groupe BPCE may face malfunctions or interruptions in its own systems or in third-party systems that may not be adequately resolved. Any interruption or failure of the information systems belonging to Groupe BPCE or third parties may generate losses (including commercial losses) due to the disruption of its operations and the possibility that its customers may turn to other financial institutions during and/or after any such interruptions or failures.
The risk associated with any interruption or failure of the information systems belonging to Groupe BPCE or third parties is significant for Groupe BPCE in terms of impact and probability, and is therefore carefully and proactively monitored.
Reputational and legal risks could unfavorably impact Groupe BPCE’s profitability and business outlook.
Groupe BPCE’s reputation is of paramount importance when it comes to attracting and retaining customers. The use of inappropriate means to promote and market Group products and services, inadequate management of potential conflicts of interest, legal and regulatory requirements, ethical issues, money laundering laws, economic sanctions, data security policies, sales and trading practices, and inadequate customer protection systems could adversely affect Groupe BPCE’s reputation. Its reputation could also be harmed by inappropriate employee behavior, cybercrime or cyber-terrorist attacks on Groupe BPCE’s information and communication systems, or any fraud, embezzlement or other misappropriation of funds committed by financial sector participants to which Groupe BPCE is exposed, or any legal ruling or regulatory action with a potentially unfavorable outcome. Any such harm to Groupe BPCE’s reputation may have a negative impact on its profitability and business outlook.
Ineffective management of reputational risk could also increase Groupe BPCE’s legal risk, the number of legal disputes in which it is involved and the amount of damages claimed, or may expose the Group to regulatory sanctions. For more information, see Chapter 10 “Legal risks” of this document. The financial consequences of these disputes may have an impact on the financial position of the Group, in which case they may also adversely impact Groupe BPCE’s profitability and business outlook.
Unforeseen events, such as a serious natural disaster, events related to climate risk (physical risk directly associated with climate change), new pandemics, attacks or any other emergency situation can cause an abrupt interruption in the operations of Groupe BPCE entities, affecting in particular the Group’s core business lines (liquidity, payment instruments, securities services, loans to individual and corporate customers, and fiduciary services) and trigger material losses, if the Group is not covered or not sufficiently covered by an insurance policy. These losses could relate to material assets, financial assets, market positions or key employees, and have a direct and potentially material impact on Groupe BPCE’s net income. Moreover, such events may also disrupt Groupe BPCE’s infrastructure, or that of a third party with which Groupe BPCE does business, and generate additional costs (relating in particular to the cost of re-housing the affected personnel) and increase Groupe BPCE’s costs (such as insurance premiums). Such events may invalidate insurance coverage of certain risks and thus increase Groupe BPCE’s overall level of risk.
At December 31, 2022, the operational risks accounted for 9% of Groupe BPCE’s risk-weighted assets, as on December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2022, Groupe BPCE’s losses in respect of operational risk could be primarily attributed to the “Payment and Settlements” business line (35%). They were concentrated in the Basel category external fraud for 40%.
The failure or inadequacy of Groupe BPCE’s risk management and hedging policies, procedures and strategies may expose it to unidentified or unexpected risks which may trigger unforeseen losses.
Groupe BPCE’s risk management and hedging policies, procedures and strategies may not succeed in effectively limiting its exposure to all types of market environments or all kinds of risks, and may even prove ineffective for some risks that the Group was unable to identify or anticipate. Furthermore, the risk management techniques and strategies employed by Groupe BPCE may not effectively limit its exposure to risk and do not guarantee that overall risk will actually be lowered. These techniques and strategies may prove ineffective against certain types of risk, in particular risks that Groupe BPCE had not already identified or anticipated, given that the tools used by Groupe BPCE to develop risk management procedures are based on assessments, analyses and assumptions that may prove inaccurate. Some of the indicators and qualitative tools used by Groupe BPCE to manage risk are based on the observation of past market performance. To measure risk exposures, the heads of risk management carry out a statistical analysis of these observations.
These tools or indicators may not be capable of predicting future exposure to risk. For example, these risk exposures may be due to factors that Groupe BPCE may not have anticipated or correctly assessed in its statistical models or due to unexpected or unprecedented shifts in the market. This would limit Groupe BPCE’s risk management capability. As a result, losses incurred by Groupe BPCE may be higher than those anticipated on the basis of past measurements. Moreover, the Group’s quantitative models cannot factor in all risks. While no significant problem has been identified to date, the risk management systems are subject to the risk of operational failure, including fraud. Some risks are subject to a more qualitative analysis, which may prove inadequate and thus expose Groupe BPCE to unexpected losses.
Actual results may vary compared to assumptions used to prepare Groupe BPCE’s financial statements, which may expose it to unexpected losses.
In accordance with current IFRS standards and interpretations, Groupe BPCE must base its financial statements on certain estimates, in particular accounting estimates relating to the determination of provisions for non-performing loans and advances, provisions for potential claims and litigation, and the fair value of certain assets and liabilities. If the values used for the estimates by Groupe BPCE prove to be materially inaccurate, in particular in the event of major and/or unexpected market trends, or if the methods used to calculate these values are modified due to future changes in IFRS standards or interpretations, Groupe BPCE may be exposed to unexpected losses.
Information on the use of estimates and judgments is provided in Note 2.3 “Use of estimates and judgments” to the consolidated financial statements of Groupe BPCE in the 2022 universal registration document.
Groupe BPCE generates 11% of its net banking income from its insurance businesses. The net banking income from life and non-life insurance activities amounted to €2,927 million for the year 2022, compared to €2,860 million for 2021.
A deterioration in market conditions, and in particular excessive interest rate increases or decreases, could have a material adverse impact on the personal insurance business and income of the Group.
The main risk to which Groupe BPCE’s insurance business subsidiaries are exposed in their personal insurance business is market risk. Exposure to market risk is mainly related to the capital guarantee as applicable to euro-denominated savings products.
Among market risks, interest rate risk is structurally significant for BPCE Assurances, as its general funds consist primarily of bonds. Interest rate fluctuations may:
in the case of higher rates: reduce the competitiveness of the euro-denominated offer (by making new investments more attractive) and trigger waves of redemptions and major arbitrages on unfavorable terms with unrealized capital losses on outstanding bonds;
in the case of lower rates: in the long term, make the return on general funds too low to enable them to honor their capital guarantees.
As a result of the allocation of general funds, the widening of spreads and the decline in the equity markets could also have a significant unfavorable impact on the results of Groupe BPCE’s life and health insurance business, through the recording of provisions for impairment due to the decline in the valuation of investments at fair value through profit or loss.
A mismatch between the loss experience expected by the insurer and the amounts actually paid by the Group to policyholders could have a significant adverse impact on its non-life insurance business and on the personal protection insurance portion of its insurance business, as well as its results and its financial position.
The main risk to which Groupe BPCE’s insurance business subsidiaries are exposed in connection with these latter activities is underwriting risk. This risk results from a mismatch between i) claims actually recorded and benefits actually paid as compensation for these claims and ii) the assumptions used by the subsidiaries to set the prices for their insurance products and to establish technical reserves for potential compensation.
The Group uses both its own experience and industry data to develop estimates of future policy benefits, including information used in pricing insurance products and establishing the related actuarial liabilities. However, actual experience may not match these estimates, and unforeseen risks such as pandemics or natural disasters could result in higher-than-expected payments to policyholders. In this respect, changes in climate phenomena (known as “physical” climate risks) are subject to particular vigilance.
In the event that the amounts actually paid by the Group to policyholders are greater than the underlying assumptions initially used to establish provisions, or if events or trends lead the Group to modify the underlying assumptions, the Group may be exposed to more significant liabilities than expected, which could have a negative impact on the non-life insurance business for the personal protection portion, as well as on the results and financial position of the Group.
The various actions taken over the last few years, particularly in terms of financial coverage, reinsurance, business diversification and management of investments, have also contributed to the solidity and resilience of the solvency of BPCE Assurances. It should be noted that the deterioration of the economic and financial environment, in particular the decline in the equity markets and the level of interest rates, could adversely affect the solvency of BPCE Assurances, by adversely affecting future margins.
Groupe BPCE is subject to significant regulation in France and in several other countries around the world where it operates; regulatory measures and changes could have a material adverse impact on Groupe BPCE’s business and results.
The business and results of Group entities may be materially impacted by the policies and actions of various regulatory authorities in France, other governments of the European Union, the United States, foreign governments and international organizations. Such constraints may limit the ability of Groupe BPCE entities to expand their businesses or conduct certain activities. The nature and impact of future changes in such policies and regulatory measures are unpredictable and are beyond Groupe BPCE’s control. Moreover, the general political environment has evolved unfavorably for banks and the financial industry, resulting in additional pressure on the part of legislative and regulatory bodies to adopt more stringent regulatory measures, despite the fact that these measures may have adverse consequences on lending and other financial activities, and on the economy. Because of the continuing uncertainty surrounding the new legislative and regulatory measures, it is not possible to predict what impact they will have on Groupe BPCE; however, this impact may be highly adverse.
Groupe BPCE may have to reduce the size of some of its activities to comply with new requirements. New measures are also liable to increase the cost of compliance with new regulations. This could cause revenues and consolidated profit to decline in the relevant business lines, sales to decline in certain activities and asset portfolios, and asset impairment expenses.
The purpose of the 2019 adoption of the final versions of the Banking Package was to align prudential requirements for banks with Basel III standards. The implementation of these reforms may result in higher capital and liquidity requirements, which could impact Groupe BPCE funding costs.
On November 11, 2020, the Financial Stability Board (“FSB”), in consultation with the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and national authorities, reported the 2020 list of global systemically important banks (“G-SIBs”). Groupe BPCE is classified as a G-SIB by the FSB. Groupe BPCE also appears on the list of global systematically important institutions (“G-SIIs”).
These regulatory measures, which may apply to various Groupe BPCE entities, and any changes in such measures may have a material adverse impact on Groupe BPCE’s business and results.
Legislation and regulations have recently been enacted or proposed in recent years with a view to introducing a number of changes, some permanent, in the global financial environment. These new measures, aimed at avoiding a new global financial crisis, have significantly altered the operating environment of Groupe BPCE and other financial institutions, and may continue to alter this environment in the future. Groupe BPCE is exposed to the risk associated with changes in legislation and regulations. These include the new prudential backstop rules, which measure the difference between the actual provisioning levels of defaulted loans and guidelines including target rates, depending on the age of the default and the presence of guarantees.
In today’s evolving legislative and regulatory environment, it is impossible to foresee the impact of these new measures on Groupe BPCE. The development of programs aimed at complying with these new legislative and regulatory measures (and updates to existing programs), and changes to the Group’s information systems in response to or in preparation for new measures generates significant costs for the Group, and may continue to do so in the future. Despite its best efforts, Groupe BPCE may also be unable to fully comply with all applicable laws and regulations and may thus be subject to financial or administrative penalties. Furthermore, new legislative and regulatory measures may require the Group to adapt its operations and/or may affect its results and financial position. Lastly, new regulations may require Groupe BPCE to strengthen its capital or increase its total funding costs.
The risk associated with regulatory measures and subsequent changes to such measures is significant for Groupe BPCE in terms of impact and probability, and is therefore carefully and proactively monitored.
BPCE may have to help entities belonging to the financial solidarity mechanism in the event they experience financial difficulties, including entities in which BPCE holds no economic interest.
As the central institution of Groupe BPCE, BPCE is responsible for ensuring the liquidity and solvency of each regional bank (Banques Populaires and Caisses d’Epargne) and the other members of the group of affiliates which have credit institution status subject to French regulations. The group of affiliates includes BPCE subsidiaries, such as Natixis, Crédit Foncier de France, Oney and Banque Palatine. For Groupe BPCE, all entities affiliated with the central institution of Groupe BPCE benefit from a guarantee and solidarity mechanism, the aim of which, in accordance with Articles L. 511-31, L. 512-107-5 and L. 512-107-6 of the French Monetary and Financial Code, is to ensure the liquidity and solvency of all affiliated entities and to organize financial solidarity throughout the Group.
This financial solidarity is based on legislative provisions establishing a legal principle of solidarity with obligation of results requiring the central institution to restore the liquidity or solvency of affiliates in difficulty, and/or all of the Group’s affiliates, by virtue of the unlimited nature of the principle of solidarity, BPCE is entitled at any time to ask any one or more or all of the affiliates to contribute to the financial efforts necessary to restore the situation, and may, if necessary, mobilize up to all the cash and cash equivalents of the affiliates in the event of difficulty for one or more of them.
The three guarantee funds created to cover Groupe BPCE’s liquidity and insolvency risks are described in Note 1.2 “Guarantee mechanism” to the consolidated financial statements of Groupe BPCE included in the 2022 universal registration document. At December 31, 2022, the Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne funds each contained €450 million. The Mutual Guarantee Fund holds €157 million in deposits per network. The regional banks are obligated to make additional contributions to the guarantee fund on their future profits. While the guarantee fund represents a substantial source of resources to fund the solidarity mechanism, there is no guarantee these revenues will be sufficient. If the guarantee funds prove insufficient, BPCE, due to its missions as a central institution, will have to do everything necessary to restore the situation and will have the obligation to make up the deficit by implementing the internal solidarity mechanism that it has put in place, by mobilizing its own resources, and may also make unlimited use of the resources of several or all of its affiliates.
As a result of this obligation, if a member of the Group were to encounter major financial difficulties, the event underlying these financial difficulties could have a negative impact on the financial position of BPCE and that of the other affiliates thus called upon to provide support under the principle of financial solidarity.
Investors in BPCE’s securities could suffer losses if BPCE and all of its affiliates were to be subject to liquidation or resolution procedures.
The EU regulation on the Single Resolution Mechanism No. 806/214 and the EU directive for the recovery and resolution of banks No. 2014/59, as amended by the EU directive No. 2019/879 (the “BRRD”), as transposed into French law in Book VI of the French Monetary and Financial Code, give the resolution authorities the power to impair BPCE securities or, in the case of debt securities, to convert them to equity.
Resolution authorities may write down or convert capital instruments, such as BPCE’s Tier 2 subordinated debt securities, if the issuing institution or the group to which it belongs is failing or likely to fail (and there is no reasonable prospect that another measure would avoid such failure within a reasonable time period), becomes non-viable, or requires extraordinary public support (subject to certain exceptions). They shall write down or convert capital instruments before opening a resolution proceeding, or if doing so is necessary to maintain the viability of an institution. Any write-down or conversion of capital instruments shall be effected in order of seniority, so that Common Equity Tier 1 instruments are to be written down first, then additional Tier 1 instruments are to be written down or converted to equity, followed by Tier 2 instruments. If the write-down or conversion of capital instruments is not sufficient to restore the financial health of the institution, the bail-in power held by the resolution authorities may be applied to write down or convert eligible liabilities, such as BPCE’s senior non-preferred and senior preferred securities.
At December 31, 2022, total Tier 1 capital amounted to €69.7 billion and Tier 2 prudential capital to €12.7 billion. The senior non-preferred debt instruments amounted to €26.8 billion at that date, of which €22.5 billion had a maturity of more than one year and were therefore eligible for TLAC and MREL at December 31, 2022.
As a result of the complete legal solidarity, and in the extreme case of a liquidation or resolution proceeding, one or more affiliates may not find itself subject to court-ordered liquidation, or be affected by resolution measures within the meaning of the “BRRD”, without all affiliates and BPCE also being affected. In accordance with Articles L. 613-29 and L. 613-5-5 of the French Monetary and Financial Code, the judicial liquidation proceedings and resolution measures are therefore brought in a coordinated manner with regard to the central institution and all of its affiliates.
Article L. 613-29 also provides that, in the event of court-ordered liquidation proceedings being brought against all affiliates, the external creditors (of the same rank or enjoying identical rights) of all affiliates would be treated equally according to the ranking of the creditors and regardless of whether they are attached to a particular affiliated entity. As a result, investors in AT1 instruments and other pari passu securities would be more affected than investors in Tier 2 instruments and other pari passu securities, which in turn would be more affected than investors in external senior non-preferred debt, which in turn would be more affected than investors in external senior preferred debt. Similarly, in the event of resolution, and in accordance with Article L. 613-55-5 of the French Monetary and Financial Code, identical depreciation and/or conversion rates would be applied to debts and receivables of the same rank, regardless of their attachment to a particular affiliated entity in the order of the hierarchy recalled above. Due to the systemic nature of Groupe BPCE and the assessment currently made by the resolution authorities, resolution measures would be more likely to be taken than the opening of judicial liquidation proceedings. A resolution procedure may be initiated against BPCE and all affiliated entities if (i) the default of BPCE and all affiliated entities is proven or foreseeable, (ii) there is no reasonable expectation that another measure could prevent this failure within a reasonable timeframe and (iii) a resolution measure is required to achieve the objectives of the resolution: (a) guarantee the continuity of critical functions, (b) avoid material adverse impacts to financial stability, (c) protect State resources by minimizing the use of exceptional public financial support and (d) protect client funds and assets, particularly those of depositors. Failure of an institution means that it does not respect requirements for continuing authorization, it is unable to pay its debts or other liabilities when they fall due, it requires extraordinary public financial support (subject to limited exceptions), or the value of its liabilities exceeds the value of its assets.
In addition to the bail-in power, resolution authorities are provided with broad powers to implement other resolution measures with respect to failing institutions or, under certain circumstances, their groups, which may include (without limitation): the total or partial sale of the institution’s business to a third party or a bridge institution, the separation of assets, the replacement or substitution of the institution as obligor in respect of debt instruments, modifications to the terms of debt instruments (including altering the maturity and/or the amount of interest payable and/or imposing a temporary suspension on payments), discontinuing the listing and admission to trading of financial instruments, the dismissal of managers or the appointment of a temporary administrator (administrateur spécial) and the issuance of new equity or own funds.
The exercise of the powers described above by resolution authorities could result in the partial or total write-down or conversion to equity of the capital instruments and the debt instruments issued by BPCE, or may substantially affect the amount of resources available to BPCE to make payments on such instruments, potentially causing BPCE investors to incur losses.
Tax legislation and its application in France and in countries where Groupe BPCE operates are likely to have an adverse impact on Groupe BPCE’s profits.
As a multinational banking group that carries out large and complex international transactions, Groupe BPCE (particularly Natixis) is subject to tax legislation in a large number of countries throughout the world, and structures its activity in compliance with applicable tax rules. Changes in tax schemes by the competent authorities in these countries could materially impact Groupe BPCE’s profits. Groupe BPCE manages its activities with a view to creating value from the synergies and sales capabilities of its various constituent entities. It also works to structure financial products sold to its customers from a tax efficiency standpoint. The structure of intra-group transactions and financial products sold by entities of Groupe BPCE are based on its own interpretations of applicable tax regulations and laws, generally based on opinions given by independent tax experts, and, as needed, on decisions or specific interpretations by the competent tax authorities. It is possible that in the future tax authorities may challenge some of these interpretations, as a result of which the tax positions of Groupe BPCE entities may be disputed by the tax authorities, potentially resulting in tax re-assessments, which may in turn have an adverse impact on Groupe BPCE’s results.
6.3 Risk management system
6.3.1 Adequacy of risk management systems
The Group Risk and Compliance Committee, chaired by the Chairman of the Management Board, met five times in 2022 to review the adequacy of Groupe BPCE’s risk management systems, and validated the annual review of the Group’s risk policies. These systems cover all risks, as described in the Ministerial Order of November 3, 2014 on internal control as amended by the Order of February 25, 2021.
6.4 Capital management and capital adequacy
6.4.1 Regulatory framework
Credit institutions’ capital is regularly monitored in accordance with regulations defined by the Basel Committee.
These regulations were reinforced following the introduction of Basel III, with an increase in the level of regulatory capital requirements and the introduction of new risk categories.
The Basel III recommendations were incorporated in EU directive 2013/36/EU (Capital Requirements Directive – CRD IV) and Regulation No. 575/2013 (Capital Requirements Regulation – CRR) of the European Parliament and of the Council amended by Regulation (EU) No. 2019/876 (the “CRR2”). As of January 1, 2014, all EU credit institutions are subject to compliance with the prudential requirements set out in these texts.
as of January 1, 2016, the capital buffers which can be used to absorb losses in the event of tensions.
a capital conservation buffer, comprised of Common Equity Tier 1, aimed at absorbing losses in times of serious economic stress,
a countercyclical buffer, aimed at protecting the banking sector from periods of excess aggregate credit growth. This Common Equity Tier 1 surcharge is supposed to be adjusted over time in order to increase capital requirements during periods in which credit growth exceeds its normal trend and to relax them during slowdown phases,
a systemic risk buffer for each Member State aimed at preventing and mitigating the systemic risks that are not covered by regulations (low for Groupe BPCE given its countries of operation),
the different systemic risk buffers aimed at reducing the risk of failure of systemically important financial institutions. These buffers are specific to each bank. Groupe BPCE is on the list of other systemically important institutions (O-SIIs) and global systemically important institutions (G-SIIs). As these buffers are not cumulative, the highest buffer applies.
capital requirements for the prudential supervision of market risk and operational risk, multiplied by 12.5.
Through December 31, 2019, these ratios were subject to a phase-in calculation aimed at gradually transitioning from Basel 2.5 to Basel III.
In 2022, Groupe BPCE is required to observe a minimum Common Equity Tier 1 ratio of 4.5% under Pillar I, a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 6% and, lastly, a minimum total capital ratio of 8%.
Alongside Pillar I minimum capital requirements, Groupe BPCE is subject to additional Tier 1 capital requirements:
as of January 1, 2019, the Tier 1 capital conservation buffer is 2.5% of the total amount of risk exposures;
Groupe BPCE’s countercyclical buffer equals the EAD-weighted average of the buffers defined for each of the Group’s countries of operation. Groupe BPCE’s maximum countercyclical buffer as from January 1, 2019 is 2.5%. With the majority of Groupe BPCE’s exposure being located in countries whose countercyclical buffer was set at zero, the Group considers that this rate will be very close to 0%;
the systemic risk buffer is applied to all exposures located in the Member State setting this buffer and/or to sectoral exposures located in the same Member State. As most of Groupe BPCE’s exposures are located in countries whose systemic risk buffer has been set at 0%, the Group considers that this rate will be very close to 0%.
Credit institutions must comply with the prudential requirements, which are based on three pillars that form an indivisible whole:
Pillar I sets minimum requirements for capital. It aims to ensure that banking institutions hold sufficient capital to provide a minimum level of coverage for their credit risk, market risk and operational risk. The bank can use standardized or advanced methods to calculate its capital requirement.
|
2021 |
2022 |
Minimum regulatory capital requirements |
|
|
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) |
4.5% |
4.5% |
Total Tier 1 capital (T1 = CET1 + AT1) |
6.0% |
6.0% |
Regulatory capital (T1 + T2) |
8.0% |
8.0% |
Additional requirements |
|
|
Capital conservation buffer |
2.5% |
2.5% |
G-SII buffer applicable to Groupe BPCE(1) |
1.0% |
1.0% |
Maximum countercyclical buffer applicable to Groupe BPCE(2) |
2.5% |
2.5% |
Maximum total capital requirements for Groupe BPCE |
|
|
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) |
10.5% |
10.5% |
Total Tier 1 capital (T1 = CET1 + AT1) |
12.0% |
12.0% |
Regulatory capital (T1 + T2) |
14.0% |
14.0% |
(1)
G-SII buffer: global systemic buffer. (2)
The countercyclical buffer requirement is calculated quarterly. |
Pillar II establishes a process of prudential supervision that complements and strengthens Pillar I.
a comparison by the banking supervisor of its own analysis of the bank’s risk profile with the analysis conducted by the bank, in order to adapt its choice of prudential measures where applicable, which may take the form of capital requirements exceeding the minimum requirements or any other appropriate technique.
6.5 Credit risks
The Group Risk division adapted its crisis management framework in 2022 to the new geopolitical and economic context induced by the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the ensuing increase in the cost of energy, generating high inflation and a rise in interest rates. Initiatives have been put in place to identify the sectors and counterparties that would be most impacted by this new crisis, both at the level of individual, professional and corporate customers.
6.5.1 Credit risk management
defining and implementing the standards and methods for risk taking and management within the Group’s consolidated scope in accordance with regulations;
establishing the principles of Risk division through global risk caps and monitoring compliance with them;
defining and reviewing the Group’s risk management systems by drawing up Group credit risk policies and defining individual limits on shared counterparties;
analyzing the non-delegated grant files of the Group’s subsidiaries and examine the main files managed in the Watchlist;
coordinating the Credit Risk functions, in particular through very frequent audio-conferences, national days, regional platforms or thematic working groups;
The overall credit risk policy is governed in particular by the risk appetite system, structured around the definition of the level of risk and risk appetite indicators. The balance between the search for profitability and the level of risk accepted is reflected in Groupe BPCE’s credit risk profile and is reflected in the Group’s credit risk management policies. Groupe BPCE refrains from engaging in activities over which it has insufficient control. Activities with high risk-reward profiles are identified and strictly controlled.
In general, Groupe BPCE’s credit approval process is based first and foremost on the customer’s ability to repay the loan, i.e. future cash flows, with clearly identified sources and channels and a reasonably realistic probability of occurrence.
Credit risk measurement relies on internal rating systems tailored to each category of customer and transaction. The Risk division is responsible for defining and verifying the performance of these rating systems.
An internal rating methodology common to all Groupe BPCE institutions (specific to each customer segment) is applied for “individual and professional customers”, as well as for “corporate customers”, “real estate professionals”, “project financing”, “central banks and other sovereign exposures”, “central governments”, “public-sector and similar entities” and “financial institutions”.
A dedicated governance structure is in place for the construction of all credit risk management, granting and classification systems.
Each standard, policy, system or method is the focus of workshops, organized and led by the Risk division teams, made up of Group representatives. The purpose of these workshops is to define the rules and expectations for each topic addressed, as it relates to the Group’s risk appetite and regulatory constraints. These topics are then decided by a Group committee made up of executive managers.
Compliance with regulatory and internal caps and limits is regularly checked by the Group Risk and Compliance Committee and the Risk Committees of the Supervisory Board. Each institution is responsible for ensuring compliance with internal limits.
The Group Risk division also defines, for all institutions, the common framework of Level 2 permanent controls (CPN2) for credit risks and contributes to the coordination of Level 1 controls.
The Risk function is organized according to the principle of subsidiarity with a strong functional link: |
•
each institution in Groupe BPCE has a Risk division covering credit and counterparty risks. Each institution manages its risks in accordance with Group standards and prepares a risk report every six months; •
each Head of Risk is in close contact with the Group Chief Risk Officer. The latter reports to the Chairman of the Management Board of Groupe BPCE and is a member of the Executive Management Committee; |
Credit approval decisions deployed or adapted at each Group institution are supervised within a system made up of: |
•
risk policies and sector policies; •
regulatory caps, Group internal caps, internal caps for institutions in the Banque Populaire and Caisses d’Epargne networks and all BPCE subsidiaries; •
a set of Group internal limits covering the major categories of counterparties (a company made up of a parent and its subsidiaries) on a consolidated basis, for the main asset classes excluding retail, supplemented as needed by local limits; predominantly based on the internal rating approach, these methodologies are used to define the maximum risk that Groupe BPCE is willing to take; •
at each Group institution, a pro-con analysis or counter-analysis procedure involving the Risk function, which holds the right to veto decisions, calling on the higher-level Credit Committee for arbitration where necessary, or the duly authorized representative. |
Highlights
The year was marked by the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, which led to an increase in energy costs and high inflation, requiring a rise in central bank key rates. The monitoring system inherited from the Covid crisis has been adapted to take into account the new geopolitical and economic context.
The requirement was also maintained for the operational integration of the main standards, rules and policies in institutions in order to guarantee uniform implementation within the Group.
The system of internal caps used across the Group, which are lower than the regulatory caps, is aimed at increasing the division of risks and is applied to all Group entities.
The internal caps system used by the institutions is lower than or equal to the Group internal caps, and is applied to the Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne networks and the subsidiaries.
A Groupwide set of individual limits has also been established for the major counterparties as well as exposure levels for countries and industries. These limits apply to all Group institutions. The individual limits system in place, aimed at dividing up risks and making them individually acceptable in terms of each institution’s profits and capital position, i.e. without including the value of collateral, to define the maximum amount of acceptable risk for a given counterparty. The aim of this position is to neutralize the operational risk associated with the recognition of collateral and with execution in the event the institution is required to call in the collateral.
Risk monitoring is organized on a sector-by-sector basis via a sector watch shared with all the Group’s institutions. Sector policies and limits have been established for that purpose.
On behalf of the Group Risk and Compliance Committee, the Risk division measures and verifies that these risk supervision mechanisms (individual and topical limits) are correctly implemented at each institution.
The Group Supervisory Board is kept informed as Group internal caps are monitored, and is notified of any breaches of limits defined in accordance with the risk appetite framework.
The quarterly Group risk dashboard is used to monitor consumption of risk-weighted assets in the Group’s main asset classes: it compares any differentials in terms of changes between gross exposures and consumption of RWA.
By using these systems, the Group is able to accurately monitor the change in capital needed to cover risks in each asset class, while also observing any changes in the quality of the asset classes in question.
Correlation risk is governed by a special decision-making process, where a counterparty offers its own shares as collateral. A top-up clause is systematically required on such transactions.
For wrong-way risk, usually associated with collateral swaps between credit institutions, BPCE’s liquidity reserve procedure defines this criterion as follows: “the counterparty to the repo and the securities received as collateral for that repo shall not be included in the same regulatory group.”
However, these transactions may be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, under a special decision-making process, where the collateral consists exclusively of retail loans serving to finance residential real estate.
From a regulatory standpoint, Article 118 of the Ministerial Order of November 3, 2014 on internal control specifies that “at least once each quarter, supervised companies must perform an analysis of changes in the quality of their loan commitments.” In particular, this review should determine, for material transactions, whether any reclassifications need to be conducted among the internal risk credit risk assessment categories and, if necessary, the appropriate allocations to non-performing loans and charges to provisions.
When a counterparty is placed on either a local Watchlist (WL) or the Group WL, supervision of the counterparty in question is enhanced (Performing WL) or the decision is made to record an appropriate provision (Default WL).
Statistical provisions for performing loans, calculated at Group level for the networks in accordance with IFRS 9 requirements, are measured using a methodology validated by Group committees (reviewed by an independent unit and validated by the Group Models Committee and the RCCP Standards & Methods Committee). These provisions include scenarios of changes in the economic environment determined each year by the Group’s Economic Research team, coupled with probabilities of occurrence reviewed quarterly by the Group Watchlist and Provisions Committee.
The allocated provisioning is calculated by taking into account the present value of the guarantees in a prudent approach.
Any defaulted exposures not covered by provisions shall be subject to enhanced justification requirements to explain why no provision has been recorded.
For credit transactions, Groupe BPCE is not required to carry out netting of on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet transactions.
During 2022, Groupe BPCE continued to implement a prudent IFRS 9 provisioning policy, in an uncertain economic context due to the ongoing health crisis.
Following a reduction in the uncertainties associated with the economic scenarios, the methodological adjustments implemented in the fourth quarter of 2020 concerning the 60% mitigation factor and the twelve-month delay in the NBI projection were lifted at the closing of the first quarter 2022.
The review of ratings for professional customers and small companies that benefited from a SGL or a moratorium was lifted at the closing of the fourth quarter of 2022 when it was estimated that the impact of SGLs and moratoria on their rating had become limited.
Debt instruments classified as financial assets at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, loan commitments and financial guarantees given that are not recognized at fair value through profit or loss, as well as lease receivables and trade receivables, shall be systematically impaired or covered by a provision for expected credit losses (ECL).
Impairment is recorded, for financial assets which have not been individually subject to ECL, based on observed past losses but also on reasonable and supportable DCF forecasts.
Financial instruments are divided into three categories (Stages) depending on the increase in credit risk observed since initial recognition. A specific credit risk measurement method applies to each category of instrument:
1. Stage 1 (S1) |
2. Stage 2 (S2) |
3. Stage 3 (S3) |
Loan outstandings for which credit risk has not increased materially since the initial recognition of the financial instrument. The impairment or the provision for credit risk corresponds to 12-month expected credit losses. |
Performing loans for which credit risk has increased materially since the initial recognition of the financial instrument are transferred to this category. The impairment or the provision for credit risk is determined on the basis of the financial instrument’s lifetime expected credit losses. |
Impaired exposures, within the meaning of IFRS 9, for which there is objective evidence of impairment loss due to an event which represents a known credit risk occurring (e.g. non-repayment of the loan at its normal term, collective proceeding, past due payments recorded by the customer, customer unable to finance an investment in new equipment, etc.) after the initial recognition of the instrument in question. This category covers receivables for which a default event has been identified, as defined in Article 178 of the EU regulation of June 26, 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions. |
The Group implements a provisioning policy for its corporate customers. This policy lays the foundations for the calculation of loan impairment and defines the methodology for determining individual impairment based on expert opinion. It also defines the components (credit risk measurement, accounting principles on the impairment of customer receivables under IFRS and French GAAP) and data to include in a non-performing loan or disputed loan assessment, as well as essential items to include in a provisioning record.
A corporate provisioning policy for Group exposures of less than €15 million has been defined and implemented.
The methodology section for determining individual impairment based on expert opinion defines impairment approaches: going concern, gone concern, combined approach.
Groupe BPCE applies the contagion principle when identifying groups of customer counterparties, through the ties binding the groups together.
A methodology concerning the practice of applying haircuts to the value of collateral, taking into account inevitable contingencies, has been defined and implemented.
Impairment for credit risk amounts to 12-month expected credit losses or lifetime expected credit losses, depending on the level of increase in credit risk since initial recognition (Stage 1 or Stage 2 asset). A set of qualitative and quantitative criteria is used to assess the increase in credit risk.
A significant increase in credit risk is measured on an individual basis by taking into account all reasonable and supportable information and by comparing the default risk on the financial instrument at the reporting date with the default risk on the financial instrument at the date of initial recognition. Any significant increase in credit risk shall be recognized before the transaction is impaired (Stage 3).
In order to assess a significant increase in credit risk, the Group implemented a process based on rules and criteria which apply to all Group entities:
for the portfolios of individual customers, professionals and small and medium-sized companies, the quantitative criterion is based on the measurement of the difference between the counterparty’s rating at the time of granting and its rating at the closing date. This difference - or denotch - is measured on a master scale common to all these counterparties. The number of denotches before downgrading to status 2 depends on the rating at grant;
for the large corporate, bank and specialized financing loan books, it is based on the change in rating since initial recognition;
these quantitative criteria are accompanied by a set of qualitative criteria, including the existence of a payment more than 30 days past due, the classification of the contract as at-risk, the identification of forbearance exposure or the inclusion of the portfolio on a Watchlist;
exposures rated by the large corporates, banks and specialized financing software tool are also downgraded to Stage 2 depending on the sector rating and the level of country risk.
Exposures for which there is objective evidence of impairment loss due to an event representing a counterparty risk and occurring after initial recognition will be considered as impaired and classified as Stage 3. Identification criteria for impaired assets are similar to those under IAS 39 and are aligned with the default criterion. The accounting treatment of restructuring operations due to financial hardships is similar to their treatment under IAS 39.
The expected credit losses on Stage 1 or Stage 2 financial instruments are measured as the product of several inputs:
|
•
cash flows expected over the lifetime of the financial instrument, discounted at the valuation date – these flows are determined according to the characteristics of the contract, its effective interest rate and the level of prepayment expected on the contract; •
loss given default (LGD); •
probabilities of default (PD), for the coming year in the case of Stage 1 financial instruments and until the contract’s maturity in the case of Stage 2 financial instruments. |
The Group draws on existing concepts and mechanisms to define these inputs, and in particular on internal models developed to calculate regulatory capital requirements and on projection models used in the stress test system. Certain adjustments are made to comply with the specifics of IFRS 9.
IFRS 9 inputs: |
•
aim to provide an accurate estimate of expected credit losses for accounting provision purposes, whereas prudential inputs are more cautious for regulatory framework purposes. Several of the safety buffers applied to prudential inputs are therefore restated; •
shall allow expected credit losses to be estimated until the contract’s maturity, whereas prudential inputs are defined to estimate 12-month expected losses. 12-month inputs are thus projected over long periods; •
shall be forward-looking and take into account the expected economic environment over the projection period, whereas prudential inputs correspond to through-the-cycle estimates (for PD) or downturn estimates (for LGD and the flows expected over the lifetime of the financial instrument). Prudential PD and LGD inputs are therefore also adjusted to reflect forecasts of future economic conditions. |
Inputs are adjusted to economic conditions by defining three economic scenarios over a three-year period. The variables defined in each of these scenarios allow for the distortion of the PD and LGD inputs and the calculation of an expected credit loss for each economic scenario. Projections of inputs for periods longer than three years are based on the mean reversion principle. The models used to distort the PD and LGD inputs are based on those developed for the stress test system for consistency reasons.
The models for calculating the various parameters used to calculate provisions (PD, LGD, segmentation, etc.) are regularly updated to ensure that they maintain their accuracy, meet the regulator’s expectations and more generally to improve their relevance.
The economic scenarios are associated with probabilities of occurrence, making it possible to calculate the average probable loss, which is used as the IFRS 9 impairment amount.
These scenarios are defined using the same organization and governance as those defined for the budget process, requiring an annual review based on proposals from the Economic Research department. For consistency purposes, the baseline scenario serves as the budget scenario. Two variants – an optimistic view and a pessimistic view – are also developed around this scenario. The probability of occurrence of each scenario is reviewed on a quarterly basis by the Group Watchlist and Provisions Committee. The inputs thus defined are used to measure expected credit losses for all rated exposures, whether they were subject to the IRB or the standardized approach for the calculation of risk-weighted assets. For unrated exposures (insignificant for Groupe BPCE), prudent valuation rules are applied by default.
The IFRS 9 input validation process is fully aligned with the Group’s existing model validation process. The validation of the parameters follows a review process by an independent internal model validation unit, then the review of this work is presented to the Group Model Committee. Finally, quarterly monitoring of recommendations by the Group Model Committee has replaced annual monitoring.
Forbearance results from the combination of a concession and financial hardships, and may involve performing or non-performing loans. Forced restructuring, over indebtedness proceedings, or any kind of default as defined by the Group standard, which involves a forbearance measure as previously defined, results in classification as a non-performing forborne exposure.
6.6 Counterparty risk
6.6.1 Counterparty risk management
Counterparty risk is the credit risk generated on market, investment and/or settlement transactions. It is the risk of the counterparty not being able to meet its obligations to Group institutions.
It is also related to the cost of replacing a derivative instrument if the counterparty defaults, and is similar to market risk given default.
Counterparty risk also arises on cash management and market activities conducted with customers, and on clearing activities via a clearing house or external clearing agent.
Exposure to counterparty risk is measured using the internal ratings-based approach and standardized approach.
In economic terms, Groupe BPCE and its subsidiaries measure counterparty risk for derivative instruments (swaps or structured products, for instance) using the internal model method for the Global Financial Services (GFS) scope, or the mark-to-market method for the other institutions. In order to perfect the economic measurement of the current and potential risk inherent in derivatives, a tracking mechanism based on a standardized economic measurement is currently being instituted throughout Groupe BPCE.
GFS uses an internal model to measure and manage its own counterparty risk. Using Monte Carlo simulations for the main risk factors, this model measures the positions on each counterparty and for the entire lifespan of the exposure, taking netting and collateralization criteria into account.
The model thus determines the Expected Positive Exposure (EPE) profile and the Potential Future Exposure (PFE) profile, the latter being the main indicator used by GFS for assessing counterparty risk exposure. This indicator is calculated as the 97.7% percentile of the distribution of exposures for each counterparty.
Since 2021, the counterparty risk assessment model developed by GFS (PFE) has been deployed on the Group’s exposures beyond GFS. In particular, 2022 made the assessment more reliable. The Group’s entities, excluding GFS, continue to use the standard model for assessing the capital requirements for counterparty risk.
Group ceilings and limits regulate counterparty risk. These are validated by the Group Credit and Counterparty Committee.
Use of clearing houses and forward financial instruments (daily margin calls under ISDA agreements, for example) govern relations with the main customers (mainly GFS/Natixis). Accordingly, the Group has implemented the EMIR requirements.
The principles of counterparty risk management are based on: |
•
a risk measurement determined according to the type of instrument in question, the term of the transactions, and whether or not any netting and collateralization agreements are in place; •
counterparty risk limits and allocation procedures; •
a value adjustment in respect of counterparty risk: the CVA (Credit Value Adjustment) represents the market value of a counterparty’s default risk (see CVA section below); •
incorporation of wrong-way risk: wrong-way risk refers to the risk that a given counterparty exposure is heavily correlated with the counterparty’s probability of default. |
From a regulatory standpoint, counterparty risk is represented by: |
•
specific wrong-way risk, i.e. the risk generated when, due to the nature of the transactions entered into with a counterparty, there is a direct link between its credit quality and the amount of the exposure; •
general wrong-way risk, i.e. the risk generated when there is a correlation between the counterparty’s credit quality and general market factors. |
GFS complies with Article 291.6 of the European regulation of June 26, 2013, including the obligation to report wrong-way risk (WWR), which specifies that the bank must have policies, processes and procedures in place to identify and monitor WWR. The goal is to enable the bank to better understand the exposure to counterparty credit risk and thus improve the management of such exposure.
Specific wrong-way risk is subject to a specific capital requirement (Article 291.5 of the European regulation of June 26, 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms), while general wrong-way risk is assessed using the WWR stress scenarios defined for each asset class.
In the event the Bank’s external credit rating is downgraded, it may be required to provide additional cash or collateral to investors under agreements that include rating triggers. In particular, in calculating the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR), the amounts of these additional cash outflows and additional collateral requirements are measured. These amounts comprise the payment the bank would have to make within 30 calendar days in the event its credit rating were downgraded by as much as three notches.
The valuation of financial instruments traded over-the-counter by Groupe BPCE with external counterparties in its capital markets businesses (mainly GFS) and ALM activities include credit valuation adjustments. The CVA is an adjustment to the valuation of the trading book aimed at factoring in counterparty credit risks. It thus reflects the expectation of loss in fair value terms on the existing exposure to a counterparty due to the potential positive value of the contract, the counterparty’s probability of default and the estimated collection rate.
6.7 Securitization transactions
6.7.1 Regulatory framework and accounting methods
Two European regulations aimed at facilitating the development of the securitization market, preventing risks and ensuring the stability of the financial system, were published in the Official Journal of the European Union on December 28, 2017. The objective of both regulations is to govern securitization transactions in the European Union.
Sets a general framework for securitization (the previous rules were spread out in three different directives and two regulations). Establishes appropriate due diligence, risk retention and transparency requirements for parties to securitization transactions, sets loan approval criteria, lays down requirements for selling securitizations to retail clients, and prohibits re-securitization.
Also establishes a specific framework for STS (simple, transparent and standardized) securitization, by defining the criteria for transactions to meet in order to qualify as securitizations and the obligations arising from such qualification, such as the obligation to notify ESMA of securitization programs.
Amends the provisions of regulation (EU) No. 575/2013 pertaining to securitization, including in particular the prudential requirements applicable to credit institutions and investment firms acting as originators, sponsors or investors in securitization transactions. Deals in particular with:
STS securitizations, and the method for calculating the associated risk-weighted exposure amounts;
Hierarchy of methods: securitization capital requirements are calculated in accordance with a hierarchy of methods applied in the order of priority set by the European Commission:
SEC-IRBA (Securitization Internal Ratings Based Approach): uses the bank’s internal rating models, which shall have been approved beforehand by the supervisor. SEC-IRBA calculates regulatory capital requirements in relation to underlying exposures as if these had not been securitized, and then applies certain pre-defined inputs;
SEC-SA (Securitization Standardized Approach): this method is the last chance to use a formula defined by the supervisor, using as an input the capital requirements that would be calculated under the current Standardized Approach (calculates regulatory capital requirements in relation to underlying exposures – based on their class – and then applies the ratio of defaulted underlying exposures to the total amount of underlying exposures);
SEC-ERBA (Securitization External Ratings Based Approach): based on the credit ratings of securitization tranches determined by external rating agencies.
If none of these three methods is applicable (SEC-IRBA, SEC-ERBA, SEC-SA), then the risk weight applied to the securitization is 1,250%.
The European regulation defining the new general framework for securitization and creating a clear set of criteria for Simple, Transparent and Standardized (STS) securitizations, as well as the related amendments to the CRR, were published in the Official Journal of the European Union on December 28, 2017, with an effective date of January 2019.
Securitization transactions in which Groupe BPCE is an investor (i.e. the Group invests directly in some securitization positions, provides liquidity, and is a counterparty for derivatives exposures or guarantees) are recognized in accordance with the Group’s accounting principles, as referred to in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Securitization positions are predominantly recorded under “Securities at amortized cost” and “Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income.”
Securitization positions classified as “Securities at amortized cost” are measured after their initial recognition at amortized cost based on the effective interest rate. Any position booked to “Securities at amortized cost” is impaired under “Cost of credit risk” in respect of Stage 1 or Stage 2 expected credit losses following a significant increase in credit risk.
Where a position booked to “Securities at amortized cost” is transferred to Stage 3 (defaulted exposures), the impairment is recorded under “Cost of credit risk” (Note 7.1.2 to the financial statements – “Change in gross carrying amounts and expected credit losses on financial assets and commitments”).
In the event of disposal, the Group recognizes the gains or losses on disposal in the income statement under “Net gains or losses arising from the derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost”. Except in the case where the receivable is in default: in the latter case, it is recognized under “Cost of credit risk”.
Securitization positions classified as “Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income” are remeasured at their fair value at the closing date.
Interest income accrued or received on debt instruments is recognized in income based on the effective interest rate under “Interest and similar income” in net banking income (NBI), while changes in fair value (excluding revenues) are recorded on a separate line in other comprehensive income under “Gains and losses recognized directly in other comprehensive income.” They are impaired in respect of Stage 1, 2 or 3 expected credit losses, in accordance with the same methodology used for positions classified as “Securities at amortized cost.” This impairment is recorded on the liabilities side of the balance sheet under other comprehensive income recyclable to profit or loss, with a corresponding entry to “Cost of credit risk” in the income statement (Note 7.1.2 to the financial statements – “Change in gross carrying amounts and expected credit losses on financial assets and commitments”).
If the position is sold, the Group recognizes the capital gains or losses on disposal in profit or loss under “Gains (losses) on financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income before tax” unless the position is in Stage 3. In such case, the loss is recognized in “Cost of credit risk.”
Securitization positions classified as “Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss” are measured at fair value, at both the initial recognition date and the reporting date. Changes in fair value over the period, interest, and gains or losses on disposals related to securitization positions are recognized in “Gains (losses) on financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss.”
Synthetic securitization transactions such as Credit Default Swaps are subject to accounting recognition rules specific to trading derivatives (Note 5.2 to the financial statements – “Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss”).
In accordance with IFRS 9, securitized assets are derecognized when Groupe BPCE has transferred substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset.
If the Group transfers the cash flows of a financial asset but neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, and has not retained control of the financial asset, the Group derecognizes the financial asset and then recognizes separately, if necessary, as assets or liabilities any rights and obligations created or retained in the transfer. If the Group retains control of the financial asset, it continues to recognize the financial asset to the extent of its continuing involvement in the financial asset.
When a financial asset at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income is fully derecognized, a gain or loss on disposal is recorded in the income statement. The amount is equal to the difference between the carrying amount of the asset and the value of the consideration received, corrected for impairment, and where applicable for any unrealized profit or loss previously recognized directly in other comprehensive income.
Given the relatively low value of the assets in question and relative infrequency of securitization transactions, assets pending securitization continue to be recognized in their original portfolio. Specifically, they continue to be recognized under “Loans and advances to customers at amortized cost” when that is their original classification. For synthetic securitization transactions, assets are not derecognized as long as the institution retains control over them. The assets continue to be recognized in accordance with their original classification and valuation method. Consolidation or non-consolidation of securitization vehicles is analyzed in accordance with IFRS 10 based on the institution’s ties with the vehicle. These principles are reiterated in Note 3.2.1 to the financial statements – “Entities controlled by the Group.”
Originator: either an entity which, on its own or through affiliates, was directly or indirectly involved in the original agreement which created the obligations (or contingent obligations) of the obligor, giving rise to the securitization transaction or arrangement; or an entity that purchases a third party’s on-balance sheet exposures and then securitizes them;
Sponsor: an institution other than an originator institution that establishes and manages an asset-backed commercial paper program or other securitization scheme that purchases exposures from third-party entities;
Investor: the Group’s position when it holds securitization positions in which it has invested, but in which it does not act as originator or sponsor. These are mainly tranches acquired in programs initiated or managed by external banks.
Traditional securitization: the economic transfer to investors of financial assets such as loans or advances, transforming these loans into financial securities issued on the capital market via SSPEs (securitization special purpose entities).
Synthetic securitization: in a synthetic transaction, ownership of the asset is not transferred but the risk is transferred through a financial instrument, i.e. the credit derivative.
Re-securitization: a securitization in which the credit risk associated with a portfolio of underlying assets is divided into tranches and for which at least one of the underlying asset exposures is a securitization position.
6.9 Liquidity, interest rate and foreign exchange risks
6.9.1 Governance and structure
Like all credit institutions, Groupe BPCE is exposed to structural liquidity, interest rate and foreign exchange risks.
These risks are closely monitored by the Group and its institutions to secure immediate and future income, balance the balance sheets and promote the Group’s development.
Groupe BPCE’s Audit Committee and Supervisory Board are consulted on general ALM policy and are informed of major decisions taken regarding liquidity, interest rate and foreign exchange risk management. The implementation of the chosen policy is delegated to the Group Asset/Liability Management Committee.
Each year, Groupe BPCE’s Supervisory Board validates the main lines of the ALM policy, i.e. the principles of market risk measurements and levels of risk tolerance. It also reviews the risk limit system each year.
Each quarter, Groupe BPCE’s Audit Committee is informed of the Group’s position through management reports containing the main risk indicators.
The Group Asset/Liability Management Committee, chaired by the Chairman of the BPCE Management Board, is responsible for the operational implementation of the defined policy. It meets every two months and its main duties are as follows:
examine the consolidated view of the structural risks of the Group and its various entities, as well as changes in the balance sheet;
define the structural risk limits of the Group and the liquidity pools and monitor them (with the approval of the Group Risk division);
approve the investment and allocation criteria as well as the desired overall profile of the Group’s liquidity reserve.
The structural liquidity, interest rate and foreign exchange risk management policy is also jointly implemented by the Asset/Liability Management division (oversight of funding plan implementation, management of liquidity reserves, cash management, calculation and monitoring of the various risk indicators) and the Risk division (validation of the control framework, validation of models and agreements, controls of compliance with rules and limits). The Group Financial Management department and the Group Risk division are responsible for adapting this framework to their respective functions.
The adaptation of the operational management framework within each institution is subject to validation by the Board of Directors, the Steering Board and/or the Supervisory Board. Each institution has a special operational committee that oversees implementation of the funding strategy, Asset/Liability management and management of liquidity, interest rate and foreign exchange risks for the institution, in line with rules and limits set at Group level. The Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne networks implement the risk management system using a shared Asset/Liability management tool.
6.10 Legal risks
6.10.1 Legal and arbitration proceedings – BPCE
Marketplace antitrust case initially involving Banques Populaires Participations (BP Participations) and Caisses d’Epargne Participations (CE Participations) and BPCE since it merged with and absorbed BP Participations and CE Participations.
On March 18, 2008, BFBP and CNCE received, as was the case for other banks on the marketplace, a notice of grievance from the French anti-trust authority. The banks are accused of having established and mutually agreed on the amount of the check imaging exchange commission, as well as related check commissions.
The anti-trust authority delivered its decision on September 20, 2010 to fine the banks found guilty (€90.9 million for BPCE). These banks (except for the Banque de France) lodged an appeal.
On February 23, 2012, the Paris Court of Appeals overruled the anti-trust authority’s decision and the €90.9 million fine paid by BPCE was refunded.
On the referral of the anti-trust authority, on April 14, 2015, the Court of Cassation overturned the Court of Appeals’ 2012 ruling due to breach of procedure. The banks were once again required to pay the fine.
BPCE, along with the other accused banks, referred this ruling to the Paris Court of Appeals, requesting that it purge this breach of procedure and uphold its 2012 decision, ensuring that BPCE will ultimately be reimbursed.
The Second Court of Appeals ruled on December 21, 2017 and confirmed the 2010 analysis of the anti-trust authority, thus contradicting the initial decision by the Paris Court of Appeals in 2012.
The Court considered that the introduction of the EIC commission and CSCs constitute anti-competitive practice in its nature and upheld the conviction to pay the fine set by the ADLC. However, the Court reduced the amount of Caisse d’Epargne’s fine by €4.07 million, by canceling the 10% increase to the fine imposed by ADLC on certain banks for their key roles in negotiations. BPCE, standing in for CE Participations, should retrieve this amount of €4.07 million from the Treasury.
On January 29, 2020, the Court of Cassation rendered its verdict and overturned the appeal for lack of legal grounds on the demonstration of collusion. The ruling referred the case back to the Court of Appeal, with the banks returning to their position subsequent to the ruling of the Autorité de la concurrence (ADLC), the French competition authority.
The Court of Appeal of Reference issued its decision on December 2, 2021 and reformed almost the entirety of the decision of the Competition Authority of 2010 sanctioning 11 banks and canceled the €384.9 million of fines imposed on the banks.
This ruling on remand after a second cassation (ruling of January 29, 2020), allowed BPCE SA to recover on December 30, 2021 the total sum of €90,962,647.35 (corresponding to the €38.09 million for the BPs and €48.74 million for the CEs), as well as the additional €4 million paid by BPCE SA to the French Treasury in April 2020 (corresponding to the reimbursement of the reduction in the CEs’ fine pronounced by the appeal ruling of December 21, 2017).
In its decision, the Court of Appeal found that the introduction, at the time of the transition to dematerialization of check processing, of interbank commissions for the exchange of check images (CEIC) and for related services on the cancellation of wrongly cleared transactions (AOCT), did not distort competition either by its object or by its effects. As to the anti-competitive object of the agreement, according to the Court, in the absence of experience with this type of compensatory and dissuasive fee, it cannot be considered that by their very nature they are sufficiently harmful to competition to be qualified as a restriction of competition by object. As to the effects of the agreement, the Court considers that it has not been established that CEIC has had any real effects on the prices of the check remittance service, and therefore, that it has effectively constrained the banks in their pricing policy. The Paris Court of Appeal therefore concluded that none of the grievances notified to the Banks were well-founded and, consequently, ruled that it had not been established that the introduction, by the agreement of February 3, 2000, of the disputed interbank commissions and the collection of these commissions as of January 1, 2002 infringed the provisions of Article 101 TFEU and Article L. 420-1 of the French Commercial Code.
On December 31, 2021, the Chairman of the French Competition Authority filed an appeal in cassation against the judgment of the Court of Appeal of December 2, 2021. The case is ongoing.
On October 9, 2015, a company operating in the meal voucher industry lodged a complaint with the French Competition Authority (Autorité de la Concurrence) to contest industry practices with respect to the issuance and acceptance of meal vouchers. The complaint targeted several French companies operating in the meal voucher industry, including Natixis Intertitres, which became Bimpli in 2022.
In its decision of December 17, 2019, the French Competition Authority ruled that Natixis Intertitres had exchanged information and been a part of a practice designed to keep new entrants out of the meal voucher market. Natixis Intertitres was fined €4,360,000 in its own right, along with two other fines totaling €78,962,000, jointly and severally with Natixis.
6.11 Non-compliance and security risks
In accordance with the legal and regulatory requirements mentioned above, and with the professional standards and control charters governing Groupe BPCE, the functions managing compliance risk are organized as part of the internal control system of all Groupe BPCE institutions and subsidiaries as a whole.
The Group Compliance division, which reports to the Groupe BPCE Corporate Secretary’s Office, performs its duties independently of the operational departments and the other Internal Control departments with which it collaborates.
The Compliance division, “Compliance Verification function” defined by the EBA and included in the Ministerial Order of Nov 3, 2014, amended by the Ministerial Order of Feb 25, 2021, is responsible for the prevention, detection, measurement and monitoring of non-compliance risks to ensure their control.
The Group Compliance division carries out its duties within the framework of business line operations.
It helps guide, motivate, manage and control the Heads of the Compliance function of the affiliates and subsidiaries. The compliance officers appointed within the different Group entities, including the Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne banks and direct subsidiaries covered by the regulatory system of banking and financial supervision, are functionally subordinate to the Compliance division.
The Group Compliance division carries out all actions designed to strengthen the compliance of products, services and marketing processes, customer protection, compliance with ethical rules, the fight against money laundering and the financing of terrorism, the fight against market abuse, the monitoring of transactions and compliance with sanctions and embargoes. It monitors compliance risks throughout the Group. As such, it builds and revises the standards proposed for the governance of Groupe BPCE, shares best practices and coordinates working groups consisting of departmental representatives.
The dissemination of the culture of non-compliance risk and consideration of the legitimate interests of customers is also reflected in the training of employees in the sector and the awareness-raising of other BPCE departments.
draws up the Group’s non-compliance risk management systems (risk mapping and DMR) and supervises the permanent control system relating to non-compliance risks;
prepares internal risk prevention reports for executives and decision-making bodies and for the central body;
determines and validates, in conjunction with HR, the content of training materials intended for the Compliance function;
helps train Compliance staff, mainly through specialized annual seminars (financial security, compliance, ethics, coordination of permanent compliance controls, etc.);
draws on the expertise of the Compliance functions of Group institutions via theme-based working groups, in particular to develop and implement compliance standards.
In addition, BPCE SA Compliance reports to Group Compliance, which also manages and supervises the Compliance of entities in the Financial Services and Expertise division, the Payments division and the Insurance division and the other subsidiaries reporting to BPCE, including BPCE International.
6.11.1 Compliance
Financial Security in charge of AML/CFT (Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism), compliance with sanctions and embargo measures, anti-corruption and internal fraud;
Compliance is organized as follows: |
Bancassurance Compliance contributes to the prevention of risks of non-compliance with regulations and professional standards in the scope of banking and non-life insurance activities. As such, it supports the operational sectors in the development and dissemination of standards (including ACPR recommendations and EBA guidelines) and in bringing their processes into compliance with regulatory changes. Bancassurance Compliance also studies the launch of new products and participates in the validation of commercial processes and documents. Lastly, it supports and leads the Compliance department on all these subjects, and contributes to the development of training modules for Group employees. Financial Savings Compliance and Ethics covers the compliance and ethics of financial activities as defined by the General Regulation of the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority, as well as the prevention of risks of non-compliance in legislative and regulatory areas in the life insurance and foresight scope. Within the aforementioned scope, this division is responsible for implementing the applicable regulations and carries out missions related in particular to the approval of products and services, the validation of commercial materials, the training of employees and the prevention of conflicts of interest, while safeguarding the customer’s interests and ensuring compliance with market rules and professional standards in banking and finance, together with internal rules and regulations on ethics. It also includes oversight of investment services and the operating procedures of investment services compliance officers (RCSIs). Since the end of 2016, investment services compliance has also included SRAB commitments (Separation and Regulation of Banking Activities) – Volcker office. It supports, coordinates and supervises the Compliance function of the Group’s entities in this area. Lastly, since 2021, it has been in charge of the Group Ethics system. Financial Security covers activities related to anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing (AML/CFT), international financial sanctions, embargoes and asset freezes, and anti-corruption measures. It supports and coordinates the Compliance function on all these topics, updating the reference documentation in compliance with regulatory changes in AML/CFT, national and international financial embargoes, and anti-corruption measures. Steering and Cross-functional Coordination covers the coordination of the Compliance functions, and the centralization of relations with regulators, supervisors and the Group Inspection Générale in compliance matters. Drawing on the expertise of the Bancassurance Compliance and Financial Savings Compliance divisions, it manages the mapping of compliance risks, supervises reporting systems and works on cross-functional projects with the aim of improving the control of compliance risks by Groupe BPCE institutions. |
1. Measurement and supervision of non-compliance risk |
2. Product governance and supervision |
Non-compliance risks are analyzed, measured, monitored and managed in accordance with the Ministerial Order of November 3, 2014 (amended February 25, 2021), with the aim of: •
ensuring a permanent overview of these risks and the associated risk prevention and mitigation system, including updated identification under the new non-compliance risk-mapping exercise; •
ensuring that the largest risks, if necessary, are subject to controls and action plans aimed at supervising them more effectively. •
Groupe BPCE manages non-compliance risk by mapping out its non-compliance risks and implementing mandatory Level 1 and 2 compliance controls common to all Group retail banking institutions. •
The impact of non-compliance risk was calibrated and measured with the Group’s operational risk teams, using the methodology of operational risk tool OSIRISK, covering the risk management systems established by the institutions aimed at reducing gross risk levels. |
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All new products and services, regardless of their distribution channels, as well as sales materials that fall within the Compliance function’s remit, are reviewed by Compliance beforehand. The purpose of this review is to ensure that applicable regulatory requirements are met and that targeted customers – and the public at large – receive clear and fair information. Product supervision is carefully conducted over the entire product life cycle. •
Compliance also coordinates the approval of national sales challenges, ensures that conflicts of interest are managed properly and guarantees that customer interests always come first. •
Compliance is careful to ensure that sales procedures, processes and policies guarantee that the rules of compliance and ethics are observed at all times for all customer segments, and in particular that the advice given to customers is appropriate to their needs. |
Regulatory Know Your Customer (KYC) with the continuation of the program implemented in 2019 to strengthen the completeness and compliance of regulatory KYC files. In 2022, the program focused on developing the updating of KYC through online banking. Work was also carried out to deploy the automation of events requiring updating as well as the preparation of actions to update KYC files (criteria, customer targeting, communication kits, reports).
Strengthening of the banking inclusion system with the tightening of the deadlines for implementing the right to account procedure, in accordance with the new provisions of the Decree of March 11, 2022. The tracing and archiving of waiver letters pertaining to the specific offer for vulnerable customers or to the offer of free basic banking services has also been strengthened through the development of an IT solution that automatically archives letters if the customer wishes to subscribe to another offer.
Implementation of new provisions for fairer, simpler and more transparent access to the loan insurance market (the Lemoine Act) of February 28, 2022 with, in particular, the termination at any time, the strengthening of customer information, the elimination of the health questionnaire under certain conditions, and the extension of the right to be forgotten in terms of aggravated health risks.
Implementation of the control of eligibility for the LEP savings account via the electronic questioning of the tax authorities provided for by Decree No. 2021-277 of March 12, 2021 on the control of the holding of regulated savings products. The eligibility verification processes were reviewed as part of the LEP account subscription and the annual control.
Implementation of the multi-holding control measures for regulated savings products provided for by Decree No. 2021-277 of March 12, 2021 on the control of the holding of regulated savings products, which will come into force no later than January 1, 2024.
Launch of the Sustainable Finance project (Taxonomy, SFDR, incorporation of ESG criteria in MIF2 and DDA) with value chain players (issuer, producer, insurer, distributor, customers). Groupe BPCE has set up a Task Force to build the customer questionnaire, the process formalizing the suitability, the offer, and the long-term monitoring.
Compliance of Group entities with EMIR regulatory obligations. The Group action plan relating to the EMIR Refit regulation was determined in the first half of 2022. In addition, an EMIR 360 check was launched in the third quarter of 2022.
Following several requests from the supervisory authorities (ESMA and AMF) in 2021, and the AMF spot mission carried out within BPCE SA, a NORMA was drawn up to oversee securitization transactions and the granting of the STS label (simple, transparent and standardized).
With regard to the market abuse system, BPCE continued its objective of supporting institutions following the assessment carried out in 2021, by providing them with quarterly files of statistics of atypical transactions by scenario, and by offering them a new “market abuse” training to help them analyze alerts and prevent market abuse.
Continuation of the remediation of Direct Transaction Reporting (DTR) with the development of an action plan presenting the actions implemented to prevent or block transactions without LEI at Groupe BPCE level. The action plan was sent to the AMF on April 22, 2022 and was followed by a mass adjustment of the stock of LEI-free transactions carried out by EuroTitres. A standard dedicated to the Post-Negotiation Transparency theme was approved by the CNM.
Concerning the regulation related to the reporting of SFTR financing transactions (Securities Financing Transaction Regulation). This reporting has been implemented since July 13, 2020. A 360 SFTR check on the declaration of transactions is planned for 2023.
The Group continued work to bring its customer processes into compliance (LEA, O2S, legal entities, derivatives, tax exemption). A remediation plan for life insurance marketing, following an ACPR audit (started in 2019), has been put in place and work is underway, in particular for the management of risk aversion, the improvement of the justification of advice, archiving of client understanding when a complex financial instrument is proposed.
Group employees regularly receive training on customer protection issues to maintain the required level of customer service quality. These training sessions are aimed at promoting awareness of compliance and customer protection among new hires and/or sales team employees.
Ethics and compliance training, entitled “Fundamentals of professional ethics,” has been set up for all Group employees. BPCE has also established a Code of Good Conduct and Ethics, rolled out to all Groupe BPCE institutions.
The mapping of Groupe BPCE’s market activities is regularly updated. It required the implementation of internal units subject to an exemption within the meaning of act No. 2013-672 of July 26, 2013 on the separation and regulation of banking activities.
Quarterly indicators are calculated by Natixis, Palatine and BRED in accordance with Article 6 of the Ministerial Order of September 9, 2014 (amended by the Ministerial Order of March 18, 2019); these quarterly indicators are supplemented by an annual indicator as well as quantitative metrics such as NBI or the VaR of the said internal units.
Based on the work carried out by the Group, it has not been necessary to create a ring-fenced subsidiary, and mandates have been implemented at the different subsidiaries in order to supervise the various activities.
In conjunction with the calculations and other work done in accordance with this act, a compliance program was adopted and implemented as from July 2015 in response to the Volcker Rule (section 619 of the US Dodd-Frank Act) within the scope of BPCE SA and its subsidiaries. Taking a broader approach than that of the French Banking Separation and Regulation Act, this program aims to map out all the financial and commercial activities of BPCE SA group, notably to ensure that they comply with the two major bans imposed by the Volcker Rule: the ban on proprietary trading and on certain transactions related to covered funds. The Volcker Rule was amended in 2020, giving rise to new Volcker 2.0 and 2.1 provisions that relax the existing system.
6.12 Operational risks
6.12.1 Operational risk policy
Groupe BPCE has set up a system for measuring non-financial risks through the standardized use of indicators. These cover the indicators of the RAF system, the indicators resulting from the Ministerial Order of November 3, 2014, but also qualitative indicators aimed at measuring the industry’s adherence to operational risk standards.
The Group’s operational risk policy consists of keeping all of these indicators below the set limits, by entity and on a consolidated basis. In the event of an overrun, appropriate measures and corrective actions must be taken by the business lines owning the risks to remedy the possible failures. These measures and corrective actions must be monitored by the committee in charge of operational risks.
The Group Operational Risk division (DROG) – part of the Group Risk division – is in charge of identifying, measuring, monitoring and managing the operational risks incurred in all activities and functions undertaken by Group institutions and subsidiaries.
a central organization and a network of operational risk managers and officers, working in all activities, entities and subsidiaries of Group institutions and subsidiaries;
in all structures consolidated or controlled by the institution or the subsidiary (banking, financial, insurance, etc.);
in all activities exposed to operational risks, including outsourced activities, within the meaning of Article 10 q and Article 10 r of the Ministerial Order of November 3, 2014 as amended “outsourced activities and services or other critical or essential operational tasks”.
The Group Non-Financial Risk Committee defines the risk policy rolled out to the institutions and subsidiaries, and the DROG ensures that the policy is applied throughout the Group.
The operational risk management system is part of the Risk Assessment Statement (RAS) and Risk Assessment Framework (RAF) systems defined by the Group. These systems and indicators are adapted at the level of each Group institution and subsidiary.
The mapping methodology is part of the Group’s permanent control system and includes the Operational Risk, Compliance, Information System Security, Personal and Property Safety and Permanent Control functions.
Measurement of risk exposure is based on a forward-looking model, which quantifies and classes risk scenarios and thus provides the Non-Financial Risk Committees with the necessary elements to define their risk tolerance.
Risk-predictive indicators are produced from the main risks identified in the non-financial risk map.
Risk supervision and monitoring were improved through the drafting of reports aimed at providing a uniform measurement to the Group as a whole of its risk exposure and cost of risk.
The production of the OR function performs two types of level 2 controls on operational risks (these permanent level 2 controls will be carried out from the end of 2022 by the Governance and Risk Control department of the Risk division):
BPCE’s Operational Risk function ensures that the structure and systems in place at the institutions and subsidiaries allow them to achieve their objectives and fulfill their duties.
coordinates the function and performs risk supervision and controls at the institutions/subsidiaries and their subsidiaries;
centralizes and analyzes the Group’s exposure to non-financial risks, verifies the implementation of corrective actions decided by the Operational Risk Committee, and reports any excessive implementation times to senior management;
performs controls to ensure that Group standards and methods are observed by the institutions and subsidiaries;
performs a regulatory watch, distributes and relays operational risk alerts due to incidents with the potential to spread to the appropriate institutions/subsidiaries;
prepares reports, by institution or subsidiary, for the Group and the regulatory authorities (COREP OR), analyzes the reports and content of the OR committees of the institutions and subsidiaries, and notifies the Group Non-Financial Risk Committee of any inadequate systems and/or excessive risk exposure, which in turn notifies the institution in question.
1. At the level of each Group institution |
2. At Groupe BPCE level |
The Operational Risk Committee is responsible for adapting the operational risk management policy and ensuring the relevance and effectiveness of the operational risk management system. Accordingly, it: •
examines major and recurring incidents, and validates the associated corrective actions; •
examines indicator breaches, decides on associated corrective actions, and tracks progress on risk mitigation initiatives; •
examines permanent controls carried out by the Operational Risk function and in particular any excessive delays in implementing corrective actions; •
helps organize and train the network of OR officers; •
determines if any changes need to be made in local insurance policies; •
the frequency of meetings depends on the intensity of the institution’s risks, in accordance with three operational schemes reviewed once a year by the Group Non-Financial Risk Committee (CRNFG) and communicated to the entities. |
The Group Non-Financial Risk Committee meets quarterly and is chaired by a member of the Executive Management Committee. Its main duties are to define the OR standard, ensure that the OR system is deployed at the Group entities, and define the Group OR policy. Accordingly, it: •
examines major risks incurred by the Group and defines its tolerance level, decides on the implementation of corrective actions affecting the Group and monitors their progress; •
assesses the level of resources to be allocated; •
reviews major incidents within its remit, validates the aggregated map of operational risks at Group level, which is used for the macro-level risk mapping campaign; •
monitors major risk positions across all Group businesses, including risks relating to non-compliance, financial audits, personal and property safety, contingency and business continuity planning, financial security and information system security (ISS); •
lastly, validates Group RAF indicators related to non-financial risks as well as their thresholds. |
6.13 Insurance, asset management, financial conglomerate risks
The Group Insurance Risk division has been integrated into the “Conglomerate, Insurance & Stress Tests” service, which now includes the department’s historical activities, focused on the risks of the Group as a bancassurer.
In coordination with the parent banks (BRED, Oney), Groupe BPCE’s Risk division ensures that insurance risks (including technical risks) are effectively monitored within the main insurance companies in which the Group is the majority shareholder, i.e. BPCE Assurances, Compagnie Européenne de Garanties et de Cautions (CEGC), Prépar-Vie and Oney Insurance. In addition, coordination is ensured with Parnasse Garanties and its parent company CASDEN.
BPCE SA has been the 100% direct parent company of CEGC since 2019, and of BPCE Assurances since March 2022.
In 2022, after the Pléiade transaction, the holding company Natixis Assurances was renamed Assurances du Groupe BPCE (AGBPCE), then BPCE Assurances from October. BPCE Assurances comprises the personal insurance (BPCE Vie, BPCE Life) and non-life insurance (BPCE Assurances IARD, BPCE IARD) subsidiaries.
In addition, since 2011, the Group has deployed an insurance risk unit. This meets the requirements of the Financial Conglomerates Directive 2002/87/EC (FICOD) and its transposition into French law by the Ministerial Order of November 3, 2014 on the supplementary supervision of financial conglomerates, through the Group’s cross-functional insurance risk monitoring system, while at the same time ensuring functional and regulatory interoperability between the banking and insurance sectors.
In this context, Insurance Risk Monitoring Committees have been set up for each of the companies in the Sector. These take place every quarter and are supplemented by frequent discussions with the Risk departments of the companies.
The principle of subsidiarity applies, with checks carried out firstly by the insurance companies, then at the level of the Risk divisions of the parent banks of the companies (BRED, Oney, BPCE SA), and finally by the Risk division which informs the Group Risk and Compliance Committee every six months.
Insurance risk is the risk of any mismatch between expected losses and actual losses. Depending on the insurance products concerned, the risk varies according to changes in macroeconomic factors, changes in customer behavior, changes in public health policy, pandemics, accidents and natural disasters (e.g. such as earthquakes, industrial accidents or acts of terrorism or war). The credit insurance business is also exposed to credit risk.
The management of insurance risks requires a good understanding of the technical insurance risks in order to be able to meet its commitments to policyholders and contract beneficiaries; this is accompanied by special attention to the financial risks borne by assets under representation.
In addition to protecting the balance sheet and income statement of insurance companies, the aim is to guarantee the solvency and liquidity of insurance companies.
To this end, the Group’s companies have put in place effective systems for measuring, reporting and managing risks. The important preparatory phase enabled the implementation of the systems to comply with the new regulatory requirements required since January 1, 2016 with the implementation of the Solvency II directive (Pillar I Quantitative Solvency Requirements, Pillar II Governance & ORSA, Pillar III Prudential reporting and public information).
As of January 1, 2023, the Group’s companies will be subject to IFRS 17 “Insurance contracts”, which will harmonize and update the recognition, measurement and presentation of commitments in the liabilities of companies.
the personal insurance business, focused on developing portfolios of life insurance and endowment policies for investment and retirement purposes, as well as personal protection insurance portfolios;
the non-life insurance business, focused on developing portfolios for auto and multi-risk home insurance, personal accident insurance, legal protection, healthcare and property & casualty insurance.
Given the predominance of the investment solutions activity, the main risks to which BPCE Assurances is exposed are financial. The company is also exposed to underwriting risks (life and non-life), as well as counterparty risk.
Market risk is in large part borne by subsidiary BPCE Vie on the financial assets that underpin its commitments with guaranteed principal and returns (euro-denominated policies: €70.2 billion on the main fund balance sheet). The company is exposed to asset impairment risk (fall in the equity or real estate market, widening spreads) as well as the risk significant changes in interest rates.
A rapid rise in interest rates is likely to reduce the attractiveness of euro-denominated life insurance policies compared to other types of investments. However, this risk is limited due to the prospect of inflows and the reserves set aside to reduce the portfolio’s exposure to rising interest rates. This risk also gradually decreases as interest rates stabilize as bonds mature and assets are replaced with higher rates.
Conversely, a drop in interest rates would be liable to generate insufficient returns to cover the capital and guaranteed rates. To deal with this risk, BPCE Vie has for several years marketed only zero guaranteed minimum rate policies (“GMR”) contracts (more than 95% of commitments), with an average GMR of 0.14%. In addition, since mid-2021, the new contracts include a capital guarantee gross of management fees on outstandings.
To manage market risk, the sources of return have been diversified, namely via investments in new asset classes (funding the economy, infrastructure, etc.). This diversification is managed by a strategic allocation, defined on a yearly basis, that takes into account regulatory constraints, commitments to policyholders and commercial requirements.
Credit risk is monitored and managed in compliance with BPCE Assurances’ internal standards and limits. On December 31, 2022, 65% of the fixed-income portfolio is invested in securities rated A or higher.
The main risk to which life insurance underwriting is exposed is associated with the investment solutions activity in euro. In a situation of sharp rise in interest rates, the major risk corresponds to a risk of massive redemptions: the Company could be forced to sell assets at an inopportune time, thus exposing itself to a risk of financial loss, as well as to the loss of future margins on redeemed policies. If the level of interest rates stabilizes, the risk of massive redemptions would gradually be reduced (the assets of euro-denominated funds benefiting from the level of interest rates). Conversely, in a situation of very low interest rates, BPCE Assurances is subject to the risk of a drop in redemptions.
The non-life insurance underwriting risk to which BPCE Assurances is exposed is borne by its subsidiary BPCE Assurances IARD:
premium risk: to ensure that the premiums paid by the policyholders match the transferred risk, BPCE Assurances IARD implemented a portfolio monitoring policy whereby each policy is given a score based on its track record over three years. The score factors in types of claims, number of claims, their cost and other variables specific to the activity in question (degree of liability and bonuses/penalties for auto insurance, for instance). This supervision policy also helps to detect potential risks arising from large claims, and to arrange adequate reinsurance coverage;
risk of loss: each time inventory is taken, an actuarial assessment of the provisions for claims payable is conducted based on methods widely recognized by the profession and required by the regulator;
catastrophe risk: catastrophe risk is the exposure to an event of significant magnitude generating a multitude of claims (storm, risk of civil liability, etc.). This risk is therefore reinsured either through the government in the event of a natural disaster or an attack, for example, or through private reinsurers, specifically in the event of a storm or a civil liability claim.
The counterparty risk to which BPCE Assurances is exposed mainly concerns reinsurance counterparties. The selection of reinsurers is a key component of managing this risk:
BPCE Assurances deals with reinsurers that are subject to a financial rating by at least one of the three internationally recognized rating agencies, and that have a Standard & Poor’s equivalent rating of A- or higher;
Compagnie Européenne de Garanties et de Cautions is the Group’s Security and Guarantee insurance entity. It is exposed to underwriting risk, market risk, reinsurer default risk and operational risk.
In 2022, the production of real estate loans guaranteed by CEGC remained sustained in a context of rising interest rates, which were particularly marked in the second half of the year. The year 2022 saw a low claims ratio of less than 20% of earned premiums (gross reinsurance ratio).
Under the Solvency II prudential regime, CEGC uses a partial internal model approved by the ACPR. It meets the robustness requirement applicable to the mortgage guarantors.
In 2022, CEGC benefited from a €150 million capital increase to reinforce the structure of eligible capital to cover the Solvency Capital Requirement.
Underwriting risk is the main risk incurred by CEGC. It is essentially a counterparty risk, as the commitments given by CEGC to beneficiaries of guarantees result in direct exposure to individual or corporate insured parties. These commitments are regulated and provisioned under liabilities in the balance sheet. They amounted to €3.1 billion on December 31, 2022 (up 10% compared to end-2021).
CEGC activities |
December 2022 |
Change December 2022 versus December 2021 |
Individual customers |
2,785 |
9.1% |
Single-family home builders |
72 |
50.9% |
Property administrators – Realtors |
18 |
22.9% |
Corporate customers |
58 |
15.6% |
Real estate developers |
23 |
9.6% |
Professional customers |
106 |
8.7% |
Social economy – Social housing |
59 |
7.6% |
Structured collateral |
8 |
(23.8%) |
TOTAL |
3,130 |
9.8% |
CEGC’s short-term investment portfolio totaled over €4 billion on its balance sheet on December 31, 2022 hedging underwriting provisions.
Market risk associated with the short-term investment portfolio is limited by the company’s investment choices.
The company’s risk limits are set out in the financial management charter and the asset management agreement established with Ostrum. As an insurance company, CEGC does not require funding, since insurance premiums are collected before the disbursement of claims. Nor does CEGC carry transformation risk: the investment portfolio is entirely backed by own funds and technical reserves.
in millions of euros |
12/31/2022 |
12/31/2021 |
||||
Balance sheet value, net of provision |
in % |
Mark to market |
Balance sheet value, net of provision |
in % |
Mark to market |
|
Equities |
84 |
2.10% |
73 |
260 |
7.84% |
322 |
Bonds |
2,201 |
54.70% |
1,841 |
2,286 |
68.92% |
2,389 |
Diversified |
105 |
2.60% |
97 |
249 |
7.51% |
256 |
Cash |
1,367 |
34.00% |
1,369 |
267 |
8.05% |
267 |
Residential mortgages |
203 |
5.10% |
222 |
199 |
6.00% |
215 |
FCPR |
29 |
0.70% |
47 |
25 |
0.75% |
38 |
Private debt |
34 |
0.80% |
33 |
28 |
0.84% |
28 |
Others |
2 |
0.10% |
2 |
2 |
0.06% |
2 |
TOTAL |
4,025 |
100% |
3,684 |
3,317 |
100% |
3,518 |
CEGC hedges its liability portfolio by implementing a reinsurance program tailored to its activities.
In loan guarantees, reinsurance is used as a tool for regulatory capital management. It protects guarantee beneficiaries in the event of an economic recession leading to a loss of up to 2% of outstanding guaranteed loans.
In the corporate segments, the program is used to protect CEGC’s capital by hedging against high-intensity risks. It has been calibrated to cover three major individual loss events (loss due to the financial failure of a counterparty or a group of counterparties) with the potential to significantly impact CEGC’s income statement.
Reinsurer default risk is governed by counterparty concentration and rating limits. CEGC’s reinsurance programs are underwritten by a broad panel of international reinsurers with a minimum rating of A on the S&P scale.
Like the system adopted for the Insurance business line, the operation of this system is based on subsidiarity with the Risk divisions of the parent banks and business lines; in particular, Natixis Investment Managers, which consolidates most of the Group’s assets under management.
By setting up an Asset Management Risk System, the Risk division pursues the following main objectives:
identify the major risks that could impact the Group’s solvency trajectory as a Financial Conglomerate to cover its banking or Conglomerate prudential ratios;
be associated with the contributions of the sector during Group exercises (ICAAP, PPR, stress test, etc.) so as to identify the risks of the business model on the contribution to results and equity, quantify them and prioritize them;
organize the management of the system by specifying a risk review and setting up a formal quarterly meeting;
inform General Management by presenting a summary of the review of the risks of our asset management activities to the Group Risk and Compliance Committee.
In the Asset Management business line, the Risk division formally ensures: the coordination of the risk system (cross-functional workshops or focus); running cross-functional projects related to the banking sector; information to General Management with a summary report for the members of the Group Risk and Compliance Committee.
Due to its large majority, the system relies mainly on Natixis Investment Managers. The re-use of existing work and methodologies locally is favored to establish supervision at the Group level. The key risk monitoring indicators are determined with Natixis IM in coordination with GFS.
The Risk division focuses on risks that may affect the Group such as redemption risk and the associated potential step-in risk, seed money and operational risks (based on the Group’s OR), including through stress tests of NIM tests economic capital review. GFS’ Risk division regularly monitors NIM’s risks through its role as direct parent company.
The Group Risk division, together with GFS and/or Natixis IM, anticipates the impacts of consultations and regulatory changes.
The system also provides for the implementation of an annual review for asset management companies that are not significant at the Group level but significant for their direct parent banking companies for the following entities: EcoFi Investissements, Palatine AM and Promepar AM.
Groupe BPCE, identified by the ACPR/ECB as a financial conglomerate due to the absolute and relative size of its banking and insurance activities, is subject to the related additional monitoring requirements. Since the entry into force of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), the ECB has coordinated the supervision of predominantly banking financial conglomerates.
The Complementary Conglomerate Monitoring function was officially created in 2017 following the validation by the Management Board of the function’s mission statement. The latter identifies the macro-objectives and stakeholders within the Group. The roles, responsibilities and interactions between each of the players in the sector have been defined.
Depending on the themes, committees are organized three to four times a year and the subjects are reported to the Group Risk and Compliance Committee.
The regulation related to the conglomerate requires an overview of the entire accounting consolidation scope (banking, insurance, Asset Management and non-financial sector). Additional monitoring focuses on:
the financial conglomerate approach aims to capture the main interactions between the banking, insurance and asset management sectors that could, due to an exogenous or endogenous event, impact the Group’s risk profile and its main trajectories (results, solvency, liquidity);
it makes it possible to consolidate the banking and insurance sector metrics, in particular capital requirements;
the complementary supervision is based mainly on the banking system as a whole, and on the insurance and asset management risks.
The conglomerate’s excess equity is monitored in the Group’s RAF (Risk Appetite Framework) first-rate indicators. In order to provide a forward-looking view of the Group’s solvency through the financial conglomerate’s reading grid, Groupe BPCE projects the excess equity over several years under different scenarios.
The entire system, in its main dimensions – Insurance, Asset Management, Banking, Financial Conglomerate – is the subject of presentations and discussions with the joint ECB/ACPR supervision team, in particular at meetings dedicated to the JST (Joint Supervisory Team). In particular, the organization of the risk management system, as well as the main analyses and points of attention brought to the attention of the Group’s General Management during the year, are reviewed.
In a conglomerate approach, a global and integrated system of solvency trajectories and stress tests has been developed. This system encompasses and is based on the three regulations Solvency II, Basel III and Financial Conglomerate. The application of common assumptions in these three dimensions provides a holistic view of the Group’s solvency.
the coordination of insurance sector stress tests, in particular ORSAs (Pillar II of Solvency II); from the determination of stress assumptions to the analysis of results at Group level;
the analysis of contagion mechanisms and regulatory and economic interactions between the various sectors of the Group as a financial conglomerate.
The Group’s insurance companies are included in the banking STI (Internal Stress Tests) as part of the ICAAP (Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process) normative approach. The modeling includes:
the simulation of Solvency II ratios, SCR and MCR, in order to objectify any capital requirements;
the simulation of “IFRS variables” that impact the bank solvency ratio in accordance with the prudential specifications (Net income retained or distributed, OCI, value and difference in equity method, etc.), both under IAS 39/IFRS 4 and IFRS 9/17 from the end of 2022;
the fees and commissions paid by companies to the Group’s distribution payment networks or asset managers.
As part of the ICAAP Economic Approach, the Non-Banking Equity Risk department has developed an Economic Capital model for Participations Assurance risk (carry and step-in risk). Designed in coordination with the Finance and Strategy division and the companies’ Risk divisions, this model makes it possible to evaluate and monitor, using an internal economic approach, the bank capital consumed by insurance. It aims to enhance the joint management of the risk/profitability ratio. The economic capital requirement has been assessed on a quarterly basis since the third quarter of 2021.
In addition, the Non-Banking Equity Risk department undertook a review of the economic capital models relating to Natixis IM (NIM) activity, in coordination with NIM and GFS, in order to adapt them, if necessary, to the specificities of Asset Management in terms of both risk and business model.
More generally, the Non-Banking Equity Risk department coordinates or supervises the work of the Insurance and Asset Management businesses and contributes to the Group’s work. This work concerns methodological or quantitative aspects specific to each non-banking business line and their alignment with the banking group (actuarial methods, EBA stress tests, work to quantify the impact of physical climate risk, etc.).
6.14 Climate risks
6.14.1 Governance and structure
The Group Risk division structured the management of climate risks by setting up the Climate Risks department at the end of 2021. The department’s objectives are organized around the 13 expectations of the ECB’s guide to climate and environmental risks published in November 2020. This Climate Risk department relies on a large network of around 60 climate risk correspondents in all Groupe BPCE companies and in the other departments of the Group Risk division. The Climate Risk department strives to:
develop processes and analysis tools to strengthen the management of climate risks (physical and transition) to better integrate them into the Group’s risk appetite framework;
assess the materiality of climate risks by reference to the main traditional risk classes: credit risk, financial risk (market risk, liquidity risk) and operational risk;
include climate risks in Groupe BPCE’s usual risk management framework (credit policy for companies and individuals, and according to the types of assets financed) and take them into account during periodic updates of the Group’s sectoral policies;
7.1 Charter of incorporation and articles of association
7.1.1 General information
A French limited liability company (société anonyme) with a Management Board and a Supervisory Board, governed by its articles of association, the regulations applicable to commercial companies, and the French Monetary and Financial Code (Code monétaire et financier).
The company was incorporated on January 22, 2007, the date on which BPCE, a non-trading company, was formed to hold the assets contributed by the Banque Populaire and Caisse d’Epargne groups. The company’s duration is 99 years.
Paris Trade and Companies Register Number 493455042 (this number is listed on Page 1 of BPCE’s articles of association).
BPCE, founded by the French act of June 18, 2009, is the central institution of Groupe BPCE, a cooperative banking group.
As such, it represents the credit institutions affiliated with it. The affiliated institutions, within the meaning of Article L. 511-31 of the French Monetary and Financial Code, are:
the 14 Banques Populaires and their 32 mutual guarantee companies, whose sole corporate purpose is to guarantee loans issued by the Banques Populaires;
Natixis; Banque BCP SAS (France); Banque de Tahiti; Banque de Nouvelle-Calédonie; Banque Palatine; Crédit Foncier de France; Compagnie de Financement Foncier; Cicobail; Société Centrale pour le Financement de l’Immobilier (SOCFIM); BPCE International; Batimap; Batiroc Bretagne Pays de Loire; Capitole Finance-Tofinso; Comptoir Financier de Garantie; BPCE Lease Nouméa; BPCE Lease Réunion; BPCE Lease Tahiti; Sud-Ouest Bail; Oney Bank.
The company’s role is to guide and promote the business and expansion of the cooperative banking group comprising the Banque Populaire network, Caisse d’Epargne network, the affiliated entities and, in general, the other entities under its control.
to be the central institution for the Banque Populaire network, the Caisse d’Epargne network and the affiliated entities, as provided for by the French Monetary and Financial Code. Pursuant to Articles L. 511-31 et seq. and Article L. 512-107 of the French Monetary and Financial Code, it is responsible for:
defining the Group’s policy and strategic guidelines as well as those of each of its constituent networks,
coordinating the sales policies of each of its networks and taking all measures necessary for the Group’s development, including acquiring or holding strategic equity interests,
representing the Group and each of its networks to assert its shared rights and interests, including before the banking sector institutions, as well as negotiating and entering into national and international agreements,
representing the Group and each of its networks as an employer to assert its shared rights and interests, as well as negotiating and entering into collective industry-wide agreements,
taking all measures necessary to guarantee the liquidity of the Group and each of its networks and, to that end, determining rules for managing the Group’s liquidity, including by defining the principles and terms and conditions of investment and management of the cash flows of its constituent entities and the conditions under which these entities may carry out transactions with other credit institutions or investment companies and carry out securitization transactions or issue financial instruments, and performing any financial transaction necessary for liquidity management purposes,
taking all measures necessary to guarantee the solvency of the Group and each of its networks, including implementing the appropriate Group internal financing mechanisms and setting up a Mutual Guarantee Fund shared by both networks, for which it determines the rules of operation, the terms and conditions of use in addition to the funds provided for in Articles L. 512-12 and L. 512-86-1, as well as the contributions of affiliated entities for its initial allocation and reconstitution,
defining the principles and conditions for organizing the internal control system of the Group and each of its networks, as well as controlling the organization, management and quality of the financial position of affiliated entities, including through on-site checks within the scope defined in paragraph 4 of Article L. 511-31,
defining risk management policies and principles and the limits thereof for the Group and each of its networks, and ensuring permanent risk supervision on a consolidated basis,
approving the articles of association of affiliated entities and local savings companies and any changes thereto,
approving the persons called upon, in accordance with Article L. 511-13, to determine the business orientation of its affiliated entities,
to be a credit institution, officially approved to operate as a bank. On this basis, it exercises, both in France and other countries, the prerogatives granted to banks by the French Monetary and Financial Code, and provides the investment services described in Articles L. 321-1 and L. 321-2 of said Code; it also oversees the central banking, financial and technical organization of the network and the Group as a whole;
to act as an insurance intermediary, and particularly as an insurance broker, in accordance with the regulations in force;
to act as an intermediary for real estate transactions, in accordance with the regulations in force;
to acquire stakes, both in France and abroad, in any French or foreign companies, groups or associations with similar purposes to those listed above or with a view to the Group’s expansion, and more generally, to undertake any transactions relating directly or indirectly to these purposes that are liable to facilitate the achievement of the company’s purposes or its expansion.
7.2 Share capital
7.2.1 Share capital at December 31, 2022
The share capital is set at one hundred and eighty million four hundred and seventy-eight thousand two hundred seventy euros (€180,478,270). It is divided into 36,095,654 fully paid-up shares with a nominal value of five euros (€5) each, divided into two categories:
The 18,047,827 category A shares are authorized and fully paid up. They were issued at a nominal value of €5 each and there was no reconciliation of the number of category A shares outstanding at the beginning and end of the fiscal year.
The 18,047,827 category B shares are authorized and fully paid up. They were issued at a nominal value of €5 each and there was no reconciliation of the number of category B shares outstanding at the beginning and end of the fiscal year.
There are no shares not representing capital, no shares held as treasury shares by BPCE and no convertible securities, exchangeable securities or securities with warrants.
In the absence of a BPCE stock option plan within the meaning of Article R. 225-138 of the French Commercial Code (Code de commerce) and in the absence of any share buyback transactions referenced in Articles R. 228-90 and R. 228-91 of the French Commercial Code, the disclosures arising thereunder are not applicable to BPCE.
Likewise, since no share subscription or purchase options have been granted or any free shares allocated, the provisions of Articles L. 225-185 and L. 225-197-1 of the French Commercial Code are not applicable to BPCE.
As a reminder, the Management Board decided, at its meeting of May 27, 2021, to make use of the delegations of the Combined General Meeting of May 27, 2021 with a view to carrying out a capital increase, with cancellation of the preferential subscription right, by way of issue of 686,457 Class A Shares to be subscribed by Class A shareholders and of 686,457 Class B Shares to be subscribed by Class B shareholders, for a total amount (including issue premiums) of €799,999,321.76, to be subscribed between May 28, 2021 and June 11, 2021 (inclusive).
The Management Board Meeting of June 14, 2021 noted that 15 category A shareholders and 14 category B shareholders subscribed for all of the 686,457 category A shares and the 686,457 category B shares with a par value of five euros and that as of June 14, 2021, the share capital resulting from the capital increase amounts to €6,864,570, with the share capital of BPCE rising from €173,613,700 to €180,478,270.
7.3 Ownership structure and distribution of voting rights
7.3.1 Ownership structure over the past three years
Shareholders |
Situation at 03/23/2023 |
Situation at 12/31/2021 |
Situation at 12/31/2020 |
||||||
Number of shares |
% share capital(1) |
% voting rights(2) |
Number of shares |
% share capital(1) |
% voting rights(2) |
Number of shares |
% share capital |
% voting rights |
|
CEP Aquitaine Poitou-Charentes |
1,363,370 |
3.78% |
3.78% |
1,363,370 |
3.78% |
3.78% |
1,311,514 |
3.78% |
3.78% |
CEP d’Auvergne et du Limousin |
709,380 |
1.97% |
1.97% |
709,380 |
1.97% |
1.97% |
682,398 |
1.97% |
1.97% |
CEP Bourgogne Franche-Comté |
944,047 |
2.62% |
2.62% |
944,047 |
2.62% |
2.62% |
908,140 |
2.62% |
2.62% |
CEP Bretagne Pays de Loire |
1,256,946 |
3.48% |
3.48% |
1,256,946 |
3.48% |
3.48% |
1,209,138 |
3.48% |
3.48% |
CEP Côte d’Azur |
724,670 |
2.01% |
2.01% |
724,670 |
2.01% |
2.01% |
697,107 |
2.01% |
2.01% |
CEP Grand Est Europe |
1,664,415 |
4.61% |
4.61% |
1,664,415 |
4.61% |
4.61% |
1,601,108 |
4.61% |
4.61% |
CEP Hauts-de-France |
2,033,513 |
5.63% |
5.63% |
2,033,513 |
5.63% |
5.63% |
1,956,167 |
5.63% |
5.63% |
CEP Île-de-France |
2,511,215 |
6.96% |
6.96% |
2,511,215 |
6.96% |
6.96% |
2,415,700 |
6.96% |
6.96% |
CEP Languedoc-Roussillon |
769,452 |
2.13% |
2.13% |
769,452 |
2.13% |
2.13% |
740,186 |
2.13% |
2.13% |
CEP Loire-Centre |
837,361 |
2.32% |
2.32% |
837,361 |
2.32% |
2.32% |
805,512 |
2.32% |
2.32% |
CEP Loire – Drome – Ardèche |
574,886 |
1.59% |
1.59% |
574,886 |
1.59% |
1.59% |
553,020 |
1.59% |
1.59% |
CEP Midi-Pyrénées |
876,725 |
2.43% |
2.43% |
876,725 |
2.43% |
2.43% |
843,378 |
2.43% |
2.43% |
CEP Normandie |
912,904 |
2.53% |
2.53% |
912,904 |
2.53% |
2.53% |
878,181 |
2.53% |
2.53% |
CEPAC Caisse d’Epargne |
1,389,099 |
3.85% |
3.85% |
1,389,099 |
3.85% |
3.85% |
1,336,264 |
3.85% |
3.85% |
CEP Rhône Alpes |
1,479,844 |
4.10% |
4.10% |
1,479,844 |
4.10% |
4.10% |
1,423,557 |
4.10% |
4.10% |
Total category A shares |
18,047,827 |
50.00% |
50.00% |
18,047,827 |
50.00% |
50.00% |
17,361,370 |
50.00% |
50.00% |
BPR Alsace Lorraine Champagne |
2,026,524 |
5.61% |
5.61% |
2,026,524 |
5.61% |
5.61% |
1,949,444 |
5.61% |
5.61% |
BPR Aquitaine Centre Atlantique |
1,136,512 |
3.15% |
3.15% |
1,136,512 |
3.15% |
3.15% |
1,093,284 |
3.15% |
3.15% |
BPR Auvergne Rhône Alpes |
2,001,861 |
5.55% |
5.55% |
2,001,861 |
5.55% |
5.55% |
1,925,719 |
5.55% |
5.55% |
BPR Bourgogne Franche-Comté |
1,250,484 |
3.46% |
3.46% |
1,250,484 |
3.46% |
3.46% |
1,202,921 |
3.46% |
3.46% |
BRED BP |
1,785,326 |
4.95% |
4.95% |
1,785,326 |
4.95% |
4.95% |
1,717,420 |
4.95% |
4.95% |
BPR Grand Ouest |
1,660,653 |
4.60% |
4.60% |
1,660,653 |
4.60% |
4.60% |
1,597,489 |
4.60% |
4.60% |
BPR Méditerranée |
730,789 |
2.02% |
2.02% |
730,789 |
2.02% |
2.02% |
702,993 |
2.02% |
2.02% |
BPR Nord |
504,219 |
1.40% |
1.40% |
504,219 |
1.40% |
1.40% |
485,041 |
1.40% |
1.40% |
BPR Occitane |
1,437,403 |
3.98% |
3.98% |
1,437,403 |
3.98% |
3.98% |
1,382,731 |
3.98% |
3.98% |
BPR Rives de Paris |
1,612,275 |
4.47% |
4.47% |
1,612,275 |
4.47% |
4.47% |
1,550,951 |
4.47% |
4.47% |
BPR Sud |
949,020 |
2.63% |
2.63% |
949,020 |
2.63% |
2.63% |
912,924 |
2.63% |
2.63% |
BPR Val de France |
1,555,672 |
4.31% |
4.31% |
1,555,672 |
4.31% |
4.31% |
1,496,501 |
4.31% |
4.31% |
CASDEN |
1,033,234 |
2.86% |
2.86% |
1,033,234 |
2.86% |
2.86% |
993,935 |
2.86% |
2.86% |
Crédit Coopératif |
363,829 |
1.01% |
1.01% |
363,829 |
1.01% |
1.01% |
349,991 |
1.01% |
1.01% |
Mr. Jacques Galiegue |
17 |
0.00% |
0.00% |
17 |
0.00% |
0.00% |
17 |
0.00% |
0.00% |
Mr. Jean-Michel Laty |
8 |
0.00% |
0.00% |
8 |
0.00% |
0.00% |
8 |
0.00% |
0.00% |
Unallocated shares |
1 |
0.00% |
0.00% |
1 |
0.00% |
0.00% |
1 |
0.00% |
0.00% |
Total category B shares |
18,047,827 |
50.00% |
50.00% |
18,047,827 |
50.00% |
50.00% |
17,361,370 |
50.00% |
50.00% |
TOTAL |
36,095,654 |
100.00% |
100.00% |
36,095,654 |
100.00% |
100.00% |
34,722,740 |
100.00% |
100.00% |
(1)
Percentage of the share capital corresponds to the theoretical voting rights. (2)
Percentage of voting rights takes into account the treasury shares held by BPCE and corresponds to the voting rights exercisable. |
7.5 Material changes
The financial statements of BPCE SA, BPCE SA group and Groupe BPCE for the 2022 fiscal year were approved by the Management Board on February 6, 2023. Since that date, there has been no significant change in the financial or commercial situation of BPCE SA, BPCE SA group or Groupe BPCE.
With the exception of the items mentioned in this 2022 universal registration document, in Section 6.2 “Risk factors” in Chapter 6, there has been no significant change since December 31, 2022 in the financial performance of Groupe BPCE, nor in its financial and commercial position, nor since the end of the last period for which audited financial statements have been published, and in particular since the signature of the Statutory Auditors’ report on the consolidated financial statements of March 24, 2023.
7.6 Statutory Auditors’ special report on related-party agreements and commitments
General Meeting called to approve the financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022
In our capacity as Statutory Auditors of your company, we hereby present our report on related-party agreements.
It is our responsibility to inform you, on the basis of the information provided to us, of the characteristics and essential terms and conditions of the agreements of which we have been informed or which we may have discovered in the course of our work, without having to express an opinion on their usefulness or appropriateness, or on the existence of other agreements. It is your responsibility, under the terms of Article R. 225-58 of the French Commercial Code, to assess the interest involved in concluding these agreements with a view to their approval.
In addition, we are required to inform you in accordance with Article R. 225-58 of the French Commercial Code concerning the execution, during the past fiscal year, of the agreements already approved by the General Shareholders’ Meeting.
We performed the procedures we considered necessary to comply with the Professional Code of the Compagnie nationale des commissaires aux comptes (France’s National Association of Statutory Auditors) relating to this assignment. Our work consisted in verifying that the information provided to us is consistent with the underlying documents from which it was extracted.
“BPCE” designates the central institution resulting from the combination of the networks of Caisse d’Epargne and Banque Populaire, a French limited liability company (société anonyme) with a Management Board and a Supervisory Board since July 31, 2009;
“CE Participations” designates the former Caisse Nationale des Caisses d’Epargne (CNCE), a French limited liability company (société anonyme) with a Management Board and a Supervisory Board, renamed CE Participations on July 31, 2009 in the modified form of a French limited liability company (société anonyme) with a Board of Directors, as the holding company for all of the Caisse d’Epargne network’s equity interests not transferred to BPCE in 2009, and which was merged with BPCE through absorption on August 5, 2010;
“BP Participations” designates the former Banque Fédérale des Banques Populaires (BFBP), a French limited liability company (société anonyme) with a Board of Directors, renamed BP Participations on July 31, 2009 as the holding company for all of the Banque Populaire network’s equity interests not transferred to BPCE in 2009 and which was merged with BPCE through absorption on August 5, 2010.
7.6.1 Agreements submitted for the approval of the General Meeting
In accordance with Article L. 225-88 of the French Commercial Code, we were informed of the following agreements agreed during the past fiscal year and which were previously approved by your Supervisory Board.
Director concerned on the date of the transactions (October 28, 2022): Nicolas Namias, Chairman of the Management Board of BPCE from December 3, 2022
Regardless, any compensation paid for an employment contract is deducted from the amount of involuntary-termination severance pay.
Nicolas Namias will benefit, under the same conditions as BPCE S.A. employees, from the application of the social protection measures put in place within BPCE S.A. for all employees and for certain categories of employees (concerning supplementary pensions, supplementary personal protection and supplementary health insurance).
Nicolas Namias will benefit from the rules governing the maintenance of rights to receive pay for a period of 12 months in the case of temporary work disability applicable to executive directors of Groupe BPCE companies and corporate officers.
The Supervisory Board notes that the application of these measures to Nicolas Namias is of real interest to BPCE as it enables it to attract and retain this executive.
Framework protocol on the maintenance and continuation of commercial relationships and agreements between the BPCE and LBP groups
Joint directors concerned on the date of the transaction: Laurent Mignon, Chairman of the Management Board of BPCE and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Natixis and Nicolas Namias, member of the Management Board of BPCE, Chief Executive Officer of Natixis and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Natixis Investment Managers
This transaction is part of the completion of Natixis Investment Managers’ acquisition of La Banque Postale’s interests in Ostrum AM and AEW Europe and extension of the industrial partnerships in asset management
The Supervisory Board of BPCE on May 12, 2022 authorized the conclusion of the Framework Agreement, considering that it was in the interest of BPCE in view of the maintenance and continuation of the commercial relations and agreements between the BPCE and LBP groups that it organizes as part of the rationalization and simplification of the capital and industrial partnerships between the two groups.
The Framework Agreement falls within the scope of the regulated agreements procedure only in that it terminates the partnership agreement between Natixis Investment Managers, Ostrum Asset Management, Topco, LBP Asset Management, in the presence of Natixis, BPCE and La Banque Postale, authorized by the Supervisory Board on June 16, 2020.
We have been informed of the following agreements, authorized and entered into since the end of the past fiscal year, which were previously authorized by your Supervisory Board.
Director concerned on the date of the transactions (February 2, 2023): Nicolas Namias, Chairman of Management Board of BPCE.
Regardless, any compensation paid for an employment contract is deducted from the amount of involuntary-termination severance pay.
Nicolas Namias will benefit, under the same conditions as BPCE S.A. employees, from the application of the social protection measures put in place within BPCE S.A. for all employees and for certain categories of employees (concerning supplementary pensions, supplementary personal protection and supplementary health insurance).
Nicolas Namias will benefit from the rules governing the maintenance of rights to receive pay for a period of 12 months in the case of temporary work disability applicable to executive directors of Groupe BPCE companies and corporate officers.
The Supervisory Board notes that the application of these measures to Nicolas Namias is of real interest to BPCE as it enables it to attract and retain this executive.
Director concerned on the date of the transaction (February 2, 2023): Hélène Madar, member of the Management Board of BPCE (from April 1, 2023), Jérôme Terpereau, member of the Management Board of BPCE.
It appeared to be in BPCE’s interest to enter into an employment contract with Hélène Madar enabling her to perform her duties as a member of the Management Board in a relationship of subordination to BPCE, in accordance with the collective bylaws currently in force within BPCE, as part of its strategic plans, and taking into account the financial conditions attached to it.
At its meeting of February 2, 2023, the Supervisory Board approved and authorized an employment contract between BPCE
an amendment to Jérôme Terpereau’s employment contract, made necessary by the change in the scope of his activities.
Director concerned on the date of the transactions (February 2, 2023): Béatrice Lafaurie, member of the Management Board of BPCE, Jérôme Terpereau, member of the Management Board of BPCE, Hélène Madar, member of the Management Board of BPCE (from April 1, 2023)
The members of the BPCE Management Board will receive a forced departure benefit and a retirement benefit under defined conditions.
Regardless, any compensation paid for termination of the employment contract is deducted from the amount of involuntary-termination severance pay.
Social protection plans applicable to all employees and in favor of certain categories of employees
The members of the BPCE Management Board will be able to benefit, under the same conditions as BPCE employees, from the application of the social protection measures put in place within BPCE for all employees and for certain categories of employees (concerning supplementary pensions, supplementary personal protection and supplementary health insurance).
Members of the Management Board may benefit from the rules governing the maintenance of rights to receive pay for a period of 12 months in the case of temporary work disability applicable to executive directors of Groupe BPCE companies.
The Supervisory Board notes that the application of these measures is of real interest to BPCE as it enables it to attract and retain these members of the Management Board.
Pursuant to Articles L.225-90 and L.823-12 of the French Commercial Code, we inform you that the following agreements have not been subject to prior authorization by your Supervisory Board.
It is our responsibility to inform you of the circumstances due to which the authorization procedure was not followed.
Joint directors concerned on the date of the transaction: Nicolas Namias, Chairman of the Management Board of BPCE and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Natixis, Catherine Halberstadt, permanent representative of BPCE on the Board of Directors of Natixis
The takeover of more than 95% of the share capital of Natixis SA by BPCE in fiscal year 2021 resulted, as of December 31, 2021, in the termination of the tax consolidation group of which Natixis SA was until then the consolidating parent company.
Correspondingly, Natixis SA and the subsidiaries of its former tax group have agreed to join, as of January 1, 2022, the tax consolidation group of which BPCE is the parent company.
As the parent company of the tax consolidation group, BPCE is solely liable for corporate income tax calculated on the Group’s overall taxable income with respect to the French Treasury. In this respect, it is entitled to use, under certain conditions, in accordance with the legal mechanism known as the “broad base”, the tax losses carried forward as of December 31, 2021 of the former Natixis tax consolidation group.
In this context, Natixis and BPCE signed a tax consolidation agreement on December 13, 2022, which determines Natixis’ contribution to BPCE’s income tax. It provides that Natixis will pay the tax that it would have paid to the French Treasury as the parent company of the tax group that it could have formed with its subsidiaries in the absence of the acquisition of more than 95% control by BPCE, taking into account, where applicable, the profits of new tax consolidated companies.
This expanded base is thus contractually strengthened between BPCE and Natixis SA since this agreement provides for the possibility for the latter to allocate this tax loss carryforward on a basis also including the tax profits of subsidiaries that would become members of the BPCE tax group and the tax sub-group. of Natixis SA from January 1, 2022. This contractual provision favorable to Natixis SA is in addition to the law.
This agreement could lead Natixis to claim more tax losses from BPCE than BPCE itself will be able to claim from the total income used to calculate the tax due to the French Treasury, thus giving Natixis the benefit of a tax saving that BPCE will not yet have realized.
This agreement had no impact on BPCE’s 2022 financial statements. In fact, when the tax due to the Treasury in 2023 in respect of 2022 is settled, it is not anticipated that Natixis will be able to offset more tax losses than BPCE itself will be able to offset against its overall income.
Joint directors concerned on the date of the transaction: Jean-François Lequoy, member of the Management Board of BPCE and member of the Board of Directors of BPCE Assurances
The acquisition of more than 95% of the share capital of Natixis SA by BPCE in fiscal year 2021 had the effect of terminating, as of December 31, 2021, the tax consolidation group of which Natixis SA was until then the consolidating parent company, in accordance with the provisions of Article 223 L 6 d of the French General Tax Code.
Correspondingly, Natixis SA and the subsidiaries of its former tax group have agreed to join, as of January 1, 2022, the tax consolidation group of which BPCE is the parent company.
As the parent company of the tax consolidation group, BPCE is solely liable for corporate income tax calculated on the Group’s overall taxable income with respect to the French Treasury.
The methods for applying the specific legislation relating to prudential capital, and more particularly the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35 of October 10, 2014 supplementing Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on access to insurance and reinsurance (Solvency II), have led BPCE and its subsidiary to adapt the tax consolidation agreement in order to allow for a better adjustment of the capital required to carry out its activities.
In this context, three tax consolidation agreements, signed on October 27, 2022 by BPCE, BPCE Assurances, BPCE ASSURANCES IARD and BPCE VIE, determine the contribution of the BPCE Assurances sub-group to BPCE’s tax liability and provide that in the event that the overall results of this sub-group, formed by BPCE Assurances and its sub-subsidiaries, show a deficit or a net long-term capital loss, it will receive from BPCE on a final basis, a sum equal to the immediate saving provided to the latter, i.e. the amount of the loss charged, and/or the net long-term capital loss charged, multiplied respectively by the normal tax rate applicable at the time of the year in which this loss is charged or by the effective tax rate applicable to the net long-term capital gain in force at the time of the year in which this net long-term capital loss is charged.
This grant will be made by BPCE to BPCE Assurances in priority to any other payment of corporate tax savings made to the latter by taking into account the deficit or net capital loss realized by another subsidiary member of the tax group of which BPCE is the parent company, as well as the payment of the corporate tax savings relating to the as yet uncompensated portion of the said deficit or capital loss as and when it is set off against the subsequent overall profits of the BPCE tax group.
These agreements were not subject to prior approval by BPCE’s Supervisory Board due to the lateness of the schedule for signing them. These agreements had to be signed before the end of the fiscal year in order to benefit from the provisions of the French Tax Code relating to the inclusion of the companies concerned in the BPCE tax consolidation group as of December 31, 2022.
8.1 Statement by the person responsible for the Universal Registration Document and for the annual financial report
Having taken all reasonable care to ensure that such is the case, to the best of my knowledge, all of the information contained in this 2022 Universal Registration Document is in accordance with the facts and contains no omission likely to affect its import.
To the best of my knowledge, I certify that the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with applicable accounting standards and give a true and fair view of the assets, financial position, and profit or loss of the company and all affiliated companies, and that the management report (whose contents are listed in the cross-reference table on page 788) gives a true and fair picture of the development of the business, results, and financial position of the company and all affiliated companies, along with a description of the main risks and uncertainties to which they are exposed.
8.2 Documents on display
This document is available on the “Investors” Section of the Group’s website (www.groupebpce.com), or from the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority website (www.amf-france.org).
All regulated information published in the last 12 months is available online at https://groupebpce.com/en/investors/regulated-information
8.3 Cross-reference table for the universal registration document
This universal registration document must be read and interpreted in conjunction with the document listed below. This document is incorporated into this document and is deemed to form an integral part thereof:
the 2021 universal registration document including the annual financial report, filed with the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority, on March 23, 2022 under number D.22-0135, available on the BPCE website:
the first amendment to the 2021 universal registration document filed with the AMF on May 19, 2021 under number D. 22-0135-A01, available on the BPCE website:
All the documents incorporated by reference in this universal registration document were filed with the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority, and are available on the issuer’s website (https://groupebpce.com/en/investors/results-and-publications/registration-document) and on the AMF website (https://www.amf-france.org/en).
The information incorporated by reference should be read in accordance with the cross-reference table below, using the headings provided for in Appendix 1 of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/980, supplementing European Regulation 2017/1129 known as the “Prospectus” Regulation. Any information not referred to in this table but which is part of the documents incorporated by reference is provided for information purposes only.
Category referenced in Annexes 1 and 2 of Delegated Regulation No. 2019/2020 |
Universal registration document filed on March 24, 2023 Page No. |
|
1 |
Persons responsible |
|
1.1; 1.2 |
Statement by the person responsible |
782 |
1.3; 1.4 |
Information from third parties, expert statements and declaration of any interest |
N/A |
1.5 |
Approval of the competent authority |
N/A |
2 |
Statutory Auditors |
628-629 |
3 |
Risk factors |
638-648 |
4 |
Information about the issuer |
|
4.1 |
Company name and commercial name |
760 |
4.2 |
Place of registration, registration number and ID of legal entity |
760 |
4.3 |
Date of incorporation and term of Company |
760 |
4.4 |
Registered office and legal form |
760 |
5 |
Business overview |
|
5.1 |
Principal activities |
25-42; 240-251 |
5.2 |
Principal markets |
25-42; 240-251 |
5.3 |
Highlights |
22-24; 234-239; 270-271; 432-433; 567-568 |
5.4 |
Strategy and objectives |
6-9 |
5.5 |
Dependence of the issuer on patents or licenses, industrial, commercial or financial contracts or new manufacturing processes |
735 |
5.6 |
Basis of statements made by the issuer regarding its competitive position |
25-42 |
5.7 |
Investments |
256 |
6 |
Organizational structure of the Group |
|
6.1 |
Description of the Group |
2-15; 16-21; 260 |
6.2 |
List of significant subsidiaries |
5 ; 20; 391-397; 549-557; 600-603 |
7 |
Operating and financial review |
|
7.1 |
Financial position |
240-242 |
7.2 |
Net operating income |
240; 261; 423; 570; 575 |
8 |
Cash flow and capital resources |
|
8.1 |
Information on the issuer’s capital resources |
252-253; 255; 264-265; 314; 426-427; 476; 611-612; 664-671 |
8.2 |
Sources and amounts of issuer’s cash flows |
266; 428 |
8.3 |
Information on the issuer’s borrowing requirements and funding structure |
241-242; 314; 476; 611-612; 725-726 |
8.4 |
Information regarding any restrictions on the use of capital resources that have affected or could affect the issuer’s operations |
N/A |
8.5 |
Information regarding the expected sources of funds needed to fulfill commitments referred to in point 5.7 |
N/A |
9 |
Regulatory environment |
116; 271-279; 433-442; 579-580; 636-637; 664-665 |
10 |
Trend information |
257-258; 572 |
11 |
Profit forecasts and estimates |
N/A |
12 |
Administrative, management and supervisory bodies and executive management |
|
12.1 |
Administrative bodies |
10-11; 150-208 |
12.2 |
Conflicts of interest involving the administrative, management and supervisory bodies and executive management |
154; 231 |
13 |
Remuneration and benefits |
|
13.1 |
Amount of remuneration and benefits in kind |
209-230; 383; 541; 617; 767-771 |
13.2 |
Total amount set aside or accrued by the issuer to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits |
209-230; 383; 541; 617; 767-771 |
14 |
Board practices |
|
14.1 |
Date of expiration of the current term of office |
163 |
14.2 |
Service contracts with members of the administrative bodies |
231; 767-771 |
14.3 |
Information about the issuer’s Audit Committee and Remuneration Committee |
10-11; 153; 158-161; 200; 204 |
14.4 |
Compliance with the country of incorporation’s corporate governance regime |
150-151 |
14.5 |
Potential material impacts on corporate governance, including future changes in the composition of administrative and management bodies and committees |
N/A |
15 |
Employees |
|
15.1 |
Number of employees |
1; 4; 119 |
15.2 |
Shareholdings and stock options |
224; 228-229; 617 |
15.3 |
Arrangements allowing employees to purchase shares in the issuer |
765 |
16 |
Major shareholders |
|
16.1 |
Shareholders with over 5% of the issuer’s capital or voting rights |
765 |
16.2 |
Different types of shareholder voting rights |
764-765 |
16.3 |
Control of the issuer |
764-765 |
16.4 |
Any arrangement, known to the issuer, which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the issuer |
764-765 |
17 |
Related party transactions |
383; 541 |
18 |
Financial information concerning the issuer’s assets and liabilities, financial position and profits and losses |
|
18.1 |
Historical financial information, accounting standards and changes in accounting standards, financial statements and date of most recent financial information |
14-15; 240-241; 254; 261-262; 423-424; 575 |
18.2 |
Interim financial information and other information |
N/A |
18.3 |
Auditing of historical annual financial information |
415-422; 559-566; 618-621 |
18.4 |
Pro forma financial information |
254 |
18.5 |
Dividend policy |
571; 612; 761 |
18.6 |
Legal and arbitration proceedings |
733-735 |
18.7 |
Significant change in the issuer’s financial position |
765 |
19 |
Additional information |
|
19.1 |
Share capital |
762-763 |
19.2 |
Charter of incorporation and articles of association |
760-761 |
20 |
Material contracts |
765 |
21 |
Documents on display |
783 |
In accordance with Article 19 of regulation (EU) No. 2017/1129 of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 14, 2017, the following information is incorporated by reference in this universal registration document:
Groupe BPCE’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and the Statutory Auditors’ report, presented on pages 241 to 400 of the registration document filed with the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority, on March 23, 2022 under number D.22-0135;
BPCE SA group’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and the Statutory Auditors’ report, presented on pages 401 to 539 of the registration document filed with the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority, on March 23, 2022 under number D.22-0135;
BPCE’s annual financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and the Statutory Auditors’ report, presented on pages 548 to 593 of the registration document filed with the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority, on March 23, 2022 under number D.22-0135;
Groupe BPCE’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and the Statutory Auditors’ report, presented on pages 239 to 388 of the registration document filed with the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority, on March 24, 2021 under number D.21-0182;
BPCE SA group’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and the Statutory Auditors’ report, presented on pages 389 to 522 of the registration document filed with the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority, on March 24, 2021 under number D.21-0182;
BPCE’s annual financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and the Statutory Auditors’ report, presented on pages 530 to 577 of the registration document filed with the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority, on March 24, 2021 under number D.21-0182.
The 2021 Registration Document filed with the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority, on March 23, 2022 under number D.22-0135 and the 2020 Registration Document filed with the AMF on March 24, 2021 under number D.21-0182 are available at the following link: https://groupebpce.com/en/investors/results-and-publications/registration-document.
All the documents incorporated in this Amendment to the universal registration document were filed with the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority, and are available on the issuer’s website (https://groupebpce.com/en/investors/results-and-publications/registration-document) and on the AMF website (https://www.amffrance.org/en).
The information incorporated by reference should be read in accordance with the table below. Any information not referred to in this table but which is part of the documents incorporated by reference is provided for information purposes only.
The information incorporated by reference for previous fiscal years should be read in accordance with the table below.
Category referenced in Annexes 1 and 2 of Delegated Regulation No. 2019/2020 |
2020 universal registration document filed on March 24, 2021 Page No. |
2021 universal registration document filed on March 23, 2022 Page No. |
|
7.1 |
Financial position |
217-218 |
220-221 |
7.2 |
Net operating income |
217; 239; 389; 525; 530 |
220; 241; 401; 542; 548 |
8 |
Cash flow and capital resources |
|
|
8.1 |
Information on the issuer’s capital resources |
228-230; 232; 242-243; 292-294; 392-393; 443-445; 532; 567-568; 623-626 |
231-232; 234; 244-245; 292-295; 404-405; 451-453; 550; 583-584; 638-644 |
8.2 |
Sources and amounts of issuer’s cash flows |
244; 394 |
246; 406 |
12 |
Administrative, management and supervisory bodies and executive management |
|
|
12.1 |
Administrative bodies |
8-9; 136-186 |
10-11; 132-191 |
12.2 |
Conflicts of interest involving the administrative, management and supervisory bodies and executive management |
139; 208-209 |
135; 213-214 |
13 |
Remuneration and benefits |
|
|
13.1 |
Amount of remuneration and benefits in kind |
198-207; 354; 504; 573; 719-724 |
203-212; 360; 514; 589; 731-735 |
13.2 |
Total amount set aside or accrued by the issuer to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits |
198-207; 354; 504; 573; 719-724 |
203-212; 360; 514; 589; 733-734 |
14 |
Board practices |
|
|
14.1 |
Date of expiration of the current term of office |
144 |
142 |
14.2 |
Service contracts with members of the administrative bodies |
208-209; 719-724 |
213-214; 731-735 |
14.3 |
Information about the issuer’s Audit Committee and Remuneration Committee |
8-9; 143-144; 180-181; 183; 187; 583-584 |
10-11; 140-141; 184; 187; 599-600 |
18 |
Financial information concerning the issuer’s assets and liabilities, financial position and profits and losses |
|
|
18.1 |
Historical financial information, accounting standards and changes in accounting standards, financial statements and date of most recent financial information |
6-7; 217-218; 228-230; 239-380; 389-515; 523-573 |
14-15; 220-221; 233-234; 241-242; 401-407; 540-589 |
18.2 |
Interim financial information and other information |
N/A |
N/A |
18.3 |
Auditing of historical annual financial information |
381-388; 516-522; 574-577 |
392-400; 532-539; 590-593 |
18.4 |
Pro forma financial information |
217-218; 228-230 |
220-221; 233-234 |
19.2 |
Charter of incorporation and articles of association |
712-713 |
724-725 |
The information presented on Groupe BPCE’s institutional website is not included in the Groupe BPCE universal registration document, unless explicitly incorporated for reference purposes.
Cross-reference table for the annual financial report
In order to facilitate the reading of this document, the cross-reference table below makes it possible to identify, in this universal registration document, the information that constitutes the annual financial report to be published by listed companies in accordance with Articles L. 451-1-2 of the French Monetary and Financial Code and 222-3 of the AMF General Regulation.
Required items |
Chapter/Pages |
|
1. |
Annual financial statements |
Chapter 5 / p. 575-617 |
2. |
Consolidated financial statements |
Chapter 5 / p. 261-414; 423-558 |
3. |
Management report (minimum information within the meaning of Article 222-3 of the AMF General Regulation) |
See cross-reference table |
4. |
Declaration by the persons responsible for the annual financial report |
Chapter 8 / p. 782 |
5. |
Statutory Auditors’ reports on the parent company and consolidated financial statements |
Chapter 5 / p. 415-422; 559-566; 618-621 |
To facilitate the reading of this document, the cross-reference table below shows the information to be included in the management report, in accordance with the provisions of the French Commercial Code applicable to public limited companies with a Board of Directors.
Required items |
Reference texts |
Chapter/Pages |
|
1. Group position and activity |
|||
1.1 |
Situation of the company during the past fiscal year, and objective and thorough analysis of the evolution of the business, results, and financial position of the company and the Group, in particular its debt position, with regard to volume and business complexity |
Articles L. 225-100-1, I., 1°, L. 232-1, II, L. 233-6 and L. 233-26 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 4 / p. 233-258; Chapter 5 / p. 261-414; 423-558; 575-617 |
1.2 |
Key financial performance indicators |
Article L. 225-100-1, I., 2° |
Chapter 4 / p. 233-258; Chapter 5 / p. 261-414; 423-558; 575-617 |
1.3 |
Key non-financial performance indicators relating to the specific activity of the company and the Group, specifically information relating to environmental and personnel issues |
Article L. 225-100-1, I., 2° |
Chapter 2 / p. 45-148 |
1.4 |
Significant events occurring between the reporting date of the fiscal year and the date on which the management report was prepared |
Articles L. 232-1, II and L. 233-26 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 4 / p. 256; Chapter 5 / p. 271; 433; 581 |
1.5 |
Identity of the main shareholders and holders of voting rights at General Meetings, and changes made during the fiscal year |
Article L. 233-13 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 7 / p. 764 |
1.6 |
Existing branches |
Article L. 232-1, II of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 5 / p. 389-397 |
1.7 |
Significant equity investments in companies with their registered office in France |
Article L. 233-6 1 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 4 / p. 256; Chapter 5 / p. 283; 445 |
1.8 |
Transfers of cross-shareholdings |
Articles L. 233-29, L. 233-30 and R. 233-19 of the French Commercial Code |
N/A |
1.9 |
Foreseeable changes in the situation of the company and the Group and outlook |
Articles L. 232-1, II and L. 233-26 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 4 / p. 257-258 |
1.10 |
Research & Development activities |
Articles L. 232-1, II and L. 233-26 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 5 / p. 572 |
1.11 |
Table showing the company’s results for each of the last five fiscal years |
Article R. 225-102 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 5 / p. 573 |
1.12 |
Information on supplier and customer payment terms |
Article D. 441-4 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 5 / p. 574 |
1.13 |
Amount of inter-company loans granted and statement by the Statutory Auditor |
Articles L. 511-6 and R. 511-2-1-3 of the French Monetary and Financial Code |
N/A |
2. Internal control and risk management |
|||
2.1 |
Description of the main risks and uncertainties facing the company |
Article L. 225-100-1, I., 3° |
Chapter 2 / p. 56-59; Chapter 6 / p. 638-648 |
2.2 |
Information on the financial risks related to the effects of climate change, and presentation of the measures taken by the company to reduce them by implementing a low-carbon strategy in all aspects of its activity |
Article L. 22-10-35, 1° |
Chapter 2 / p. 56-59; Chapter 6 / p. 639; Chapter 6 / p. 750-756 |
2.3 |
Main characteristics of the internal control and risk management procedures implemented by the company and the Group as regards preparing and processing accounting and financial information |
Article L. 22-10-35, 2° |
Chapter 5 / p. 622-627 |
2.4 |
Information on the objectives and policy concerning the hedging of each main category of transactions and on exposure to price, credit, liquidity and cash risks, including the use of financial instruments |
Article L. 225-100-1, 4° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 6 / p. 631-758 |
2.5 |
Anti-corruption system |
Act No. 2016-1691 of December 9, 2016 known as “Sapin 2” |
Chapter 2 / p. 131-134 |
2.6 |
Due diligence action plan and report on its effective implementation |
Article L. 225-102-4 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 2 / p. 137-140 |
3. Report on corporate governance |
|||
Remuneration information |
|||
3.1 |
Remuneration policy for corporate officers |
Article L. 22-10-8, I., paragraph 2 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 3 / p. 209-220 |
3.2 |
Remuneration and benefits of any kind paid during the fiscal year or awarded to each corporate officer during the fiscal year |
Article L. 22-10-9, I., 1° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 3 / p.220-230 |
3.3 |
Relative proportion of fixed and variable remuneration |
Article L. 22-10-9, I., 2° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 3 / p. 221 |
3.4 |
Use of the option to request the return of variable remuneration |
Article L. 22-10-9, I., 3° of the French Commercial Code |
N/A |
3.5 |
Commitments of any kind made by the company for the benefit of its corporate officers, namely, contingent remuneration and benefits due or likely to be due as a result of the assumption, termination, or change of their duties, or subsequent to the performance of the latter |
Article L. 22-10-9, I., 4° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 3 / p. 220-230; Chapter 7 / p. 767-771 |
3.6 |
Remuneration paid or allocated by a company included in the scope of consolidation, within the meaning of Article L. 233-16 of the French Commercial Code |
Article L. 22-10-9, I., 5° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 3 / p. 226-228 |
3.7 |
Ratios between the level of remuneration of each executive corporate officer and the average and median remuneration of the company’s employees |
Article L. 22-10-9, I., 6° of the French Commercial Code |
N/A |
3.8 |
Annual change in remuneration, the company’s performance, the average remuneration of the company’s employees and the aforementioned ratios over the five most recent fiscal years. |
Article L. 22-10-9, I., 7° of the French Commercial Code |
N/A |
3.9 |
Explanation of how total remuneration complies with the adopted remuneration policy, including how it contributes to the company’s long-term performance and how performance criteria have been applied |
Article L. 22-10-9, I., 8° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 3 / p. 217-220 |
3.10 |
Method by which the vote of the last Ordinary shareholders’ Meeting provided for in II of Article L. 225-100 (until December 31, 2020) was taken into account, then in I of Article L. 22-10-34 (from January 1, 2021) of the French Commercial Code |
Article L. 22-10-9, I., 9° of the French Commercial Code |
N/A |
3.11 |
Deviation from the procedure for implementing the remuneration policy and any exceptions |
Article L. 22-10-9, I., 10° of the French Commercial Code |
N/A |
3.12 |
Application of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article L. 225-45 of the French Commercial Code (suspension of payment of directors’ remuneration in the event of non-compliance with gender balance on the Board of Directors). |
Article L. 22-10-9, I., 11° of the French Commercial Code |
N/A |
3.13 |
Allocation and retention of options by corporate officers |
Article L. 225-185 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 3 / p. 228-229 |
3.14 |
Allocation to, and retention of, bonus shares for company directors |
Articles L. 225-197-1 and L. 22-10-59 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 3 / p. 229 |
Governance information |
|||
3.15 |
List of all directorships and offices exercised in any company by each of the corporate officers during the fiscal year |
Article L. 225-37-4, 1° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 3 / p. 165-196 |
3.16 |
Agreements entered into between an executive officer or a significant shareholder |
Article L. 225-37-4, 2° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 5 / p. 572 |
3.17 |
Summary table of current delegations of authority granted by the General Meeting |
Article L. 225-37-4, 3° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 5 / p. 573 |
3.18 |
Procedures for exercising executive management |
Article L. 225-37-4, 4° of the French Commercial Code |
N/A |
3.19 |
Composition of the Board, and conditions for the preparation and organization of its work |
Article L. 22-10-10, 1° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 3 / p. 154-157; 197-208 |
3.20 |
Application of the principle of balanced representation of women and men on the Board |
Article L. 22-10-10, 2° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 3 / p. 154-155 |
3.21 |
Any limitations that the Board places on the powers of the Chief Executive Officer |
Article L. 22-10-10, 3° of the French Commercial Code |
N/A |
3.22 |
Reference to a Corporate Governance Code and application of the “comply or explain” principle |
Article L. 22-10-10, 4° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 3 / p. 152-153 |
3.23 |
Specific procedures for the participation of shareholders in the General Meeting |
Article L. 22-10-10, 5° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 3 / p. 207-208 |
3.24 |
Procedure for assessing current agreements - Implementation |
Article L. 22-10-10, 6° of the French Commercial Code |
N/A |
3.25 |
Information likely to have an impact in the event of a public tender offer or exchange offer: •
structure of the company’s capital; •
statutory restrictions on the exercise of voting rights and share transfers, or clauses of agreements brought to the attention of the company pursuant to Article L. 233-11; •
direct or indirect shareholdings in the capital of the company of which it is aware pursuant to Articles L. 233-7 and L. 233-12; •
list of holders of any securities with special control rights and a description of the latter - control mechanisms provided for in a possible employee shareholding system, when the control rights are not exercised by the latter; •
agreements between shareholders of which the company is aware and which may result in restrictions on the transfer of shares and the exercise of voting rights; •
rules applicable to the appointment and replacement of members of the Board of Directors and the amendment of the company’s articles of association; •
powers of the Board of Directors, in particular with regard to the issue or buyback of shares; •
agreements entered into by the company which are amended or terminated in the event of a change of control of the company, unless such disclosure, except in the case of a legal obligation to disclose, would seriously harm its interests; •
agreements providing for compensation for the members of the Board of Directors or employees, if they resign or are dismissed without real and serious cause or if their employment is terminated due to a takeover bid or exchange offer. |
Article L. 22-10-11 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 7 / p. 759-765 |
3.26 |
For public limited companies with a Supervisory Board: Observations of the Supervisory Board on the Management Board’s report and the financial statements for the fiscal year. |
Article L. 225-68, last paragraph, of the French Commercial Code |
|
4. Shareholding and capital |
|
||
4.1 |
Structure of, and changes in, the company’s share capital, and crossing of thresholds |
Article L. 233-13 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 7 / p. 762-764 |
4.2 |
Acquisition and disposal by the company of its own shares |
Article L. 225-211 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 5 / p. 572 |
4.3 |
Statement of employee participation in the share capital on the last day of the fiscal year (proportion of capital represented) |
Article L. 225-102, paragraph 1 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 7 / p. 764 |
4.4 |
Statement of any adjustments for securities giving access to the share capital in the event |
Articles L. 228-90 and R. 228-91 of the French Commercial Code |
N/A |
4.5 |
Information on transactions by executives and related persons in the company’s shares |
Article L.621-18-2 of the French Monetary and Financial Code |
N/A |
4.6 |
Amounts of dividends distributed in respect of the three previous fiscal years |
Article 243 bis of the French General Tax Code |
Chapter 5 / p. 571 Chapter 7 / p. 761 |
5. Non-Financial Performance Statement (NFPS) |
|
||
5.1 |
Business model (or commercial model) |
Articles L. 225-102-1 and R. 225-105, I of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 0 / p. 12-13 |
5.2 |
Description of the main risks related to the business of the company or Group, including, where relevant and proportionate, risks created by business relationships, products or services |
Articles L. 225-102-1 and R. 225-105, I. 1° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 2 / p. 56-59 |
5.3 |
Information on the way in which the company or Group takes into account the social and environmental consequences of its activity, and the effects of this activity on respect for human rights and the prevention of corruption (description of the policies applied and due diligence procedures implemented to prevent, identify and mitigate the main risks related to the business of the company or Group) |
Articles L. 225-102-1, III, R. 225-104 and R. 225-105, I. 2° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 2 / p. 50-51; 56-59; 131-134; 137-140 |
5.4 |
Results of policies applied by the company or Group, including key performance indicators |
Articles L. 225-102-1 and R. 225-105, I. 3° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 2 / p. 50-51; 56-59 |
5.5 |
Social information (employment, work organization, health and safety, labor relations, training, equal treatment) |
Articles L. 225-102-1 and R. 225-105, II. A. 1° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 2 / p. 119-129 |
5.6 |
Environmental information (general environmental policy, pollution, circular economy, climate change) |
Articles L. 225-102-1 and R. 225-105, II. A. 2° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 2 / p. 81-118 |
5.7 |
Societal information (societal commitments in favor of sustainable development, subcontracting and suppliers, fair practices) |
Articles L. 225-102-1 and R. 225-105, II. A. 3° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 2 / p.60-80; 130-140 |
5.8 |
Information on the prevention of corruption |
Articles L. 225-102-1 and R. 225-105, II. B. 1° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 2 / p. 131-132 |
5.9 |
Information on human rights actions |
Articles L. 225-102-1 and R. 225-105, II. B. 2° of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 2 / p. 137-140 |
5.10 |
Specific information: •
the company’s policy to prevent the risk of technological accidents; •
the company’s ability to cover its civil liability in respect of property and persons as a result of the operation of such facilities; •
the means provided by the company to ensure the management of compensation for victims in the event of a technological accident for which it is liable. |
Article L. 225-102-2 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 2 / p. 47; 125-126 |
5.11 |
Collective agreements concluded within the company and their impact on the company’s economic performance and on the working conditions of employees |
Articles L. 225-102-1, III and R. 225-105 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 2 / p. 124-125 |
5.12 |
Statement by the independent third party on the information contained in the NFPS |
Articles L. 225-102-1, III and R. 225-105-2 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 2 / p. 145-147 |
6. Other information |
|
||
6.1 |
Additional tax information |
Articles 223 quater and 223 quinquies of the French General Tax Code |
Chapter 5 / p. 375-376; 533-534; 586-587 |
6.2 |
Injunctions or financial penalties for anti-competitive practices |
Article L. 464-2 of the French Commercial Code |
Chapter 6 / p. 733-735 |
8.5 Glossary
Acronyms |
|
ABS |
See securitization |
ACPR |
Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution (ACPR): French prudential supervisory authority for the banking and insurance sector (formerly the CECEI, or Comité des établissements de crédit et des entreprises d’investissement/Credit Institutions and Investment Firms Committee) |
AFEP-MEDEF |
Association française des entreprises privées – Mouvement des entreprises de France/French Association of Private Sector Companies – French Business Confederation |
AFS |
Available For Sale |
ALM |
Asset/Liability management |
AMF |
Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), the French financial markets authority |
AML-CTF |
Anti-Money Laundering and Counter Terrorism Financing |
AT1 |
Additional Tier 1 |
BCBS |
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, an organization comprised of the central bank governors of the G20 countries, tasked with strengthening the global financial system and improving the efficacy of prudential supervision and cooperation among bank regulators |
BCP |
Business Continuity Plan |
BMTN |
Negotiable medium-term notes |
BRRD |
Banking Recovery and Resolution Directive |
CCF |
Credit Conversion Factor |
CDO |
See securitization |
CDPC |
Credit Derivatives Products Company, i.e. a business specializing in providing protection against credit default through credit derivatives |
CDS |
Credit Default Swap, a credit derivative contract under which the party wishing to buy protection against a credit event (e.g. counterparty default) makes regular payments to a third party and receives a pre-determined payment from this third party should the credit event occur |
CEGC |
Compagnie Européenne de Garanties et de Cautions |
CET1 |
Common Equity Tier 1 |
CFP |
Contingency Funding Plan |
CLO |
See securitization |
CMBS |
See securitization |
CNCE |
Caisse Nationale des Caisses d’Epargne |
CPM |
Credit Portfolio Management |
CRD |
Capital Requirements Directive |
CRR |
Capital Requirements Regulation |
CVA |
Credit Valuation Adjustment: the expected loss related to the risk of default by a counterparty. The CVA aims to take into account the fact that the full market value of the transactions may not be recovered. The method for determining the CVA is primarily based on the use of market inputs in connection with the practices of market professionals |
CVaR |
Credit Value at Risk, i.e. the worst loss expected to be suffered after eliminating the 1% worst-case scenarios, used to determine individual counterparty limits |
DVA |
Debit Valuation Adjustment, symmetrical to the CVA. Represents the expected loss, from the counterparty’s perspective, on valuations of derivative liabilities. It reflects the impact of the entity’s own credit quality on the valuation of these instruments |
DVA |
Debit Valuation Adjustment, symmetrical to the CVA. Represents the expected loss, from the counterparty’s perspective, on valuations of derivative liabilities. It reflects the impact of the entity’s own credit quality on the valuation of these instruments |
EAD |
Exposure at Default, i.e. the amount owed by the customer at the effective default date. It is the sum of the remaining principal, past due payments, accrued interest not yet due, fees and penalties |
EBA |
The European Banking Authority, established by EU regulation on November 24, 2010. It came into being on January 1, 2011 in London, superseding the Committee of European Banking Supervisors (CEBS). This new body has an expanded mandate. It is in charge of harmonizing prudential standards, ensuring coordination among the various national supervisory authorities and performing the role of mediator. The goal is to establish a Europe-wide supervision mechanism without compromising the ability of the national authorities to conduct the day-to-day supervision of credit institutions |
ECB |
European Central Bank |
EIB |
European Investment Bank |
EL |
Expected Loss, i.e. the value of the loss likely to be incurred given the quality of the structure of the transaction and any measures taken to mitigate risk, such as collateral. It is calculated by multiplying Exposure At Risk (EAD) by Probability of Default (PD) and by Loss Given Default (LGD) |
EURIBOR |
Euro Interbank Offered Rate, the benchmark interest rate on the Euro zone’s money market |
FBF |
Fédération bancaire française (French Banking Federation), a professional body representing all banking institutions in France |
FCPR |
Fonds commun de placement à risque/Venture capital investment fund |
FGAS |
Fonds de garantie à l’accession sociale/French State guarantee fund for subsidized loans |
FINREP |
FINancial REPorting |
FSB |
The Financial Stability Board: whose mandate is to identify vulnerabilities in the global financial system and to implement principles for regulation and supervision in the interest of financial stability. Its members are central bank governors, finance ministers and supervisors from the G20 countries. |
GAP |
Asset/Liability management |
G-SIBs |
Global Systemically Important Banks are financial institutions whose distress or failure, because of their size, complexity and systemic inter-dependence, would cause significant disruption to the financial system and economic activity. These institutions meet the criteria established by the Basel Committee and are identified in a list published in November 2011 and updated every year. The constraints applicable to G-SIBs increase with their level of capital |
HQLA |
High-Quality Liquid Assets |
IASB |
International Accounting Standards Board |
ICAAP |
Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process: a process required under Pillar II of the Basel Accords to ensure that firms have sufficient capital to cover all their risks |
IFRS |
International Financial Reporting Standards |
ILAAP |
Internal Liquidity Adequacy Assessment Process: Process provided for in Pillar II of the Basel Accords through which the Group ensures the adequacy of its liquidity level and its management with regard to all its liquidity risks |
IRB |
Internal-Ratings Based: an approach to capital requirements based on the financial institution’s internal rating systems |
IRBA |
Advanced IRB approach |
IRBF |
Foundation IRB approach |
IRC |
Incremental Risk Charge: the capital requirement for an issuer’s credit migration and default risks, covering a period of one year for fixed income and loan instruments in the trading book (bonds and CDSs). The IRC is a 99.9% Value at Risk measurement; i.e. the greatest risk obtained after eliminating the 0.1% worst-case scenarios |
IS |
Information System |
L&R |
Loans and receivables |
LBO |
Leveraged Buyout |
LCR |
Liquidity Coverage Ratio: a measurement introduced to improve the short-term resilience of banks’ liquidity risk profiles. The LCR requires banks to maintain a reserve of risk-free assets that can be converted easily into cash on the market in order to cover its cash outflows minus cash inflows over a 30-day stress period without the support of central banks |
LGD |
Loss Given Default, a Basel II credit risk indicator corresponding to loss in the event of default |
LOD1 |
Line of Defense 1 |
LOD2 |
Line of Defense 2 |
LTD |
Loan-to-Deposit ratio, i.e. a liquidity indicator that enables a credit institution to measure its autonomy with respect to the financial markets |
MDA |
Maximum Distributable Amount, a new provision for banks placing restrictions on their dividend, AT1 coupon and bonus payments (under a rule that tightens restrictions as banks deviate from their requirements), if the capital buffers are not met. As these buffers are on top of Pillars I and II, they apply immediately if the bank fails to comply with the combined requirements |
MREL |
Minimum Requirement for own funds and Eligible Liabilities |
MRU |
Single Resolution Mechanism |
Non-life insurance policies (IARD) |
Incendie, accidents et risques divers/property and casualty Insurance |
NPE |
Non-Performing Exposure |
NPL |
Non-Performing Loan |
NSFR |
Net Stable Funding Ratio: this ratio is intended to strengthen the longer-term resilience of banks through additional incentives meant to encourage banks to finance their operations using more structurally stable resources. This long-term structural liquidity ratio, applicable to a one-year period, was formulated to provide a viable structure for asset and liability maturities |
OFR |
Own Funds Requirements: i.e. 8% of risk-weighted assets (RWA) |
OH |
Obligations de financement de l’habitat/Housing financing bond |
PD |
Probability of Default: the likelihood that a counterparty of the bank will default within a one-year period |
RMBS |
See securitization |
RSSI |
Responsable de la Sécurité des Systèmes d’Information/Head of Information System Security |
RUBA |
Unified Reporting of Banks and Similar Entities |
RWA |
Risk-Weighted Assets. The calculation of credit risks is further refined using a more detailed risk weighting that incorporates counterparty default risk and debt default risk |
S&P |
Standard & Poor’s |
SCF |
Compagnie de Financement Foncier, the Group’s covered bond issuer |
SEC |
US Securities and Exchange Commission |
SFH |
Housing Finance Company |
SREP |
Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process: Methodology for assessing and measuring the risks faced by each bank. SREP gives the prudential authorities a set of harmonized tools to analyze a bank’s risk profile from four different angles: business model, governance and risk management, risk to capital, and risk to liquidity and funding. The supervisor sends the bank the SREP decisions at the end of the process and sets key objectives. The bank must then “correct” these within a specific time |
SRF |
Single Resolution Fund |
SRM |
Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM): an EU-level system to ensure an orderly resolution of non-viable banks with a minimal impact on taxpayers and the real economy. The SRM is one of the pillars of the European Banking Union and consists of an EU-level resolution authority (Single Resolution Board – SRB) and a common resolution fund financed by the banking sector (Single Resolution Fund – SRF) |
SSM |
Single Supervisory Mechanism |
SVaR |
Stressed Value at Risk: the SVaR calculation method is identical to the VaR approach (historical or Monte Carlo method, scope – position, risk factors – choices and modeling – model approximations and numerical methods identical to those used for VaR) and involves a historical simulation (with “one-day” shocks) calculated over a one-year stressed period, at a 99% confidence level scaled up to ten days. The goal is to assess the impacts of stressed scenarios on the portfolio and current market levels |
T1/T2 |
Tier 1/Tier 2 |
TLAC |
Total Loss Absorbing Capacity: a ratio applicable to G-SIBs that aims to ensure that each G-SIB has the capacity to continue its essential operations for the economy even after a loss has consumed all of its capital. In November 2015, the FSB published the final TLAC calibration: all TLAC-eligible instruments will have to be equivalent to at least 16% of risk-weighted assets at January 1, 2019 and at least 6% of the leverage ratio denominator. TLAC will subsequently have to be equivalent to 18% of risk-weighted assets and 6.75% of the leverage ratio denominator from January 1, 2022 |
TRS |
Total Return Swap, i.e. a transaction whereby two parties exchange the income generated and any change in value on two different assets over a given time period |
TSS |
Titres super subordonnés/deeply subordinated notes, i.e. perpetual bonds with no contractual redemption commitment that pay interest in perpetuity. In the event of liquidation, they are repaid after other creditors (subordinated loans). These securities pay annual interest contingent on the payment of a dividend or the achievement of a specific result |
VaR |
Value at Risk: a measurement of market risk on a bank’s trading book expressed as a monetary value. It allows the entity performing the calculation to appraise the maximum losses liable to be incurred on its trading book. A statistical variable, VaR is always associated with a confidence interval (generally 95% or 99%) and a specific time frame (in practice, one day or ten days, as the trading positions involved are meant to be unwound within a few days) |
Key technical terms |
|
“Bank acting as investor” |
See securitization. |
“Bank acting as originator” |
See securitization. |
“Bank acting as sponsor” |
See securitization. |
Basel II (the Basel Accords) |
A supervisory framework aimed at better anticipating and limiting the risks borne by credit institutions. It focuses on banks’ credit risk, market risk and operational risk. The terms drafted by the Basel Committee were adopted in Europe through a European directive and have been applicable in France since January 1, 2008. |
Basel III (the Basel Accords) |
Changes in banking prudential standards which incorporated the lessons of the financial crisis of 2007-2008. They complement the Basel II Accords by strengthening the quality and quantity of minimum own funds that institutions must hold. Basel III also establishes minimum requirements for liquidity risk management (quantitative ratios), defines measures aimed at limiting procyclicality in the financial system (capital buffers that vary according to the economic cycle) and reinforces requirements for financial institutions deemed to be systemically important. |
Bond |
A portion of a loan issued in the form of an exchangeable security. For a given issue, a bond grants the same debt claims on the issuer for the same nominal value, the issuer being a company, a public sector entity or a government. |
Collateral |
A transferable asset or guarantee pledged to secure reimbursement on a loan in the event the borrower fails to meet its payment obligations. |
Common Equity Tier-1 ratio |
Ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital to risk-weighted assets. The CET1 ratio is a solvency indicator used in the Basel III prudential accords. |
Cost income ratio |
A ratio indicating the portion of net banking income used to cover operating expenses (the company’s operating costs). It is calculated by dividing operating costs by net banking income. |
CRD IV/CRR |
(see Acronyms) Directive No. 2013/36/EU (CRD IV) and Regulation (EU) No. 575/2013 (CRR), which transpose Basel II in Europe. In conjunction with the EBA’s (European Banking Authority) technical standards, they define European regulations for the capital, major risk, leverage and liquidity ratios. |
Credit and counterparty risk |
The risk of loss from the inability of clients, issuers or other counterparties to honor their financial commitments. Credit risk includes counterparty risk related to market transactions and securitization. |
Credit derivative |
A financial product whose underlying asset is a credit obligation or debt security (bond). The purpose of the credit derivative is to transfer credit risk without transferring the asset itself for hedging purposes. One of the most common forms of credit derivatives is the credit default swap (CDS). |
Derivative |
A financial security or financial contract whose value changes based on the value of an underlying asset, which may be either financial (equities, bonds, currencies, etc.) or non-financial (commodities, agricultural products, etc.) in nature. This change may coincide with a multiplier effect (leverage effect). Derivatives can take the form of either securities (warrants, certificates, structured EMTNs, etc.) or contracts (forwards, options, swaps, etc.). Exchange-traded derivative contracts are called futures. |
Equities |
An equity security issued by a corporation, representing a certificate of ownership and entitling the holder (the “shareholder”) to a proportional share in the distribution of any profits or net assets, as well as a voting right at the General Meeting. |
Fair value |
The price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in a standard arm’s length transaction between market participants at the valuation date. Fair value is therefore based on the exit price. |
Gross exposure |
Exposure before the impact of provisions, adjustments and risk mitigation techniques. |
Haircut |
The percentage by which a security’s market value is reduced to reflect its value in a stressed environment (counterparty risk or market stress). |
Leverage ratio |
Tier 1 capital divided by exposures, which consist of assets and off-balance sheet items, after restatements of derivatives, funding transactions and items deducted from capital. Its main goal is to serve as a supplementary risk measurement for capital requirements. |
Liquidity |
In a banking context, liquidity refers to a bank’s ability to cover its short-term commitments. Liquidity also refers to the degree to which an asset can be quickly bought or sold on a market without a substantial reduction in value. |
Liquidity risk |
The risk that a bank will be unable to honor its payment commitments as they fall due and replace funds when they are withdrawn. |
Market risks |
The risk of loss of value on financial instruments resulting from changes in market inputs, from the volatility of these inputs or from the correlations between these inputs. |
Net value |
Total gross value less allowances/impairments. |
Netting agreement |
A contract whereby two parties to a forward financial instrument (financial contract, securities loan or repurchase agreement) agree to settle their reciprocal claims under these contracts through a single consolidated net payment, particularly in the event of default or contract termination. A master netting agreement extends this mechanism to different transactions through one all-encompassing contract. |
Operational risk |
Risks of losses or penalties due in particular to failures of internal procedures and systems, human error or external events. |
Pillar I |
Pillar I sets minimum requirements for capital. It aims to ensure that banking institutions hold sufficient capital to provide a minimum level of coverage for their credit risk, market risk and operational risk. The bank can use standardized or advanced methods to calculate its capital requirement. |
Pillar II |
Pillar II establishes a process of prudential supervision that complements and strengthens Pillar I. It consists of: an analysis by the bank of all of its risks, including those already covered by Pillar I; an estimate by the bank of the capital requirement for these risks; a comparison by the banking supervisor of its own analysis of the bank’s risk profile with the analysis conducted by the bank, in order to adapt its choice of prudential measures where applicable, which may take the form of capital requirements exceeding the minimum requirements or any other appropriate technique. |
Pillar III |
Pillar III is concerned with establishing market discipline through a series of reporting requirements. These requirements – both qualitative and quantitative – are intended to improve financial transparency in the assessment of exposure to risks, risk assessment procedures and capital adequacy. |
Preferred senior debt |
Preferred senior debt is a category of securities, advances, instruments or rights that, in the event of the insolvency of the credit institution, rank higher than other securities, advances, instruments or rights considered as senior and subordinated (including senior non-preferred debt). |
Rating |
An appraisal by a financial rating agency (Fitch Ratings, Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s) of the creditworthiness of an issuer (company, government or other public entity) or a transaction (bond issue, securitization, covered bond). The rating has a direct impact on the cost of raising capital. |
Rating agency |
An organization that specializes in assessing the creditworthiness of issuers of debt securities, i.e. their ability to honor their commitments (repayment of capital and interest within the contractual period). |
Resecuritization |
The securitization of an exposure that is already securitized where the risk associated with an underlying pool of exposures is tranched and at least one of the underlying exposures is a securitization position. |
Risk appetite |
Level of risk, expressed through quantitative or qualitative criteria, by type of risk and business line, that the Group is prepared to accept given its strategy. The risk appetite exercise is one of the key strategic oversight tools available to the Group’s management team. |
Securitization |
A transaction whereby credit risk on loans and advances is transferred to investors by an entity through the issuance of negotiable securities. This may involve the transfer of advances (physical securitization) or the transfer of risks only (credit derivatives). Some securitization transactions are subordinated through the creation of tranches: ABS – Asset-Backed Securities, i.e. instruments representing a pool of financial assets (excluding mortgage loans), whose performance is linked to that of the underlying asset or pool of assets; CDOs – Collateralized Debt Obligations, i.e. debt securities backed by a pool of assets which can be either bank loans (mortgages) or corporate bonds. Interest and principal payments may be subject to subordination (i.e. through the creation of tranches); CLOs – Collateralized Loan Obligations, i.e. credit derivatives backed by a homogeneous pool of commercial loans; CMBS – Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities; RMBS – Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities, i.e. debt securities backed by a pool of assets consisting of residential mortgage loans; Bank acting as originator: the securitization exposures are the retained positions, even where not eligible for the securitization framework due to the absence of significant and effective risk transfer; Bank acting as investor: investment positions purchased in third-party deals; Bank acting as sponsor: a bank is considered a “sponsor” if it, in fact or in substance, manages or advises the program, places securities into the market, or provides liquidity and/or credit enhancements. The program may include, for example, asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) conduit programs and structured investment vehicles. The securitization exposures include exposures to ABCP conduits to which the bank provides program-wide enhancements, liquidity and other facilities. |
Senior non-preferred debt |
Senior non-preferred debt is a category of securities, advances, instruments or rights introduced by Directive (EU) No. 2017/2399 amending Directive No. 2014/59/EU (BRRD) that, in the event of the insolvency of the credit institution, rank higher than the securities, advances, instruments or rights considered as subordinated, but lower than that of the other securities, advances, instruments or rights considered as senior (including preferred senior debt). |
Standardized approach |
An approach used to determine capital requirements relative to credit risk, pursuant to Pillar I of Basel II. Under this approach, the risk weightings used when calculating capital requirements are determined by the regulator. |
Structural interest rate and foreign exchange risk |
The risk of losses or impairment on assets arising from changes in interest rates or exchange rates. Structural interest rate and foreign exchange risks are associated with commercial activities and proprietary transactions. |
Swap |
An agreement between two counterparties to exchange different assets, or revenues from different assets, until a given date. |
Tier-1 capital |
Core capital including the financial institution’s consolidated shareholders’ equity minus regulatory deductions. |
Tier-2 capital |
Supplementary capital mainly consisting of subordinated securities minus regulatory deduction. |
Total capital ratio |
Ratio of total capital (Tier 1 and 2) to risk-weighted assets (RWAs). |
Volatility |
A measurement of the magnitude of an asset’s price fluctuation and thus a measurement of its risk. Volatility corresponds to the standard deviation of the asset’s immediate returns over a given period. |
Other terms |
|
Back office |
Support or back office department, in charge of administrative functions at a financial intermediary |
Backtesting |
Method consisting of verifying that the actual result rarely exceeds the VaR (Value at Risk) loss. |
Bail-in |
Tool to limit any assistance from public funds to a troubled institution that is still in operation or in the process of liquidation. The bail-in grants to the prudential supervisory authorities the power to impose on certain creditors of a credit institution that may have solvency problems, the conversion of their receivables into shares of this institution and/or the reduction of the amount of these receivables. The European agreement of June 26, 2015 provides for priority requests, in the event of insufficient equity (following losses), from creditors holding subordinated debt, then senior creditors, then unsecured deposits of large companies, then those of SMEs and finally those of individuals above €100,000. However, guaranteed deposits, covered bonds, employee compensation, liabilities related to the institution’s vital activities and interbank liabilities with a maturity of less than seven days must not be affected. |
Coverage |
Hedging (in the sense of customer follow-up) |
Covered bonds |
Covered or collateralized bond: bond for which the repayment and payment of interest are ensured by income flows from a portfolio of high-quality assets that serves as collateral, often a portfolio of mortgages, and the issuing institution is often the manager of the payment of flows to investors (obligations foncières in France, Pfandbriefe in Germany). |
Equity (tranche) |
In a securitization arrangement, refers to the tranche that bears the first losses due to defaults in the underlying portfolio. |
Front office |
Customer service (team of market operators) |
Fully-loaded |
Expresses full compliance with Basel III solvency requirements (which became mandatory in 2019) |
Hedge funds |
Alternative management funds: speculative investment funds that aim for an absolute return and have a great deal of freedom in their management. |
Holding |
Parent company |
Investment grade |
Long-term rating provided by an external agency ranging from AAA/Aaa to BBB-/Baa3 of a counterparty or underlying issue. A rating equal to or lower than BB+/Ba1 qualifies the instrument as non-investment grade. |
Loss ratio |
Ratio between claims/premiums collected |
Mark-to-market |
A method that consists of regularly or even continuously valuing a position on the basis of its market value at the time of the valuation. |
Mark-to-model |
Method which consists of valuing a position on the basis of a financial model and therefore assumptions made by the valuer. |
Monoline |
Companies that provide credit enhancement to financial market participants. |
New Deal |
Strategic plan implemented by Natixis |
Phase-in |
Refers to compliance with current solvency requirements, taking into account the transitional period for the implementation of Basel III. |
Spread |
Actuarial margin: difference between the actuarial rate of return of a bond and that of a risk-free loan of identical duration |
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